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FIG. 7. — A-C in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 7. — A-C, Homotrypa subramosa Ulrich, 1886, CEGH-UNC 27537 b: A, B, longitudinal thin section showing autozooecial chambers with cystiphragms; C, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, mesozooecia, and acanthostyles; D-I, Homotrypa vacua McKinney, 1971: D, E, branch longitudinal thin section showing autozooecial chambers with cystiphragms, CEGH-UNC 27545 a; G, H, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, mesozooecia, and acanthostyles, CEGH-UNC 27545 a; I, branch transverse section, CEGH-UNC 27507 b. Scale bars: A, D, E, G, I, 1 mm; B, C, F, H, 0.5 mm.

FIG. 4. — A-E in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 4. — A-E, Lunaferamita virginiensis Utgaard, 1981: A, longitudinal thin section of a colony, CEGH-UNC 27524 a; B, C, longitudinal section of exozone showing autozooecia with diaphragms and vesicles, CEGH-UNC 27513 c; D, tangential thin section showing macula, autozooecial apertures and acanthostyles (arrows), CEGH-UNC 27513 b; F, G, Xenotrypa argentinensis n. sp., longitudinal thin section, holotype CEGH-UNC 27523 b. Scale bars: A, F, 5 mm; B, D, 0.5 mm; C, E, 0.2 mm; G, 1 mm.

FIG. 8. — A-F, Heterotrypa enodis n in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 8. — A-F, Heterotrypa enodis n. sp.: A-C, branch transverse section showing autozooecial chambers and mesozooecia, holotype CEGH-UNC 27504 b; D, branch longitudinal section showing autozooecial chambers with diaphragms and mesozooecia, CEGH-UNC 27504 a; E, F, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, mesozooecia, and acanthostyles, CEGH-UNC 27504 c; G, H, Albardonia bifoliata n. gen., n. sp., oblique thin section through the bifoliate colony, holotype CEGH-UNC 27538 c. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, G, H, 1 mm; C, F, 0.2 mm.

FIG. 3 in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 3. — Microfacies of the main bryozoan-bearing rocks (lenticular quartz-bioclastic-rich sandstones) containing fragmented bryozoans (PS, Pseudostictoporella simplex n. sp.; AB, Albardonia bifoliata n. gen., n. sp.; LV, Lunaferamita virginiensis Utgaard, 1981; HE, Heterotrypa enodis n. sp.), brachiopod shells, crinoids, calcareous algae (CA), as well as lithoclasts in the siliciclastic matrix; A, CEGH-UNC 27520 b; B, CEGH-UNC 27530 e. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 2. — A in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 2. — A, stratigraphic chart showing main Ordovician units (including La Pola Formation) of the Argentinean Precordillera disposed according north-south distribution; B, lithological column of the La Pola section in the Villicum range.

FIGURE 21 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 21. Bryozoan diversity indices in profiles B and C (species richness, Shannon index, and Fisher's α). Diversity indices were counted using PAST version 1.81 (Hammer et al., 2001).

FIGURE 18. Septopora blanda Moore, 1929 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 18. Septopora blanda Moore, 1929 (A–C): A, B – tangential section showing autozooecial apertures and chambers, and cyclozooecia (arrows) (XCI 47); C – tangential section showing autozooecial chambers and cyclozooecia (XCI 54). Penniretepora flexistriata Richards, 1959 (D–J): D–F – colony fragments with autozooecial apertures with apertural pores (arrows) and stellate structures, divided by low undulating keel (D: (XCI 121), E–F: (XCI 122); G – autozooecial aperture with apertural pore (arrow) and stellate structure (XCI 123); H, I – thin section showing autozooecial chambers (XCI 83); J – thin section showing autozooecial apertures with apertural pore (arrow) (XCI 82).

FIGURE 20 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 20. Distribution of bryozoan growth forms (number of fragments) within the profiles B and C (samples B1-B4 contained almost no bryozoans).

FIGURE 16. Polypora triangularis Rogers, 1900 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 16. Polypora triangularis Rogers, 1900 (A–G): A–C – colony fragments with intact chambers of reproductive heterozooecia (XCI 114); D – branch fragment with nanozooecia (XCI 115); E, F – branch fragment with autozooecial apertures with proximal pores (arrows) (XCI 116); G – branch fragment with nodes on the reverse side (XCI 117). Polypora aff. hexagona Moore, 1929 (H, I) – colony fragment with fenestrules, autozooecial apertures, and nodes (XCI 118).

FIGURE 14 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 14. Cavernella praecavifera (Schulga-Nesterenko, 1951) (A–D): A – tangential section showing autozooecial apertures and chambers (XCI 69); B–D – tangential section showing cavernozooecia (arrows) (XCI 73). Acupipora elliptica (Rogers, 1900) (E) – colony fragment showing fenestrules, autozooecial apertures and nodes (XCI 113).

FIGURE 11. Laxifenestella placida Moore, 1929 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 11. Laxifenestella placida Moore, 1929 (A–D): A – tangential section showing autozooecial apertures and keel with nodes (XCI 35); B – deep tangential section showing autozooecial chambers with hemisepta (XCI 65); C, D – colony fragment showing fenestrules, autozooecial apertures and keels with nodes (XCI 108). Laxifenestella texana n. sp. (E, F) – tangential section showing fenestrules, autozooecial apertures and chambers, keels with nodes, and reproductive heterozooecia (arrows), holotype (XCI 81).

FIGURE 10. Chainodictyon minor Ulrich, 1890 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 10. Chainodictyon minor Ulrich, 1890, (A): longitudinal thin section showing autozooecial chambers (XCI 42). Fabifenestella compactilis (Condra, 1902) (B–G): B – tangential section showing autozooecial apertures and chambers with hemisepta (XCI 49); C–E – fragment of colony showing fenestrules, autozooecial apertures and keels with nodes (arrow – apertural pore) (XCI 107); F, G – tangential section showing autozooecial apertures and chambers with hemisepta, and keels with nodes (XCI 62). Laxifenestella placida Moore, 1929 (H) – deep tangential section showing autozooecial chambers with hemisepta (XCI 65).

FIGURE 9. Rhombocladia delicata Rogers, 1900 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 9. Rhombocladia delicata Rogers, 1900: (A) – transversal thin section (XCI 22c), (B) – branch longitudinal thin section (XCI 22b). Chainodictyon minor Ulrich, 1890, (C–G): C – branch fragment and colony surface showing autozooecial apertures (XCI 106); D – branch reverse side showing transversal striation (XCI 125); E–G – tangential thin section showing fenestrules, autozooecial apertures and chambers, and a leptozooecium (arrow) (XCI 37).

FIGURE 8. Rhombopora lepidodendroides Meek, 1872 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 8. Rhombopora lepidodendroides Meek, 1872 (A–C): A – branch transverse section (XCI 58a); B, C – branch longitudinal section showing autozooecial chambers and aktinotostyles in autozooecial wall (XCI 45b). Streblotrypa (Streblotrypa) multipora Warthin, 1930 (D–G): D, E – branch fragment showing autozooecial apertures and metazooecia (XCI 104); F – branch transverse section showing autozooecial chambers and axial bundle (XCI 39b); G – branch longitudinal section showing branch transverse section showing autozooecial chambers with hemisepta (arrows) and axial bundle (XCI 40). Rhombocladia delicata Rogers, 1900 (XCI 105) (H–I) – branch fragment (H) and colony surface showing autozooecial apertures, acanthostyles and paurostyles (I).

FIGURE 6. Cystodictya formosa Moore, 1929 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 6. Cystodictya formosa Moore, 1929 (A–B): A – deep tangential section showing autozooecial chambers with hemisepta and vesicular skeleton (XCI 27); B – branch transverse section showing mesotheca, autozooecial chambers and vesicles (XCI 23c). Goniocladia grahamensis Moore, 1929 (C–E): branch fragment showing the shape of fenestrule, ridges on branches and autozooecial apertures with lunaria (XCI 100). Dyscritella felixi n. sp. (F–H): F – colony encrusting a brachiopod spine (holotype XCI 101); G – colony surface showing autozooecial apertures, exilazooecia, and acanthostyles; H – tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, exilazooecia, and acanthostyles (paratype XCI 86).

FIGURE 7. Dyscritella felixi n in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 7. Dyscritella felixi n. sp. (A–B): longitudinal thin section of a colony encrusting a brachiopod spine (paratype XCI 87). Rhombopora lepidodendroides Meek, 1872 (C–H): C – branch fragment (XCI 102); D, F – colony surface with autozooecial apertures, acanthostyles and aktinotostyles (XCI 102); E – colony surface with autozooecial apertures, acanthostyles and aktinotostyles (XCI 103); G, H – tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, acanthostyles and aktinotostyles (XCI 80b).

FIGURE 5 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 5. Eridopora beilensis Perkins and Perry in Perkins et al., 1962 (A–B): A – tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures and vesicles (XCI 36); B – longitudinal thin section of a colony on echinoderm fragment showing autozooecial chambers and vesicles (XCI 59a). Cystodictya formosa Moore, 1929 (C–G): C, D – branch fragment with autozooecial apertures and lunaria (XCI 99); E–F: tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures with lunaria (XCI 23a); G – deep tangential section showing autozooecial chambers with hemisepta and vesicular skeleton (XCI 23a).

FIGURE 4. Fistulipora nodulifera Meek, 1872 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 4. Fistulipora nodulifera Meek, 1872 (A–C): A – colony surface with autozooecial apertures and lunaria (XCI 97); B – tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures with lunaria and vesicles (XCI 29); C – longitudinal thin section showing autozooecial chambers and vesicles (XCI 56b). Eridopora beilensis Perkins and Perry in Perkins et al., 1962 (D–F): discoidal colony showing autozooecial apertures with triangular lunaria (XCI 98).

FIGURE 12. Laxifenestella texana n in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 12. Laxifenestella texana n. sp. (A–G): A–C – tangential section showing autozooecial apertures and chambers, and reproductive heterozooecia (arrows) (holotype XCI 81). D – colony fragment showing fenestrules, autozooecial apertures divided by keels with nodes (paratype XCI 109); E – colony fragment showing reproductive heterozooecia (arrows) (paratype XCI 109); F – almost intact chamber of a reproductive heterozooecium (paratype XCI 110); G – colony fragment showing secondary nanozooecia (arrows) (paratype XCI 111). Cavernella praecavifera (Schulga-Nesterenko, 1951) (H) – colony fragment showing fenestrules, autozooecial apertures divided by keels with nodes (XCI 112).

FIGURE 3. Picked bryozoan fragments from the disaggregated, sieved samples from the Finis Shale. A – profile B15 in Stenolaemate bryozoans from the Graham Formation, Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) at Lost Creek Lake, Texas, USA

FIGURE 3. Picked bryozoan fragments from the disaggregated, sieved samples from the Finis Shale. A – profile B15; B – profile B16; C – profile C5; D – profile C13.