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FIGURE 6 in Bioerosion traces on the Campanian turtle remains: New data from the lagoonal deposits of the Quseir Formation, Kharga Oasis, Egypt

FIGURE 6. Palaeoecology and post-mortem stages of the three turtle-bearing horizons in the Qarn Ganah area, Kharga Oasis, Egypt. (A) A sketch showing the proposed life of side-necked turtle (Bothremydidae) living in small isolated ponds during the Campanian time. (B‒D) A proposed model for the formation of the three horizons of turtle concentrations.

FIGURE 5. A in Bioerosion traces on the Campanian turtle remains: New data from the lagoonal deposits of the Quseir Formation, Kharga Oasis, Egypt

FIGURE 5. A sketch showing bioerosion traces colonising the turtle bones from the Campanian of the Hindaw Member (the Quseir Formation) in the Qarn Ganah area, Kharga Oasis, Egypt (1. Nihilichnus nihilicus, 2. Karethraichnus lakkos, 3. Cubiculum ornatus, 4. Cubiculum inornatus, 5. Osteocallis mandibulus, 6. Radulichnus inopinatus, 7. Osteichnus ossiobontum, 8. Osedacoides jurassicus, 9. Sulculites bellus, and 10. Machichnus?bohemicus).

FIGURE 2 in Bioerosion traces on the Campanian turtle remains: New data from the lagoonal deposits of the Quseir Formation, Kharga Oasis, Egypt

FIGURE 2. Lithological section of the Campanian Hindaw Member (the Quseir Formation) in the study area (modified after Abu El-Kheir, 2020). Arrows mark occurrences of the three turtle-bearing horizons (I‒III) studied.

FIGURE 1 in Bioerosion traces on the Campanian turtle remains: New data from the lagoonal deposits of the Quseir Formation, Kharga Oasis, Egypt

FIGURE 1. Simplified geological map of the study area with indication of the vertebrate distribution east of the Ganah village (modified after Abu El-Kheir, 2020; AbdelGawad et al., 2023).

FIGURE 3 in Bioerosion traces on the Campanian turtle remains: New data from the lagoonal deposits of the Quseir Formation, Kharga Oasis, Egypt

FIGURE 3. (A) Nihilichnus nihilicus, circular, subcircular to ellipsoidal non-penetrating holes (arrows) on the carapace peripheral. (B, C) Karethraichnus lakkos. (B) Cluster of bowl-shaped pits (arrows) of on the carapace peripheral. (C) Small rounded holes (arrows) of which are not completely penetrating the plastron fragments. (D) External surface of carapace peripheral containing three ichnospecies Cubiculum ornatus, C. inornatus and Osteocallis mandibulus (E, F, and H, respectively). (E) Cubiculum ornatus (arrows), showing the characteristic features of the ichnospecies with well pronounced bioglyphs. (F) Cubiculum inornatus (arrow), showing details of the morphological features the ichnospecies. (G) Cubiculum isp., showing borings arranged in groups of mostly parallel to each other and infilled with sediments. (H) Osteocallis mandibulus (ellipse), showing, randomly oriented surface borings with distinct arcuate (commonly paired) scratches in turtle skeleton. Scale bars equal 0.5 cm, except for B, D and G, which are 1.0 cm, and for C, which is 0.4 cm.

FIGURE 4 in Bioerosion traces on the Campanian turtle remains: New data from the lagoonal deposits of the Quseir Formation, Kharga Oasis, Egypt

FIGURE 4. (A, B) Osteocallis mandibulus. (A) Small randomly oriented surface borings. (B) Close up view of A, showing small randomly oriented surface borings. (C, D) Radulichnus inopinatus, parallel to sub-parallel arcuate bundles closely spaced in groups. (E) Osteichnus ossiobontum, parallel borings with fused U-notches, inclined to the bone surface. (F) Osedacoides jurassicus, small simple borings in bone (yellow arrows) penetrating into the turtle bone. Note the occurrence of some Cubiculum isp. traces (red arrows). (G) Sulculites bellus, smooth, slender narrow, nonbranched straight to curved grooves. (H) Machichnus?bohemicus, shallow serial parallel or subparallel grooves (arrows) in carapace peripheral. Scale bars equal 1.0 cm, except for B, D, and E, which are 0.5 cm.

FIGURE 38. Baculites from the Tepeyac section. A–B, G–H in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 38. Baculites from the Tepeyac section. A–B, G–H: Baculites taylorensis, A–B: CPC–2198, bed TPY64; G–H: CPC–2199 before extraction from bed TPY77; C–F, I–L: Baculites haresi, C–F: CPC–2607, bed TPY52; I–L: CPC2606, bed TPY77. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 30 in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 30. Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) duelmensis (Schlüter, 1972) from the Tepeyac section. A: CPC–2545, imprint of inner whorl. B–E: CPC–2197, bed TPY76. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 21 in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 21. Menabites (Bererella) walnutensis (Young, 1963) from bed TPY77. A–C: CPC–2394 from bed TPY73; D– F: CPC–2419 from bed TPY77. CPC– 2582 from bed TPY77. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 26 in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 26. Pseudoschloenbachia (P.) mexicana (Renz, 1936) from the Jiménez region. A–C: CPC–2351. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 18 in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 18. Compressed Menabites (Delawarella) from the Tepeyac section. A–B: Menabites (Delawarella) vandaliense (Young, 1963), CPC–2576 from bed TPY77. Menabites (Delawarella) uddeni (Young, 1963) C–D: CPC– 2399, E–H: CPC–2400, both from bed TPY74; I–J: CPC–2416, K–N: CPC– 2415, both from bed TPY77. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 15 in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 15. Menabites (Delawarella) n. sp. from the upper Tepeyac section. A–C: CPC– 2393, TPY73. D–F: CPC– 2560, TPY74. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 11 in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 11. Menabites (Delawarella) delawarensis (Morton, 1830) from bed TPY35 of the Tepeyac section. A–D: CPC-2382. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 9 in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 9. Menabites (Delawarella) tequesquitense (Young, 1963) from bed TPY36 of the Tepeyac section. CPC- 2383, right lateral view. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 8. Menabites (Delawarella) tequesquitense (Young, 1963) from bed TPY36 of the Tepeyac section. CPC- 2383, left lateral view. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 7. Menabites (Delawarella) tequesquitense (Young, 1963) from the middle Tepeyac section. A: CPC–2381, TPY33, B–C: CPC-2383, TPY36. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 6. Menabites (Delawarella) tequesquitense (Young, 1963) from bed TPY33 of the Tepeyac section. A–B: CPC–2381. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 22 in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 22. Menabites (Bererella) walnutensis (Young, 1963) from bed TPY77. A–C: CPC–2580. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 24 in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 24. Pseudoschloenbachia (P.) mexicana (Renz, 1936) from the lower and middle Tepeyac section. A–C: CPC–2339, TPY13. D–F: CPC–2334, TPY48-50. Scale: 50 mm.

FIGURE 32. Pachydiscids from the Tepeyac section. A–B in Ammonoids and their biozonation across the Santonian-Campanian boundary in north-eastern Coahuila, Mexico

FIGURE 32. Pachydiscids from the Tepeyac section. A–B: Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) duelmensis (Schlüter, 1972), CPC–2193 from bed TPY40; C–F: Menuites stephensoni Young, 1963, CPC–2194 from bed TPY50. Scale: 50 mm.