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Fig. 4 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 4. Microphotographs of Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. from life (A–L). (A, C, D) Ventral views of different cells, showing variation of body shape, arrow shows cilia in AZM1. (B) Dorsal view showing inclusions, a small spur-like protrusion (arrow in B), and anterior membranelles (arrow in D). (E) Partially lateral view. (F) Anterior portion showing spur-like bulge (arrow) at anterior margin of body and AZM1. (G) Ventral view of posterior part showing AZM2, and small left marginal cirrus (arrow). (H) Ventral view of anterior part, showing frontal cirri. (I) Ventral view of posterior part, showing the fine rightmost transverse cirrus (arrow) and left marginal cirri. (J) Ventral view, showing two fine ventral cirri (arrows). (K) Depicting dorsal bristles. (L) Dorsal view, to show caudal cirri located at concave area and dorsal grooves (arrows). AZM1,2, anterior and proximal part of adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cirri; FC, frontal cirri; LMC, left marginal cirri; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Fig. 5 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 5. Photomicrographs of Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. after protargol staining (A–I). (A–C, I) Ventral and dorsal views of specimens at interphase, showing ciliature and macronuclear nodules, arrow showing the small left marginal cirrus. (D, E) Anterior view, to show AZM1 and frontal cirri. (F) Arrows show two fine ventral cirri. (G, H) Depicting AZM2 and left marginal cirri. AZM1,2, anterior and proximal part of adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cirri; DK3, dorsal kinety 3; FC, frontal cirri; LMC, left marginal cirri; Ma, macronuclear nodule; PM, paroral membrane; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Fig. 3 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 3. Morphogenesis of Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. after protargol staining (A–F). (A, B) Ventral and dorsal view of the same late divider, showing migration of new structures and the formation of spherical fused macronucleus. (C, D) Ventral and dorsal view of the same late divider, five new membranelles combine with six retained membranelles to form anterior part of adoral zone of membranelles in the proter, the macronucleus dividing once. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of the same daughter cell just after fusion, showing infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Fig. 2 in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 2. Morphogenesis of Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. after protargol staining (A–F). (A, B) Ventral and dorsal view of the same specimen, arrows in A and B show cirral anlagen and two caudal cirri in the rightmost dorsal kinety anlagen of both proter and opisthe, respectively, arrowheads in A and B mark left marginal anlagen and replication bands, respectively. (C) Ventral view of a middle divider, arrowheads mark the development of left marginal anlagen. (D) Ventral view of a middle divider, showing the formation of paroral membrane anlagen and the segmentation of cirral anlagen (arrows), dedifferentiation of the old paroral membrane. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of the same late divider, showing the formation of new membranelles and cirri and other dorsal kineties anlagen, arrows show de novo formation of a frontal cirrus beside new paroral membrane OP, opisthe's oral primordium; PMA, paroral membrane anlage; POP, proter's oral primordium. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Fig. 2 in The Impacts of Crustacean Zooplankton on a Natural Ciliate Community: a Short-term Incubation Experiment

Fig. 2. The abundance and biomass of ciliate taxa in the four treatments. The samples were collected on days 1, 5, 10, and 15.

Fig. 1. Uronychia xinjiangensis n in Description of a New Brackish Water Ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) Based on Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny

Fig. 1. Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. in vivo (A) and after protargol staining (B–F). (A) Ventral view of a representative individual. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal view of the holotype specimen, showing the ciliature and nuclear apparatus. Frontal-midventral-transverse cirri which originate from the same anlage are connected by a broken line. (D) Ventral view of an early divider, showing the formation of cirral anlagen and OP. (E, F) Ventral and dorsal view of the same early divider, showing the development of cirral anlagen and OP as well the formation of proter's oral primodirum, left marginal anlagen (arrows in E) and replication bands (arrow in F) and dorsal kinety anlagen in the two rightmost old structures; arrowhead indicates short cirral anlage. AZM1,2, anterior and proximal part of adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirrus; CA, cirral anlagen; CC, caudal cirri; DK1-3, dorsal kineties 1–3; FC, frontal cirri; LMC, left marginal cirri; Ma, macronuclear nodule; OP, opisther's oral primodium; PM, paroral membrane; POP, proter's oral primordium; TC, transverse cirri; VC, ventral cirri. Scale bars: 20 μm.

Fig. 5 in The Impacts of Crustacean Zooplankton on a Natural Ciliate Community: a Short-term Incubation Experiment

Fig. 5. Dynamics of some dominant ciliate species during the experiment. The samples were collected on days 1, 5, 10, and 15. *Padj <0.008333, **Padj <0.001667

Fig. 7 in Integrative Studies on the Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny of a Soil Ciliate, Parakahliella macrostoma (Foissner, 1982) Berger et al., 1985 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

Fig. 7. Photomicrographs of dividers of Parakahliella macrostoma pop. 2 during divisional morphogenesis (after protargol staining). (A) ventral view of early divider showing oral primordium, arrowheads point to the left frontoventral cirri. (B, C) ventral views of late divider, arrows mark the left frontoventral row anlagen, white arrow indicates the oral primordium, arrowheads mark the right frontoventral row anlagen (B) arrowheads in C point to the undulating membrane anlage. (D–G) ventral views of late dividers of proter, arrows indicate the newly formed left frontoventral row, arrowheads mark the newly formed right frontoventral row. (H) ventral view of late divider of opisthe, arrow indicates the newly formed left frontoventral row, arrowhead marks the newly formed right frontoventral row. (I) dorsal view of anterior portion showing the dorsal kineties anlagen, arrowheads mark new caudal cirri. (J–M) dorsal views of the body portion showing the macronuclear nodules fused to a single mass (J) and divider (K–M). LMA, left marginal anlagen; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; OP, oral primordium; RMA, right marginal anlagen; UMA, undulating membrane anlage; I–III, frontoventral transverse cirral anlagen I–III. Scale bars: 25 μm in A, C, 30 μm in D, G and 20 μm in J.

Fig. 4. A–F in Morphogenesis and Molecular Characterization of a Little Known Soil Ciliate, Oxytricha nauplia Berger et Foissner, 1987 (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida)

Fig. 4. A–F. Morphogenesis of Oxytricha nauplia after protargol staining. (A, B) Ventral and dorsal views of the same mid-divider, arrowheads in A mark the dorsomarginal kineties anlagen and in B show the posterior fragmentation of the third dorsal kinety anlage (counted from left to right), arrows in B show the old caudal cirri. (C, D) Ventral and dorsal views of the same late divider, (C) shows the completely formed frontoventral-transverse cirri and (D) shows the caudal cirri (arrowheads). (E, F) Ventral and dorsal views of the same late divider just before cell division, to show the newly built ciliature and nuclear apparatus. AZM = adoral zone of membranelles; DK1, 2, 3, 4, 5 = dorsal kinety 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; LMC = left marginal cirri; TC = transverse cirri; I to VI represent anlagen I to VI. Scale bars = 30 μm.

Fig. 7 in Morphogenesis and Molecular Characterization of a Little Known Soil Ciliate, Oxytricha nauplia Berger et Foissner, 1987 (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida)

Fig. 7. Drawings (A–C) and photomicrographs (D–G) of original population of Oxytricha nauplia after protargol staining. (A) Ventral ciliature (redrawing from the holotype). (B, C) Ventral (B) and dorsal (C) views of the holotype from Berger (1999), arrowhead shows a misinterpreted frontoventral cirrus. (D) Ventral ciliature of the holotype. (E) Magnification of frontoventral cirri of the holotype. (F) Ventral view of the anterior portion of a paratype, to show the arrangement of frontoventral cirri. (G) Dorsal view of the right portion of another paratype, to show dorsal kineties 5 and 6.

Fig. 4 in Integrative Studies on the Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny of a Soil Ciliate, Parakahliella macrostoma (Foissner, 1982) Berger et al., 1985 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of Parakahliella macrostoma pop.2 from life (A–E) and after protargol staining (F–J). (A) ventral view of typical individual. (B, C) ventral views of the anterior portion showing adoral zone of membranelles in B and contractile vacuole in C. (D) a different individual under the polarizing microscope (POL) showing the crystals in the cytoplasm. (E) lateral view in vivo. (F) anterior body portion in ventral view; dotted ellipses indicate the buccal and parabuccal cirri; also showing the frontal cirri, endoral, paroral, and adoral zone of membranelles. (G) a part of body in ventral view, arrow indicates the left frontoventral row, arrowhead marks the right frontoventral row. (H) dorsal view of the posterior portion showing caudal cirri. (I) body portion in dorsal view showing macronuclear nodules, arrowheads mark the dorsal kineties. (J) anterior body portion in dorsal view showing dorsal kineties. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; CC, caudal cirri; CV, contractile vacuole; E, endoral; FC, frontal cirri; Ma, macronuclear nodules; P, paroral; PBC, parabuccal cirri; 1–5, dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 80 μm in A, 60 μm in D, E and 30 μm in F.

Fig. 3 in Integrative Studies on the Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny of a Soil Ciliate, Parakahliella macrostoma (Foissner, 1982) Berger et al., 1985 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of Parakahliella macrostoma pop.1 from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–M). (A) ventral view of a representative specimen. (B, C) ventral views of a different individuals in B and food vacuoles (arrowheads). (D) lateral view in vivo. (E, F) body portion in ventral views showing adoral zone of membranelles and contractile vacuole position. (G) detail of crystals (arrowheads) in the cytoplasm. (H) anterior body portion in ventral view showing adoral zone of membranelles. (I) anterior body in ventral view showing macronuclear nodules. (J) dorsal view of anterior body portion showing the dorsal kineties. (K–M) ventral and dorsal views of a mid-stage divide. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CV, contractile vacuole; Ma, macronuclear nodules; 1–5, dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 130 μm in A, H and 20 μm in F.

Fig. 6 in Integrative Studies on the Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny of a Soil Ciliate, Parakahliella macrostoma (Foissner, 1982) Berger et al., 1985 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

Fig. 6. Late dividers of Parakahliella macrostoma pop.2, after protargol staining. (A–D) late divider, arrows mark the newly formed left frontoventral row and arrowheads indicate the newly formed right frontoventral row (A, C); arrowheads mark the newly formed caudal cirri (B, D); short lines connect buccal cirri, dotted ellipses indicate the parabuccal cirri; asterisks mark the additional frontoventral streak (A, C). DKA, dorsal kineties anlagen; LMA, left marginal anlagen; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; RMA, right marginal anlagen; 1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen. Scale bars: 120 μm.

Fig. 5 in Integrative Studies on the Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny of a Soil Ciliate, Parakahliella macrostoma (Foissner, 1982) Berger et al., 1985 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)

Fig. 5. Morphogenesis in Parakahliella macrostoma pop.2 from early to late stages (after protargol staining). (A) early divider, showing the oral primordium. (B–G) middle divider. (H, I) late divider. Arrows in (B) mark the left marginal anlagen; arrows point to the left frontoventral row primordia (D, F, H), arrowheads indicate the right frontoventral row primordia (D, F, H) and the newly formed caudal cirri (E, G, I); short lines connect buccal cirri (F, H), dotted ellipses indicate the parabuccal cirri (F, H); asterisks mark the additional frontoventral streaks (D, F, H). DKA, dorsal kineties anlagen; LMA, left marginal anlagen; Ma, macronuclear nodules; Mi, micronuclei; OP, oral primordium; RMA, right marginal anlagen; UMA, undulating membrane anlage; 1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen. Scale bars: 100 μm in A, D, E and 120 μm in F–I.

Fig. 2 in Morphology and Sequence Data of Mexican Populations of the Ciliate Parasite of Marine Fishes Trichodina rectuncinata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae)

Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of silver-impregnated adhesive discs and diagrammatic drawings of the denticles of respective morphotypes studied in the present paper; a and a'. From Enneanectes reticulatus, San Carlos, Sonora. b and b'. From Enneanectes reticulatus, San Carlos, Sonora. c and c'. From Tomicodon zebra, Zihuatanejo, Guerrero. d and d'. From Tomicodon zebra, Cuatunalco, Oaxaca.

Fig. 3 in Morphology and Sequence Data of Mexican Populations of the Ciliate Parasite of Marine Fishes Trichodina rectuncinata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae)

Fig. 3. Bayesian inference tree of sequences of the 18S gene of trichodinid species of the genus Trichodina and Trichodinella, emphasizing on Trichodina rectuncinata. Numbers near internal nodes show the support value. Codes: ♦ Cuatunalco; * Zihuatanejo; ● San Carlos.

Fig. 1 in Morphology and Sequence Data of Mexican Populations of the Ciliate Parasite of Marine Fishes Trichodina rectuncinata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae)

Fig. 1. Map showing the location of Mexico, and localities where populations of Trichodina rectuncinata were obtained.

Fig. 6 in Morphology of Three Aloricate Choreotrich ciliates, Including Description of a New Species Parastrombidinopsis costalis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Choreotrichia), and phylogeny of the genus Parastrombidinopsis

Fig. 6. Drawings and photomicrographs of Parastrombidinopsis minima from life (A, E–G) and after protargol staining (B–D, H–M). (A, F, G) Views of three individuals showing the body shape. (B, C) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen showing the ciliature. (D, H, I) Detail of collar membranelles; the arrows mark the ventral gap. (E) From Tsai et al. (2008). (J) Somatic ciliature. (K) An early divider; arrowhead marks the oral primordium. (L, M) Ventral and dorsal views of same specimen showing the ciliature. CM, collar membranelles; E, endoral membrane; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: 25 μm.

Fig. 7 in Morphology of Three Aloricate Choreotrich ciliates, Including Description of a New Species Parastrombidinopsis costalis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Choreotrichia), and phylogeny of the genus Parastrombidinopsis

Fig. 7. Bayesian-Inference tree inferred from SSU rRNA gene sequences, indicating the polygenetic positions of species of the genus Parastrombidinopsis. Numbers at the nodes represent support values in the following order: BI posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap values. Disagreements in topology between the BI and ML trees are indicated by a hyphen. Nodes that were well supported (1.00 BI; 100% ML) are represented by filled circles. Bar = 5 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. Species sequenced in the present study are shown in bold type.

Fig. 4 in Morphology of Three Aloricate Choreotrich ciliates, Including Description of a New Species Parastrombidinopsis costalis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Choreotrichia), and phylogeny of the genus Parastrombidinopsis

Fig. 4. Parastrombidinopsis pelagica (Fauré-Fremiet, 1924) comb. n. from life (A–D, F) and after protargol staining (E, G–I). (A, B) Ventral views of two individuals. (C) Swimming pattern. (D) Different individuals to show the variations in body shape. (E) Detail of oral membranelles. (F) From Fauré-Fremiet (1924). (G, H) Ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen showing the ciliature. (I) Lateral view of a specimen. CM, collar membranelles; Ma, macronucleus; Mi, micronucleus; SK, somatic kinety. Scale bars: 50 μm.