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287 results for “Danio”
Diet and temperature modify the relationship between energy use and ATP production to influence behaviour in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
<p>Food availability and temperature influence energetics of animals, and can alter behavioural responses such as foraging and spontaneous activity. Food availability, however, is not necessarily a good indictator of energy (ATP) available for cellular processes. The efficiency of energy transduction from food-derived substrate to ATP in mitochondria can change with environmental context. Our aim was to determine whether the interaction between food availability and temperature affects mitochondrial efficiency and behaviour in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We conducted a fully factorial experiment to test the effects of feeding frequency, acclimation temperature (three weeks to 18 or 28°C), and acute test temperature (18 and 28°C) on whole-animal oxygen consumption, mitochondrial bioenergetics and efficiency (ADP consumed per oxygen atom; P:O ratio), and behaviour (boldness and exploration). We show that infrequently fed (once per day on four days per week) zebrafish have greater mitochondrial efficiency than frequently fed (three times per day on five days er week) animals, particularly when warm-acclimated. The interaction between temperature and feeding frequency influenced exploration of a novel environment, but not boldness. Both resting rate of producing ATP and scope for increasing it were positively correlated with time spent exploring and distance moved in standardised trials. In contrast, behaviour was not associated with whole-animal aerobic (oxygen consumption) scope, but exploration was positively correlated with resting oxygen consumption rates. We highlight the importance of variation in both metabolic (oxygen consumption) rate and efficiency of producing ATP in determining animal performance and behaviour. Oxygen consumption represents energy use, and P:O ratio is a variable that determines how much of that energy is allocated to ATP production. Our results emphasise the need to integrate whole-animal responses with subcellular traits to evaluate the impact of environmental conditions on behaviour and movement. --</p>
The effects of exploratory behavior on physical activity in a common animal model of human disease, zebrafish (Danio rerio)
<p>Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are widely accepted as a multidisciplinary vertebrate model for neurobehavioral and clinical studies, and more recently have become established as a model for exercise physiology and behavior. Individual differences in activity level (e.g., exploration) have been characterized in zebrafish, however, how different levels of exploration correspond to differences in motivation to engage in swimming behavior has not yet been explored. We screened individual zebrafish in two tests of exploration: the open field and novel tank diving tests. The fish were then exposed to a tank in which they could choose to enter a compartment with a flow of water (as a means of testing voluntary motivation to exercise). After a 2-day habituation period, behavioral observations were conducted. We used correlative analyses to investigate the robustness of the different exploration tests. Due to the complexity of dependent behavioral variables, we used machine learning to determine the personality variables that were best at predicting swimming behavior. Our results show that contrary to our predictions, the correlation between novel tank diving test variables and open field test variables was relatively weak. Novel tank diving variables were more correlated with themselves than open field variables were to each other. Males exhibited stronger relationships between behavioral variables than did females. In terms of swimming behavior, fish that spent more time in the swimming zone spent more time actively swimming, however, swimming behavior was inconsistent across the time of the study. All relationships between swimming variables and exploration tests were relatively weak, though novel tank diving test variables had stronger correlations. Machine learning showed that three novel tank diving variables (entries top/bottom, movement rate, average top entry duration) and one open field variable (proportion of time spent frozen) were the best predictors of swimming behavior, demonstrating that the novel tank diving test is a powerful tool to investigate exploration. Increased knowledge about how individual differences in exploration may play a role in swimming behavior in zebrafish is fundamental to their utility as a model of exercise physiology and behavior.</p>
Datasets for the manuscript: "Metabolic disruption of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos by bisphenol A. An integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic approach"
<h1>Metabolomics datasets for the manuscript: Metabolic disruption of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos by bisphenol A. An integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic approach</h1> <h2><em>Instrumental conditions</em></h2> <p>LC-MS analyses were carried out using an Agilent Infinity 1200 series LC system coupled with an orthogonal G1385-44300 interface (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) to a 6220 oa-TOF LC/MS mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies). LC control and separation data acquisition were performed using ChemStation software (Agilent Technologies) that was running in combination with the MassHunter workstation software (Agilent Technologies) for control and data acquisition of the TOF mass spectrometer. For the chromatographic separations, an HILIC TSK Gel Amide-80 column (250 mm length, 2.1 mm inner diameter and 5 μm particle size, Tosoh Bioscience, Tokyo, Japan) was used at 25 °C with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.15 mL·min<sup>−1</sup>. Elution gradient was performed using solvent A (acetonitrile) and solvent B (5 mM of ammonium acetate adjusted to pH 5.5 with acetic acid) as follows: 0–8 min, linear gradient from 25 to 30% B; 8–12 min, from 30 to 60% B; 12–17 min, 60% B; 17–20 min, back linearly from 60% to 25% B; and from 20 to 27 min, 25% B. Solvents were degassed for 15 min by sonication before use. Sample injection was performed with an autosampler at 4 °C, and the injection volume was 5 μL. All samples (six replicates per treatment: control, 4.4 μM BPA, 8.8 μM BPA and 17.5 μM BPA) were randomly injected. Several blank samples and calibration standards were also randomly injected to further assess the stability of the instrument among runs.</p> <p>The TOF mass spectrometer operated both in positive and negative mode using the following parameters: capillary voltage 4000 V, drying gas temperature 350 °C, drying gas flow rate 8 L·min<sup>−1</sup>, nebulizer gas 32 psi, fragmentor voltage 150 V, skimmer voltage 65 V and OCT 1 RF Vpp voltage 300 V. Data were collected in profile mode at 1 spectrum/s (approximately 10 000 transients/spectrum) with an <em>m/z</em> range of 85–1000 working in the extended dynamic range mode (2 GHz) with the mass range set to standard.</p> <h2><em>List of files</em></h2> <h3>Negative ionization</h3> <ul> <li>Control x 12 samples - 6 x 2 replicates</li> <li>BPA 1 ppm x 12 samples - 6 x 2 replicates</li> <li>BPA 2 ppm x 12 samples - 6 x 2 replicates</li> <li>BPA 4 ppm x 12 samples - 6 x 2 replicates</li> </ul> <h3>Positive ionization</h3> <ul> <li>Control x 12 samples - 6 x 2 replicates</li> <li>BPA 1 ppm x 12 samples - 6 x 2 replicates</li> <li>BPA 2 ppm x 12 samples - 6 x 2 replicates</li> <li>BPA 4 ppm x 12 samples - 6 x 2 replicates</li> </ul>
FIGURE 4 in The "Celestial Pearl danio" is a miniature Danio (s.s) (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae): evidence from morphology and molecules
FIGURE 4. Dorsal view of upper jaws of Celestichthys margaritatus BMNH 2007.10.9.15–16, 15.2 mm SL. Cartilage grey. Abbreviations: Apal, autopalatine; Fr, frontal; IO1, infraorbital 1; LE, lateral ethmoid; KE, kinethmoid; Mx, maxilla; ME, mesethmoid; PE, preethmoid; Pmx, premaxilla; Vo, vomer.
FIGURE 1. A in The "Celestial Pearl danio" is a miniature Danio (s.s) (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae): evidence from morphology and molecules
FIGURE 1. A. Celestichthys margaritatus, adult male, photograph by Timo Moritz; B. line drawing of Celestichthys margaritatus (redrawn from Roberts, 2007: Fig. 1), male, showing principal colour pattern components (after Fang, 1998). Abbreviations: A, anal stripe; A – 1, stripe distal to anal stripe; D, submarginal stripe on dorsal fin; P + 1, stripe dorsal to primary stripe; P – 1, stripe ventral to primary stripe.
FIGURE 5. Celestichthys margaritatus BMNH 2007.10.9.15–16, 15.2 in The "Celestial Pearl danio" is a miniature Danio (s.s) (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae): evidence from morphology and molecules
FIGURE 5. Celestichthys margaritatus BMNH 2007.10.9.15–16, 15.2 mm SL. A. hyoid arch right side, lateral view (image reversed); B. urohyal, left side, lateral view (above) and ventral view (below); C. dorsal gill-arch endoskeleton, right side, dorsal view; D. ventral gill-arch endoskeleton, dorsal view, gill rakers shown on left side only. Cartilage grey. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Bb 1–3, basibranchial 1–3; Bh, basihyal; Br, branchiostegal rays; Cb 1–5, ceratobranchial 1–5; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Eb1–4, epibranchial 1–4; Eb5C, epibranchial 5 cartilage; Hb1C, hypobranchial 1 cartilage; Hb2–3, hypobranchial 2, 3; IhC, interhyal cartilage; Lev, levator process; Pb2–3, pharyngobranchial 2–3; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; PC; posterior copula cartilage; Uh, urohyal; VHh, ventral hypohyal.
FIGURE 11 in The "Celestial Pearl danio" is a miniature Danio (s.s) (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae): evidence from morphology and molecules
FIGURE 11. Phylogenetic trees obtained from different analytical methods used in this study based on RAG1 gene sequences (1,494 bp), depicting relationships among the taxa from the Rasborinae and its cyprinid allies. Tree based on Maximum-Likelihood (ML) analysis is shown on the left. The branch length is proportional to inferred character substitutions under GTR+G model. Strict consensus tree from 20 equally parsimonious trees (tree length of 2,546) resulting from the Maximum Parsimony (MP) analysis is presented on the right. Numbers on the branches of topology present ML bootstraps (left) and MP bootstraps (right) respectively. Values below 50% are not shown. Bold branches at left topology indicate that the resulting a posteriori probabilities from partitioned Bayesian analysis are equal to or higher than 0.95. The targeted taxon in this study, Celestichthys margaritatus, is marked in bold. * indicates taxa with miniature adult body size (26 mm SL or below; sensu Weitzman & Vari, 1988).
FIGURE 8. Celestichthys margaritatus BMNH 2007.10.9.15–16, 15.2 in The "Celestial Pearl danio" is a miniature Danio (s.s) (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae): evidence from morphology and molecules
FIGURE 8. Celestichthys margaritatus BMNH 2007.10.9.15–16, 15.2 mm SL. A. mid-region of vertebral column, dorsal and anal fin skeleton, lateral view, left side; B. pelvic skeleton, ventral view; C. caudal skeleton, lateral view, left side. Cartilage grey. Abbreviations: AFS, anal fin style; Bp, basipterygium; CC, compound centrum; DFS, dorsal fin style; Dr, distal radial; DrC, distal radial cartilage; Epl, epipleural; Epn, epineural; Ep, epural; Ha, hemal arch; Hs, hemal spine; H1–5, hypural 1–5; Na, neural arch; Ns, neural spine; P, parapophyses; Ph, parhypural; Pls, pleurostyle; PU2, 3, Preural centra 2, 3; Pr, pelvic radial; PrC, pelvic radial cartilage; Ps, pelvic splint; P-Mr, proximal-middle radial; R, fin ray; S, supernumerary ray; V13, 24, 28, 13th, 24th or 28th vertebral centrum; 13–14r, rib of 13th or 14th vertebral centrum.
FIGURE 3. Celestichthys margaritatus BMNH 2007.10.9.15–16, 15.2 in The "Celestial Pearl danio" is a miniature Danio (s.s) (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae): evidence from morphology and molecules
FIGURE 3. Celestichthys margaritatus BMNH 2007.10.9.15–16, 15.2 mm SL. A. hyopalatine arch and opercular series, right side lateral view (image reversed); B. hyopalatine arch and opercular series, right side, medial view. Cartilage grey. '*' indicates 'danioin notch'. Abbreviations: An, anguloarticular; Apal, autopalatine; CM, coronomeckelian; De, dentary; Ecpt, ectopterygoid; Enpt, endopterygoid; Hy, hyomandibular; Iop, interopercle; Mx, maxilla; MC, Meckel's cartilage; Mpt, metapterygoid; Op, opercle; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Sop, subopercle; Sy, symplectic.
FIGURE 2 in The "Celestial Pearl danio" is a miniature Danio (s.s) (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae): evidence from morphology and molecules
FIGURE 2. Neurocranium of Celestichthys margaritatus BMNH 2007.10.9.15–16, 15.2 mm SL. A. dorsal view; B. lateral view, left side; C. ventral view. Cartilage grey. Abbreviations: AV–VII, anterior opening of trigeminal-facial chamber; Apto, autopterotic; Asph, autosphenotic; BL, Baudelot's ligament; Boc, basioccipital; Exoc, exoccipital; Epoc, epiotic; Fr, frontal; LE, lateral ethmoid; MP, masticatory plate of the basioccipital; ME, mesethmoid; Osph, orbitosphenoid; Psph, parasphenoid; PV–VII, posterior opening of trigeminal-facial chamber; PE, prethmoid; Pro, prootic; Pt, parietal; Ptsph, pterosphenoid; SO, supraorbital; Soc, supraoccipital; STF, subtemporal fossa; Vo, vomer; FIX, foramen for glossopharyngeal nerve; FX, foramen for vagus nerve.
FIGURE 7 in The "Celestial Pearl danio" is a miniature Danio (s.s) (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae): evidence from morphology and molecules
FIGURE 7. Weberian apparatus, left side, lateral view, of: A. Celestichthys margaritatus BMNH 2007.10.9.15–16, 15.2 mm SL; B. Danio erythromicron UAIC 14166.23, 19.4 mm SL; C. Esomus metallicus BMNH 2000.6.10.8031–8258, 27.5 mm SL; D. Devario devario UMMZ 187873, 56.6 mm SL; E. Danio nigrofasciatus UAIC 14166.12, 22.2 mm SL; F. Microrasbora rubescens UAIC 14297.01, 23.7 mm SL.'*' indicates median flange on outer arm of os suspenorium. Cartilage grey. Abbreviations: Boc, basioccipital; C, claustrum; Exoc, exoccipital; I, intercalarium; Ios, inner arm of the os suspenorium; L1, lateral process of the first vertebral centrum; L2, lateral process of the second vertebral centrum; Na, neural arch; Ns, neural spine; Oos, outer arm of the os suspenorium; S, scaphium; Sn, supraneural; Sn2, 3, supraneural 2, 3; Soc, supraoccipital; T, tripus; 5r, 6r, rib of 5th or 6th vertebral centrum.
FIGURE 10 in The "Celestial Pearl danio" is a miniature Danio (s.s) (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae): evidence from morphology and molecules
FIGURE 10. Lower jaw, left side, ventrolateral view (image reversed) of: A. Celestichthys margaritatus BMNH 2007.10.9.15–16, 15.2 mm SL; B. Danio erythromicron UAIC 14166.23, 19.4 mm SL; C. Esomus metallicus BMNH 2000.6.10.8031–8258, 27.5 mm SL; D. Devario devario UMMZ 187873, 56.6 mm SL; E. Danio nigrofasciatus UAIC 14166.12, 22.2 mm SL; F. Microrasbora rubescens UAIC 14297.01, 23.7 mm SL; G. Sundadanio axelrodi ZRC 46313, 18.6 mm SL. '*' indicates lateral flange on dentary. Cartilage grey. Abbreviations: An, anguloarticular; De, dentary; Ra, retroarticular.
FIGURE 6 in The "Celestial Pearl danio" is a miniature Danio (s.s) (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae): evidence from morphology and molecules
FIGURE 6. Infraorbital series: A. Celestichthys margaritatus BMNH 2007.10.9.15–16, 15.2 mm SL, right side, lateral view, (image reversed); B. Danio erythromicron UAIC 14166.23, 19.4 mm SL, right side, lateral view, (image reversed); C. Danio nigrofasciatus UAIC 14166.12, 22.2 mm SL, left side, lateral view; D. Microrasbora rubescens UAIC 14297.01, 23.7 mm SL, right side, lateral view, (image reversed). Abbreviations: IO1–5, infraorbital 1–5.
FIGURE 9 in The "Celestial Pearl danio" is a miniature Danio (s.s) (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae): evidence from morphology and molecules
FIGURE 9. Pectoral girdle of Celestichthys margaritatus BMNH 2007.10.9.15–16, 15.2 mm SL. A. left side, lateral view; B. left side, medial view. Cartilage grey. Third to fifth unbranched pectoral fin rays damaged. Abbreviations: Cl, cleithrum; Co, coracoid; DrC, distal radial cartilage; Ms, mesocoracoid; Pr1–4, pectoral radial 1–4; Pcl, postcleithrum; Pt, posttemporal; R, fin ray; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum.
FIGURE 7 in Danio annulosus, a new species of chain Danio from the Shuvolong Falls in Bangladesh (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Danioninae)
FIGURE 7. Bayesian majority-rule tree from analysis of mitochondrial COI DNA data from danionine outgroup, chain danios and D. meghalayensis. Values at nodes indicate Bayesian posterior probability estimates. Branch lengths are proportional to number of expected substitutions per site. HT indicates holotype of Danio annulosus. Sequences labeled with DU or NRM museum catalog number, except sequences from Collins et al. (2010), prefixed with RC, and sequences from GenBank with other identifiers. In-group taxon names are colour coded according to geographic occurrence.
FIGURE 1 in Danio annulosus, a new species of chain Danio from the Shuvolong Falls in Bangladesh (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Danioninae)
FIGURE 1. Danio annulosus: a, holotype, DU 50001, 71.5 mm SL, probable female; preserved in 95 % ethanol; b, paratype, NRM 67114, male, 68.2 mm SL, fixed in formalin; c, paratype, NRM 67114, probable female, 56.0 mm SL, fixed in formalin. All from Bangladesh, Kaptai Lake, Shuvolong Falls.
FIGURE 3 in Danio annulosus, a new species of chain Danio from the Shuvolong Falls in Bangladesh (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Danioninae)
FIGURE 3. Collecting sites of chain danios and Danio meghalayensis; modified from Kullander (2015), with Danio annulosus added.
FIGURE 6 in Danio annulosus, a new species of chain Danio from the Shuvolong Falls in Bangladesh (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Danioninae)
FIGURE 6. Comparative morphometry of Danio annulosus. a–c, pectoral-fin, pelvic-fin and maxillary barbel lengths as percent of SL, plotted against SL, in chain danios; d, Plot of scores of sheared Principal Component 3 against sheared Principal Component 2 from pooled measurements of all species of Danio with complete lateral line.
FIGURE 2 in Danio annulosus, a new species of chain Danio from the Shuvolong Falls in Bangladesh (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Danioninae)
FIGURE 2. Ventral aspect of a, Danio annulosus, NRM 67114, 68.2 mm SL, with unusually long pectoral fins; b, Danio concatenatus (BMNH 2011.3.24.50, 61.1 mm SL), to show difference in produced pectoral and pelvic fins between D. annulosus (pectoral fin reaching base of pelvic fin or shorter; pelvic fin not reaching vent) and other chain danios (pectoral fin reaching beyond base of pelvic fin; pelvic fin reaching vent).
FIGURE 5 in Danio annulosus, a new species of chain Danio from the Shuvolong Falls in Bangladesh (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Danioninae)
FIGURE 5. Type locality of Danio annulosus, close up of pool at foot of the waterfall where the type series was sampled.
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