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Data from: Can the use of digital algorithms improve quality care? An example from Afghanistan
Background Quality of care is a difficult parameter to measure. With the introduction of digital algorithms based on the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), we are interested to understand if the adherence to the guidelines improved for a better quality of care for children under 5 years old. Methods More than one year after the introduction of digital algorithms, we carried out two cross sectional studies to assess the improvements in comparison with the situation prior to the implementation of the project, in two Basic Health Centres in Kabul province. One survey was carried out inside the consultation room and was based on the direct observation of 181 consultations of children aged 2 months to 5 years old, using a checklist completed by a senior physicians. The second survey queried 181 caretakers of children outside the health facility for their opinion about the consultation carried out through the tablet and prescriptions and medications given. Results We measured the quality of care as adherence to the IMCI's guidelines. The study evaluated the quality of the physical examination and the therapies prescribed with a special attention to antibiotic prescription. We noticed a dramatic improvement (p<0.05) of several indicators following the introduction of digital algorithms. The baseline physical examination was appropriate only for 23.8% [IC% 19.9-28.1] of the patients, 34.5% [IC% 30.0-39.2] received a correct treatment and 86.1% [IC% 82.4-89.2] received at least one antibiotic. With the introduction of digital algorithms, these indicators statistically improved respectively to 84.0% [IC% 77.9-88.6], >85% and less than 30%. Conclusions Our findings suggest that digital algorithms improve quality of care by applying the guidelines more effectively. Our experience should encourage to test this tool in different settings and to scale up its use at province/state level.
FIGURES 37–48. Head, frontal view. 37 Ceriana brunettii male, Tajikistan 38 Ceriana caesarea male, Turkmenistan 39 Ceriana conopsoides male, Greece 40 Ceriana conopsoides female, Russia 41 Ceriana glaebosa male paratype 42 Ceriana media male paratype, Afghanistan 43 Ceriana naja male, Tajikistan 44 Ceriana sartorum male, Turkmenistan 45 Ceriana sartorum female, Tajikistan 46 Ceriana skevingtoni male paratype, Azerbaijan Talish 47 Ceriana vespiformis male, Greece 48 in Revision of the West-Palaearctic species of the tribe Cerioidini (Diptera, Syrphidae)
FIGURES 37–48. Head, frontal view. 37 Ceriana brunettii male, Tajikistan 38 Ceriana caesarea male, Turkmenistan 39 Ceriana conopsoides male, Greece 40 Ceriana conopsoides female, Russia 41 Ceriana glaebosa male paratype 42 Ceriana media male paratype, Afghanistan 43 Ceriana naja male, Tajikistan 44 Ceriana sartorum male, Turkmenistan 45 Ceriana sartorum female, Tajikistan 46 Ceriana skevingtoni male paratype, Azerbaijan Talish 47 Ceriana vespiformis male, Greece 48 Ceriana vespiformis female, Rhodos. Scale line = 2 mm.
FIGURES 7–11 in The Central Asian Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae), with the description of a new species from Afghanistan
FIGURES 7–11. Herina monticola (Stackelberg), non-type ♀. 7. Abdomen, dorsal view. 8. Abdominal sternites 3–6, ventral view. 9. Aculeus, ventral view. 10. Cercal unit, ventral view. 11. Spermathecae.
FIGURES 19–22 in The Central Asian Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae), with the description of a new species from Afghanistan
FIGURES 19–22. Herina odnosumi Kameneva & Pljushtch, sp. nov., paratype 3. 19. Epandrium, posterior view. 20. Same, right lateral view. 21. Epandrium, antero-ventral view. 22. Distiphallus (detached at base, uncoiled and compressed).
FIGURES 3–6 in The Central Asian Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae), with the description of a new species from Afghanistan
FIGURES 3–6. Herina monticola (Stackelberg), non-type ♀. 3. Habitus, lateral view. 4. Head, lateral view. 5. Head and mesonotum, dorsal view. 6. Head, anterior view.
FIGURES 1–2. Wings. 1 in The Central Asian Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae), with the description of a new species from Afghanistan
FIGURES 1–2. Wings. 1. Herina monticola (Stackelberg). 2. Herina odnosumi Kameneva & Pljushtch, sp. nov. Scale in mm.
FIGURES 14–18 in The Central Asian Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae), with the description of a new species from Afghanistan
FIGURES 14–18. Herina odnosumi Kameneva & Pljushtch, sp. nov., holotype ♀. 14. Habitus, lateral view. 15. Abdominal sternites 3–6, ventral view. 16. Aculeus, ventral view. 17. Cercal unit, ventral view. 18. Spermathecae.
FIGURES 12–13 in The Central Asian Herina (Diptera: Ulidiidae), with the description of a new species from Afghanistan
FIGURES 12–13. Herina odnosumi Kameneva & Pljushtch, sp. nov. 12. Head, lateral view. 13. Mesonotum, dorsal view.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 3. Map showing the type locality of Alburnoides holciki sp. n.: Hari River system, 34°20'N, 62°12'E (empty star) and a locality of non-type material from Kashaf River (solid star) and sampling sites of comparative material: Alburnoides cf. eichwaldii west of Safid River (empty circles), Alburnoides cf. eichwaldii Safid River drainage (solid circles), A. cf. eichwaldii Tajan River (empty triangle), Alburnoides sp., Atrek River drainage (solid triangles), A. varentsovi rivers of northern slope of Kopetdag (solid quadrates), Alburnoides sp. Amu Darya drainage (empty quadrates).
FIGURE 2 in A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 2. Alburnoides holciki sp. n., radiograph of a non-type specimen, BMNH 1914.1.1:30-31, 82.4 mm SL, Kashaf River at Mashhad (Iran). Shows an upturned mouth, a straightened upper profile of the snout, 13 predorsal vertebrae, 20 abdominal vertebrae, and 21 caudal vertebrae.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 5. Alburnoides sp., ZISP 10336, 65.8 mm SL, Samarkand (Zeravshan River system, Amu Darya drainage, Uzbekistan).
FIGURE 8 in A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 8. Alburnoides sp., radiograph, CMNFI 1970-0537, 77.8 mm SL, Shah River (Safid River drainage, Iran). Shows a more horizontal mouth, a rounded upper profile of the snout, 12 predorsal vertebrae, 20 abdominal vertebrae, and 21 caudal vertebrae.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 1. Alburnoides holciki sp. n., female holotype, 80.0 mm SL, Hari River at Herat (Afghanistan).
FIGURE 4 in A new species of riffle minnow, Alburnoides holciki, from the Hari River basin in Afghanistan and Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 4. UPGMA dendrogram using Kullback-Leibler divergences for six meristic characters (the number of branched anal-fin rays and five vertebral counts).
FIGURES 21–27 in Redescription of three species of Filistatidae (Araneae) described by C. F. Roewer from Afghanistan
FIGURES 21–27. Somatic characters and female copulatory organ of paratype of Zaitunia afghana. 21–22, 24 body, dorsal, ventral and lateral, respectively; 23 prosoma, dorsal; 25 metatarsus IV showing calamistrum; 26–27 copulatory organ, 26 ventral and 27 dorso-anterior.
FIGURES 16–20 in Redescription of three species of Filistatidae (Araneae) described by C. F. Roewer from Afghanistan
FIGURES 16–20. Somatic characters of paratype female of Tricalamus lindbergi. 16–18 body, dorsal, ventral and lateral; 19 carapace, dorsal; 20 metatarsus IV showing calamistrum with 3 rows of setae.
FIGURES 1–10 in Redescription of three species of Filistatidae (Araneae) described by C. F. Roewer from Afghanistan
FIGURES 1–10. Holotype female of Pholcoides afghana. 1–2 prosoma, dorsal and ventral; 3 abdomen, ventral; 4 prosoma, frontal; 5 spinnerets; 6 metatarsus IV showing calamistrum; 7 tarsus I; 8 leg IV showing long ventral macrosetae on femur; 9 tarsus III and loose paired claw; 10 copulatory organs, dorsal.
FIGURES 11–15 in Redescription of three species of Filistatidae (Araneae) described by C. F. Roewer from Afghanistan
FIGURES 11–15. Female copulatory organs of Pholcoides afghana (11–12), Zaitunia afghana (13) and Tricalamus lindbergi (14-15). 11, 13 ventral; 12, 14–15 dorsal. Abbreviations: Ar accessorial receptacle; Mr main receptacle.
FIGURES 7–12. Bryoleuca spp., female genitalia. 7, B in A new species of Bryoleuca Hampson, 1908 from Afghanistan (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Bryophilinae)
FIGURES 7–12. Bryoleuca spp., female genitalia. 7, B. pljushtchi, holotype, slide OP2688f; 8, B. orthogramma, slide OP1099f; 9, B. nahnybidai, slide OP1043f; 10, B. raptricula, slide OP0577f; 11, B. felina, slide OP0576f; 12, B. volodia, slide LR6437f.
FIGURES 1–6 in A new species of Bryoleuca Hampson, 1908 from Afghanistan (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Bryophilinae)
FIGURES 1–6. Bryoleuca spp., adults, females. 1, B. pljushtchi, holotype, Afghanistan, Sabzil; 2, B. orthogramma, Mongolia; 3, B. raptricula, Hungary; 4, B. felina, Hungary; 5, B. volodia, Vietnam; 6, B. nahnybidai, Kazakhstan.
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OpenNeuro
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