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1,085 results for “Ciliophora”
Figs 3A–M in Morphology of Two Novel Species of Chaenea (Ciliophora, Litostomatea): Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. and C. sinica spec. nov.
Figs 3A–M. Morphology of some closely-related congeners of Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. and Chaenea sinica spec. nov. A–D – C. teres (from Petz et al., 1995), general view of living cell (A), overview of ciliary pattern (B), detail of ciliary pattern in anterior body end (C), surface view showing cortical granulation (D); E – C. simulans (from Kahl, 1930); F – C. robusta (from Kahl, 1930) G, H – Chaenea sp. (from Petz et al., 1995), detail of ciliary pattern in anterior body (G), overview of ciliary pattern (H); I–K – C. stricta (from Foissner, 1984), detail of ciliary pattern in anterior body (I), general view (J), overview of ciliary pattern (K); L, M – C. vorax (from Song and Packroff, 1997), general view (L), overview of ciliary pattern (M). B – dorsal brush, B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CG – cortical granules, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, Ma – macronuclei, OB – oral bulge, SK – somatic kinety. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, H, L), 50 µm (B, J, K, M), 150 µm (E, F).
Figs 5A–N in Morphology of Two Novel Species of Chaenea (Ciliophora, Litostomatea): Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. and C. sinica spec. nov.
Figs 5A–N. Chaenea sinica spec. nov. in vivo (A–G) and after protargol impregnation (H–N). A, B – typical individuals; C–E – contracted and twisted cells; F, G – rod-shaped extrusomes attached to oral bulge (F) and scattered in cytoplasm (G); H–J – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and nematodesmata; K – middle part of body, showing somatic kineties; L – anterior body end, arrowheads denote the extruded extrusomes outside the oral bulge; M – anterior body end, arrowhead marks cilia of the dorsal brush; N – many scattered macronuclear nodules throughout cytoplasm (arrowheads). B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusome, N – nematodesmata, SK – somatic kinety. Scales bars: 100 µm.
Figs 1A–G in Morphology of Two Novel Species of Chaenea (Ciliophora, Litostomatea): Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. and C. sinica spec. nov.
Figs 1A–G. Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. in vivo (A, B, D) and after staining with protargol (C, E–G). A – a naturally extended individual, noting rod-shaped extrusomes scattered in cell; B – anterior body end to show oral bulge and the extrusomes attached to it; C – ciliary pattern of anterior end marking circumoral kinety and dorsal brush rows 1–4; D – a contracted individual, noting oral bulge, food vacuole and contractile vacuole; E, F – ciliary pattern of ventral (E) and dorsal (F) side of holotype specimen, indicating the circumoral kinety, dorsal brush rows 1–4, and somatic kineties; G – distribution of macronuclei and extrusomes. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, FV – food vacuole, Ma – macronuclei, OB – oral bulge, SK – somatic kinety. Scale bars: 50 µm.
Figs 2A–I in A New Marine Cyrtophorid Ciliate, Dysteria nabia nov. spec. (Ciliophora: Phyllopharyngea: Cyrtophorida: Dysteriidae), from South Korea
Figs 2A–I. Photomicrographs of living specimens of Dysteria nabia nov. spec. A, B – left lateral view of two typical individuals, arrows in (A) and (B) indicate the cytopharyngeal rod and podite, respectively, arrowheads indicate the groove on the left plate; C – left lateral view of an elongate specimen, arrow indicates the equatorial transverse stripe and arrowhead the groove on the left plate; D – left side view, arrow indicates the equatorial transverse stripe and arrowhead the complex teeth; E – left side view, arrow indicates the contractile vacuole pore and arrowhead the glandule; F – right kineties of the posterior portion, arrowheads indicate the innermost right kinety; G – left side view, arrow indicates the contractile vacuole pore and arrowhead the left kineties; H–I – left side view, arrowheads in (H) and (I) indicate the contractile vacuole pore and protuberances on the margins of the right kineties, respectively. Ma – macronucleus. Scale bars: 50 μm.
Figs 7A–I. Notohymena australis from life. A, G in Two Oxytrichids from the Ancient Lake Biwa, Japan, with Notes on Morphogenesis of Notohymena australis (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida)
Figs 7A–I. Notohymena australis from life. A, G – ventral view of the same cell, showing flexible body, contractile vacuole, ingested algae (arrow) and macronuclear nodules; B, C, D – ventral view of individuals in different states, showing hooked anterior end of peristomial lip (arrow); E, I – view of portion of cell, showing the arrangement of yellow-greenish cortical granules, and dorsal cilia (arrows in E and arrowheads in I); F – macronuclear nodules, micronuclei (arrows) and cortical granules (arrowheads); H – dorsal view of a curved cell, showing cortical granules grouped in lines. CV – contractile vacuole, Ma – macronuclear nodule, TC – transverse cirri. Scale bars: 40 μm.
Figs 2A–P in Morphology of Two Novel Species of Chaenea (Ciliophora, Litostomatea): Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. and C. sinica spec. nov.
Figs 2A–P. Chaenea paucistriata spec. nov. in vivo (A–K) and after protargol impregnation (L–P). A–C – different body shapes; D – anterior body end to show the oral bulge; E, F – fine structure of anterior end to show rod-shaped extrusomes, arrowhead indicating cilia of the dorsal brush; G – dividing cell, showing cortical furrows along somatic kineties; H, I – typical individual, indicating contractile vacuole; J – cortical granules between somatic kineties (arrowheads); K – fine structure of the mid-body to show cytoplasmic granules and rodshaped extrusomes (arrowheads); L–N – ciliary pattern of anterior body end, showing circumoral kinety narrowly spaces oralized somatic monokinetids (arrowheads), and dorsal brush rows 1–4; O – ciliary pattern in mid-body and many scattered macronuclei; P – overview showing circumoral kinety and somatic kineties. B1–4 – dorsal brush rows 1–4, CK – circumoral kinety, CV – contractile vacuole, E – extrusomes, Ma – macronuclei, OB – oral bulge, SK – somatic kinety. Scale bars: 90 µm (A–C, H, I), 70 µm (P).
Figs 5A–G. Notohymena australis after protargol impregnation. A in Two Oxytrichids from the Ancient Lake Biwa, Japan, with Notes on Morphogenesis of Notohymena australis (Ciliophora, Sporadotrichida)
Figs 5A–G. Notohymena australis after protargol impregnation. A – ventral view of an early divider, showing oral primordium; B, C – ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same middle divider, showing the formation of frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen in proter and opisthe, and anlagen of marginal rows (arrows), dedifferentiation of anterior end of undulating membranes (arrowheads), and undulating membrane anlagen in opisthe (double-arrowhead); D, E – ventral infraciliature of two middle dividers, showing frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen beginning to organize into new cirri from anterior (arrowheads) and a small anlage separating from anterior right end of undulating membrane anlagen (arrows), insets: fused macronucleus; F, G – ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view of the same late divider, showing the formation of anlgen of dorsomarginal kineties at anterior right end of right marginal rows anlagen (arrows in F), frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen II – VI segregating into 3, 3, 3, 4 and 4 cirri, the leftmost frontal cirrus originated from undulating membranes anlagen (arrowheads), and development of dorsal kinety anlagen (arrows in G). 1–4 – dorsal kinety 1–4, LMA – anlage of left marginal row, OP – oral primordium, RMA – anlagen of right marginal row. Scale bars: 40 μm.
Figs 1A–F in A New Marine Cyrtophorid Ciliate, Dysteria nabia nov. spec. (Ciliophora: Phyllopharyngea: Cyrtophorida: Dysteriidae), from South Korea
Figs 1A–F. Morphology of Dysteria nabia nov. spec. from life (A, B), after protargol (C–E), and silver nitrate impregnation (F). The hapantotype (A–E) and paratype (F) specimens were investigated. A, B – left side view of two individuals with differing body size and shape; C, D – left side view showing the infraciliature, arrowheads indicate the kinetosome-like granules at the base of the podite; E – left side view of late-stage divider, showing the anlagen for the left kineties (arrows), the contractile vacuole pores (arrowheads), and the anlagen for terminal fragments in the opisthe (double-headed arrow); F – left side view showing the silverline system, arrowhead indicates the equatorial transverse stripe. Co – circumoral kineties, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, EF – equatorial fragment, Lf – left frontal kineties, LK – left kineties, Ma – macronucleus, P – podite, Pr – preoral kineties, RK – right kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 40 μm.
Figs 2A, B in Systematic Analyses of the Genus Architricha and Pleurotricha curdsi (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), with Redescriptions of Their Morphology
Figs 2A, B. Line drawings of protagol stained cells of Architricha indica during early stages of reorganization. A, B – ventral views, showing the formation of the oral primordium, I–V anlagen for the frontal-ventral-transverse cirri, and appearance of undulating membranes anlage, arrowheads in (B) indicate anlagen of dorsal kineties. FC – frontal cirri, FVC – frontal ventral cirri, I–V – frontoventraltransverse cirral anlagen I–V, OP – oral primordium, PVC – postoral ventral cirri, UMA – undulating membranes anlage. Scale bar: 50 μm.
Figs 1−13. Ancistrum haliotis n in Two New and Two Poorly Known Species of Ancistrum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia, Thigmotrichida) Parasitizing Marine Molluscs from Chinese Coastal Waters of the Yellow Sea
Figs 1−13. Ancistrum haliotis n. sp. from the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino (1–5), Ancistrum mytili (Quennerstedt, 1867) from the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (6, after Kidder 1933) and the horse mussel Modiolus modiolus (7, after Hatzidimitriou and Berger 1977) and Ancistrum crassum Fenchel, 1965 from the purple clam Saxidomus purpuratus (Sowerby) (8–11) and from the short-necked clam Ruditapes philippinarum (12, 13, after Xu et al. 1997), from life (1, 2, 6, 8) and after protargol (3–5, 9, 10, 12, 13) and silver nitrate impregnation (7, 11). 1 – left lateral view of a representative specimen; 2, 3 – ventral view to show the oral structure; 4, 5 – left and right lateral view of the holotype specimen; 6, 7 – lateral and ventral view of A. mytili, which possesses a characteristic reniform macronucleus and a broad buccal field; 8 – left lateral view of body variants; 9–13 – lateral and ventral view of three specimens to show the ciliary pattern. CCo – caudal complex; CyP – cytoproct; M1–3 – membranelles 1–3; MA – macronucleus; MI – micronucleus; PM – paroral membrane; Sc – scutica; SK1, n – somatic kineties 1, n. Scale bars: 30 µm (4, 5 and 7, 9–13 drawn to scale).
Fig. 5 in Morphological and Morphogenetic Redescriptions and SSU rRNA Gene-based Phylogeny of the Poorly-known Species Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 (Ciliophora, Euplotida)
Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree based on SSU rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of Euplotes amieti (arrow) by Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). Numbers near branches denote ML bootstrap value/BI posterior probability value. '–' indicates topologies that differ between the ML and BI phylogenies. Fully supported (100%/1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. All branches are drawn to scale. The scale bar corresponds to 5 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. GenBank accession numbers are given for each species. Systematic classification is mainly according to Lynn (2008). Euplotid clades I–VI were designated according to Yi et al. (2009).
Figs 3A–F in Systematic Analyses of the Genus Architricha and Pleurotricha curdsi (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), with Redescriptions of Their Morphology
Figs 3A–F. Photomicrographs of protagol stained cells of Architricha indica during regenerative (A–C) and morphogenetic stages (D–F). A, B – ventral (A) and detailed dorsal (B) view of cell during early stage of reorganization, showing the formation of oral primordium (OP), the frontoventral-transverse cirral (FVT) anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads); C – anterior part of ventral side of another regenerating cell, showing the anlage V arose from the cirrus IV/2 (arrowhead); D – ventral view, showing the six streaks of FVT anlagen; E, F – ventral (E) and dorsal (F) detailed view, showing the FVT anlagen dividing into fragments, the dedifferentiation of parental undulating membranes and the origin of multiple marginal rows in (E) and showing the anlagen for dorsal kineties in (F), arrowheads showing the new frontal cirri that came from the undulating membranes anlage. DKA – dorsal kinety anlagen, FVTA – frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, I–V – FVT I to V, LMA – left marginal row anlagen, OP – oral primordium, RMA – right marginal anlagen, UMA – undulating membranes anlage. Scale bars: 50 μm.
Figs 14–25. Ancistrum acutum n in Two New and Two Poorly Known Species of Ancistrum (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia, Thigmotrichida) Parasitizing Marine Molluscs from Chinese Coastal Waters of the Yellow Sea
Figs 14–25. Ancistrum acutum n. sp. from the surf clam Mactra veneriformis (14–17) and Ancistrum japonicum Uyemura, 1937 from the Japanese dosinia Dosinia japonica (18, 19, 21, 22) and the clam Cyclina sinensis (20, 23–25), from life (14, 15, 18–20) and after protargol (23–25) and silver nitrate impregnation (16, 17, 21, 22). 14 – left lateral view of a representative specimen; 15 – body variant and cortical granules; 16, 17 – ventral and dorsal view of the holotype specimen; 18, 19 – lateral view of living cells; 20 – lateral view of a representative specimen; 21, 22 – lateral view of same specimen; 23 – ventral ciliature; 24, 25 – lateral view of the neotype specimen. CCo – caudal complex; Cs – cytostome; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; M1–3 – membranelles 1–3; MA – macronucleus; MI – micronucleus; PM – paroral membrane; Sc – scutica; SK1, n – somatic kineties 1, n. Scale bars: 30 µm.
Fig. 4 in Morphological, Developmental, and Ecological Characteristics of the Suctorian Ciliate Ephelota gigantea (Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea, Ephelotidae) Found on Cultured Wakame Seaweed in Northeastern Japan
Fig. 4. Morphometric characteristics of Ephelota gigantea collected from cultured wakame in the coastal area of Fudai in 2010 (n = 100). Vertical bars represent ± 1 SD. Different letters above the columns indicate significant differences for each body part measured.
Fig. 1. Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 in Morphological and Morphogenetic Redescriptions and SSU rRNA Gene-based Phylogeny of the Poorly-known Species Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 (Ciliophora, Euplotida)
Fig. 1. Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 in vivo (A), after protargol (B–D) and silver nitrate (E, F) impregnation. (A) Ventral view of a representative cell. Arrows indicate caudal cirri. (B) Different shapes of macronucleus. (C, D) Ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view, showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. Arrow shows the sigmoidal adoral zone. (E, F) Silverline system on ventral (E) and dorsal side (F). Arrow shows the sigmoidal adoral zone. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cirri; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri; PM, paroral membrane; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 100 μm.
Fig. 6 in Systematic Analyses of the Genus Architricha and Pleurotricha curdsi (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), with Redescriptions of Their Morphology
Fig. 6. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from SSU rRNA gene sequences, showing the position of Architricha indica and Pleurotricha curdsi (bold). Newly sequenced species are marked by arrows. Nodal support for branches in the ML and BI trees are marked in order. "*" indicates bootstrap value disagreement between the ML tree and the reference BI tree at a given node. Black circles indicate full support in all analyses. Bar, 2 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions. Parabirojimia similis and Parabirojimia multinucleata are the out group taxa.
Figs 3a–d in Morphological, Developmental, and Ecological Characteristics of the Suctorian Ciliate Ephelota gigantea (Ciliophora, Phyllopharyngea, Ephelotidae) Found on Cultured Wakame Seaweed in Northeastern Japan
Figs 3a–d. Temporal change in biological characteristics of Ephelota gigantea. a – attached density. Vertical bars represent ± 1 SE; b – percentage of cells infected by the parasite; c – percentage of budding cells; d – seasonal change of surface water temperature in the coastal area of Noda, Iwate Prefecture from late March to late June, 2010.
Fig. 4 in Morphological and Morphogenetic Redescriptions and SSU rRNA Gene-based Phylogeny of the Poorly-known Species Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 (Ciliophora, Euplotida)
Fig. 4. Photomicrographs of Euplotes amieti during morphogenesis after protargol impregnation. (A) Ventral view of a middle divider showing the migration of cirri and the division of the macronucleus. (B, C) Ventral view of an early divider demonstrating two sets of frontal-ventral-transverse cirral streaks (arrowheads) and the oral primordium in opisthe (arrow). (D) To show new cirri derived from the frontal-ventral-transverse cirral anlagen. (E) Ventral view, arrows point to the paroral membrane (PM) in the proter and the development of the PM-anlage in the opisthe; arrowhead indicates the frontal cirrus I/1 in the opisthe formed de novo. (F) Ventral view, indicating the marginal anlagen of the proter (arrow) and the opisthe (arrowhead). (G) Arrowheads showing the dorsal kinety anlage of an early divider. (H) Portion of the ventral view, showing the marginal cirri in the proter (arrow) and the opisthe (arrowhead). (I) Dorsal view, arrowheads indicating the development of the dorsal kinety anlage. (J) Portion of the dorsal view, to show the newly formed caudal cirri in the proter (arrowheads). Scale bars: 100 μm.
Figs 5A–N in Systematic Analyses of the Genus Architricha and Pleurotricha curdsi (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), with Redescriptions of Their Morphology
Figs 5A–N. Photomicrographs of Pleurotricha curdsi from life (A–G) and after protargol staining (H–N). A – a typical individual showing body shape and color; B, C – ventral (B) and dorsal (C) view, showing the food granules (arrowheads), arrow in (B) indicates the cytostome, arrow in (C) marks the collar part of adoral zone of membranelles (AZM) on the dorsal side; D – anterior part, to show the AZM; E – anterior part of dorsal side, to show the AZM in the back collar (arrowhead); F – posterior portion, to show the tapered posterior end (arrow); G – showing the contractile vacuole (arrow) and cilia of dorsal kinety (arrowhead); H – ventral view to show the single left marginal and two right marginal cirri rows; I – to show the cirri in frontal area, noting this specimen owning five frontal ventral cirri and three frontal cirri; J – postoral ventral cirri and pretransverse and cirri; K – transverse cirri; L – caudal cirri (arrowheads); M – anterior part of dorsal kineties; N – macronuclei and micronuclei (arrowheads). BC – buccal cirrus, FC – frontal cirri, FVC – frontal ventral cirri, LMR – left marginal row, Ma – macronucleus, PTVC – pretransverse ventral cirri, PVC – postoral ventral cirri, RMR 1, 2 – right marginal row 1 and 2, TC – transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm.
Fig. 3 in Morphological and Morphogenetic Redescriptions and SSU rRNA Gene-based Phylogeny of the Poorly-known Species Euplotes amieti Dragesco, 1970 (Ciliophora, Euplotida)
Fig. 3. Morphogenesis of Euplotes amieti after protargol impregnation. (A, B) Ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view of the same specimen at an early stage to show the five frontal-ventral-transverse cirral streaks and oral primordium within which membranelles are forming (arrow). (C, D) Ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of the same specimen at a middle stage to show the completion of the cirral formation, the differen- tiation of caudal cirri at posterior ends of the two rightmost dorsal anlagen (arrowheads), the de novo formation of the new marginal cirri and the frontal cirrus I/1 in both proter and opisthe (arrows). (E, F) Ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view, showing the migration of newly formed cirri and the development of dorsal kineties, arrowheads show the marginal cirri. (G, H) Ventral (G) and dorsal (H) side of the same divider at a late stage showing infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. Scale bars: A–D = 100 μm; E–H = 150 μm.
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