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1,542 results for “Degradation”
Histological analyses data for: Multinucleated giant cells are hallmarks of ovarian aging with unique immune and degradation-associated molecular signatures
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Data from: Dietary resilience of coral reef fishes to habitat degradation
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Active restoration fosters better recovery of tropical rainforest birds than natural regeneration in degraded forest fragments
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Fecal microbiota degradation over time in ex situ Namibian Cheetahs (Part 1 of 2)
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Data from: Forest degradation limits the complementarity and quality of animal seed dispersal
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Data from: Aridity exacerbates grazing-induced rangeland degradation: a population approach for dominant grasses
<p>1. The current human-induced intensification of grazing pressure and the increase of aridity as a result of climate alterations are unprecedented and have been identified as the main drivers that cause desertification in rangelands worldwide. In these ecosystems, human well-being mostly depends on plant species that provide forage for domestic herbivores. However, scarce evidence exists about the interaction between regional aridity level and human-induced disturbances as determinants of forage plant populations' structure and dynamics.</p> <p>2. We studied the effects of domestic grazing intensification on the population structure of dominant native grasses, in three rangeland sites located across a regional aridity gradient: a semi-desert (high-aridity site), a shrub-grass steppe (intermediate-aridity site) and a grass steppe (low-aridity site). We also studied the effect of two-year grazing exclusion on plant growth of a key native forage grass species common to the three sites.</p> <p>3. Grazing decreased total grass density and increased the frequency of small plants in all sites, particularly for forage species. However, the size of the grazing intensification effect was the greatest in the high-aridity site, where intensive grazing produced a ten-fold reduction of grass density. Moreover, plant recovery (growth) after grazing exclusion was lower as aridity increased.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Our study provides evidence of a negative synergistic effect of grazing pressure and aridity that may lead to the collapse of grass populations. Long-term grazing intensification degrades the population structure of grasses, particularly in high-aridity sites, where the forage provision is substantially reduced. These results refute the hypothesis that plant-traits of dominant species adapted to high-aridity allow them to resist herbivory. Besides, high-aridity delays plant recovery after defoliation (low resilience). The management of both the grazing pressure and the length of grazing-rest according to the ecological-site aridity are key aspects for maintaining the forage provision of rangelands. Monitoring plant populations' structure through time and space strengthens inferences about responses of forage species to ongoing changes in disturbance and stress regimes. This knowledge is complementary to regional and worldwide monitoring endeavors based on land cover, and it contributes to the robust design of sustainable management of global rangelands.</p>
Degradation of gaseous unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine by vacuum ultraviolet coupled with MnO2
<p>In this study, α-, β-, and δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> were prepared by a uniform hydrothermal method and then coupled with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) for the degradation of gaseous unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH). The performance in the remove of UDMH, by-products distribution and mechanistic insights were systematically investigated. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N<sub>2</sub> adsorption/desorption, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman, thermal gravimetric (TG), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) to investigate the factors affecting the catalytic activity. The results showed that O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O were essential for the remove of UDMH . The integrated process considerably improved the remove and mineralization of UDMH by ozone catalytic oxidation . There were more reactive oxygen species generated in the integrated process. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalysts following the order: δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> >α-MnO<sub>2</sub> >β-MnO<sub>2</sub>. δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> displayed the highest remove rate of 100% and CO<sub>2 </sub>concentration of 42 ppmv. The good performance of δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> was attributed to high specific surface area and surface oxygen vacancies.</p>
Degradation corrected 0.05 degree GOME-2 SIF datasets in Amazon area
<p>An 8-day instrument degradation corrected 0.05 degree GOME-2 SIF dataset in Amazon area from 2010 to 2018. PK dataset from the spatially downscaled sun-induced fluorescence global product proposed by Gregory Duveiller in 2020 is corrected based on a pseudo-invariant method and then masked. Mean value composite method is used to produce monthly data. Files are organized in TIF format.</p>
FIB-tomography data of Ni-YSZ anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC): Comparison of pristine and degraded materials (before/after redox cycling)
<p><em>Contents: </em></p> <p>This dataset contains 3D image stacks acquired with FIB-tomography from Ni-YSZ cermet anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC).</p> <p>The data was collected from three different Ni-YSZ anodes (fine-, medium- and coarse-grained). Each of these anodes was investigated first in pristine state (after sintering and reduction) and then also in degraded state (after exposure to 8 redox cycles).</p> <p>The 6 tomographs are then presented as stacks of 2D-tiff-images in 2 different versions: as gray-scale images (raw data) and as segmented images (Ni=white, YSZ=gray and pores=black). In total this gives 12 image stacks.</p> <p><strong>Further details</strong>, such as the voxel resolutions and image window sizes are listed in the downloadable excel file (<strong>2_3D_Data_Info.xlsx</strong>).</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Scientific Context: </em></p> <p>The microstructures of the cermet anodes were investigated for the purpose of optimizing the anode performance, which depends on effective transport properties (i.e. conductivity of ions in YSZ and of electrons in Ni, as well as diffusivity of fuel/gas in the pores). Furthermore the anode performance also depends on the catalytic/electrochemical activity (i.e. Ni-surface area and three phase boundary length TPBL). The microstructure characteristics have a strong influence on effective properties, electrochemical activity and associated anode performance. Furthermore, microstructure degradation (e.g. by Ni-coarsening) may lead to performance loss over time.</p> <p>Hence, the investigations focus on a fundamental, quentitative understanding of the relationships between microstructure characteristics and effective properties. The study reveals quantitative descriptions of all relevant microstructure characteristics (porosity, tortuosity, constrictivity, surface/interface areas, TPBL) and of the corresponding effective transport porperties (electric and ionic.conductivities). The corresponding anode performance was characterized by impedance spectroscopy.</p> <p>The quantitative <strong>results of the microstructure investigation were published</strong> in:</p> <p><strong>Pecho et al</strong> 2015a (doi:10.3390/ma8095265),</p> <p><strong>Pecho et al</strong> 2015b (doi:10.3390/ma8105370),</p> <p><strong>Holzer et al</strong> 2013 (doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.047),</p> <p><strong>Holzer et al</strong> 2011a (doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.08.017) and</p> <p><strong>Holzer et al</strong> 2011b (doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.08.006).</p>
The prefoldin complex stabilizes the von Hippel-Lindau protein against aggregation and degradation
<p>This is the dataset corresponding to our submitted article "The prefoldin complex stabilizes the von Hippel-Lindau protein against aggregation and degradation" by Chesnel et al.</p>
Targeted Intracellular Degradation of SARS-CoV-2 via Computationally-Optimized Peptide Fusions
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has elicited a global health crisis of catastrophic proportions. With only a few vaccines approved for early or limited use, there is a critical need for effective antiviral strategies. In this study, we report a unique antiviral platform, through computational design of ACE2-derived peptides which both target the viral spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and recruit E3 ubiquitin ligases for subsequent intracellular degradation of SARS-CoV-2 in the proteasome. Our engineered peptide fusions demonstrate robust RBD degradation capabilities in human cells and are capable of inhibiting infection-competent viral production, thus prompting their further experimental characterization and therapeutic development. </p>
Dataset for MD and MM/GBSA-Based Evalulation of Ternary Complexes Induced by Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) for Targeted Protein Degradation
<p>This is the dataset for all input files, output files/results, and submit script or its templates for running the MD and MMGBSA calculations in the paper. Four compressed archives represent the 4 systems we ran our simulations on. The general workflow for all systems follow the sequence of, after starting pose generated by protein docking, the starting frame for MD and its parameter file is generated in the Tleap folder; the MD trajectories are found in the PMEMD folders; and the energy calculations are found in the MMGBSA folders.</p>
SDOML Dataset Not Corrected for Degradation Over Time
<p>This dataset is a version of the Galvez et al. 2019 (A Machine-learning Data Set Prepared from the NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory Mission) dataset not corrected for degradation over time.</p> <p>This dataset is required to reproduce Fig.4 of Dos Santos et al. 2021 (arXiv: 2012.14023)</p> <p><br> This dataset contains extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images from the Atmospheric Image Assembly at the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The specs of the data are:</p> <ul> <li>Data from 2010 to 2020. </li> <li>Temporal resolution is 1 day.</li> <li>Spatial resolution is ~4.8 arcsec (512 x 512 image)</li> <li>Images not corrected for instrumental degradation over time,</li> <li>Images corrected for exposure time.</li> <li>7 EUV channels.</li> <li>The total size of the data is ~22.1 TB compressed.</li> </ul>
A global GOME-2 monthly SIF dataset (2007-2018) with correction of temporal degradation
<p>Monthly instrument degradation corrected 0.5 degree GOME-2 SIF datasets on a global scale from 2007 to 2018. The sun-induced fluorescence global product Joiner et al. (2017) is firstly uscaled to a monthly resolution using a APAR based algorithm by Hu et al. (2018). Then, the mothly GOME-2 SIF was corrected based on a pseudo-invariant method to eliminate the temporal degradation of GOME-2 satellite sensor. Files are organized in TIF format.</p>
Output data from: From land productivity trends to land degradation assessment in Mozambique: Effects of climate, human activities and stakeholder definitions
<p>This repository includes output data from the following article:</p> <p><strong>Montfort, F., Bégué, A., Leroux, L., Blanc, L., Gond, V., Cambule, A.H., Remane, I.A.D., Grinand, C., 2020. From land productivity trends to land degradation assessment in Mozambique: Effects of climate, human activities and stakeholder definitions. <em>Land Degrad Dev</em>.; 32: 49– 65. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3704">https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3704</a></strong></p> <p>This study aimed at characterizing and mapping the underlying factors (human or climatic) in land productivity changes over the 2000-2016 period, in order to assess land degradation in Mozambique.</p> <p>The methodology is based on remote sensing methodology. Land productivity change were first analyzed using MODIS NDVI time-series (2000–2016), and a two-step framework was then used to understand the main factors of these productivity changes, using climate times series (CHIRPS data for rainfall and CRU data for temperature), Land Use and Land Cover Change (LULCC) maps (Laurel project LULCC map), and ground knowledge.</p> <p>This repository includes raster data of annual land productivity change over the 2000-2016 period, annual land productivity climate factors, potential land productivity decrease factors and potential productivity increase factors. Data are available as GeoTIFF raster files at 250 m resolution in the UTM 37S projection (EPSG: 32737).</p>
Data from: Dense infraspecific sampling reveals rapid and independent trajectories of plastome degradation in a heterotrophic orchid complex
Heterotrophic plants provide excellent opportunities to study the effects of altered selective regimes on genome evolution. Plastid genome (plastome) studies in heterotrophic plants are often based on one or a few highly divergent species or sequences as representatives of an entire lineage, thus missing important evolutionary-transitory events. Here we present the first infraspecific analysis of plastome evolution in any heterotrophic plant. By combining genome skimming and targeted sequence capture, we address hypotheses on the degree and rate of plastome degradation in a complex of leafless orchids (Corallorhiza striata) across its geographic range. Plastomes provide strong support for relationships and evidence of reciprocal monophyly between C. involuta and the endangered C. bentleyi. Plastome degradation is extensive, occurring rapidly over a few million years, with evidence of differing rates of substitution among the two principal clades of the complex. Genome skimming and targeted sequence capture differ widely in coverage depth overall, with depth in targeted sequence capture datasets varying immensely across the plastome as a function of GC content. These findings will help fill a knowledge gap in models of heterotrophic plastid genome evolution, and have implications for future studies in heterotrophs.
Data from: Applying a dryland degradation framework for rangelands: the case of Mongolia
Livestock-caused rangeland degradation remains a major policy concern globally and the subject of widespread scientific study. This concern persists in part because it is difficult to isolate the effects of livestock from climate and other factors that influence ecosystem conditions. Further, degradation studies seldom use multiple plant and soil indicators linked to a clear definition of and ecologically-grounded framework for degradation assessment that distinguishes different levels of degradation. Here, we integrate two globally applicable rangeland degradation frameworks and apply them to a broad-scale empirical dataset for the country of Mongolia. We compare our assessment results with two other recent national rangeland degradation assessments in Mongolia to gauge consistency of findings across assessments and evaluate the utility of our framework. We measured livestock-use impacts across Mongolia's major ecological zones: mountain and forest steppe, eastern steppe, steppe, and desert steppe. At 143 sites in 36 counties, we measured livestock-use and degradation indicators at increasing distances from livestock corrals in winter-grazed pastures. At each site, we measured multiple indicators linked to our degradation framework, including plant cover, standing biomass, palatability, species richness, forage quality, vegetation gaps and soil surface characteristics. Livestock use had no effect on soils, plant species richness or standing crop biomass in any ecological zone, but subtly affected plant cover and palatable plant abundance. Livestock effects were strongest in the steppe zone, moderate in the desert steppe and limited in the mountain/forest and eastern steppes. Our results aligned closely with those of two other recent country-wide assessments, suggesting that our framework may have widespread application. All three assessments found that very severe and irreversible degradation is rare in Mongolia (1-18% of land area), with most rangelands only slightly (33-53%) or moderately (25-40%) degraded. We conclude that very severe livestock-induced rangeland degradation is overstated in Mongolia. However, targeted rangeland restoration coupled with monitoring, adaptive management and stronger rangeland governance are needed to prevent further degradation where heavy grazing could cause irreversible change. Given the broad applicability of our degradation framework for Mongolia, we suggest it be tested for application in other temperate grasslands throughout Central Asia and North America.
Data from: A novel, porcinated human Butyrylcholinesterase catalytically degrades the chemical warfare nerve agent, sarin
<p>Chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNAs) present a global threat to both military and civilian populations. The acute toxicity of CWNAs stems from their ability to effectively inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). This inhibition can lead to uncontrolled cholinergic cellular signaling, resulting in cholinergic crisis and, ultimately, death. While the current FDA-approved standard of care is moderately effective when administered early, development of novel treatment strategies is necessary. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is an enzyme which displays a high degree of structural homology to AChE. Unlike AChE, the roles of BChE are uncertain and possibilities are still being explored. However, BChE appears to primarily serve as a bioscavenger of toxic esters due to its ability to accommodate a wide variety of substrates within its active site. Like AChE, BChE is also readily inhibited by CWNAs. Due to its high affinity for binding CWNAs, and that null-BChE yields no apparent health effects, exogenous BChE has been explored as a candidate therapeutic for CWNA intoxication. Despite years of research, minimal strides have been made to develop a catalytic bioscavenger. Further, BChE is only in early clinical trials as a stoichiometric bioscavenger of CWNAs, and large quantities must be administered to treat CWNA toxicity. Here we describe previously unidentified mutations to residues within and adjacent to the acyl binding pocket (positions 282-285 were mutagenized from YGTP to NHML) of BChE that confer catalytic degradation of the CWNA, sarin. These mutations, along with corresponding future efforts, may finally lead to a novel therapeutic to combat CWNA intoxication.</p>
Data from: Lowland tapirs facilitate seed dispersal in degraded Amazonian forests
The forests of southeastern Amazonia are highly threatened by disturbances such as fragmentation, understory fires and extreme climatic events. Large-bodied frugivores such as the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) have the potential to offset this process, supporting natural forest regeneration by dispersing a variety of seeds over long distances to disturbed forests. However, we know little about their effectiveness as seed dispersers in degraded forest landscapes. Here, we investigate the seed dispersal function of lowland tapirs in Amazonian forests subject to a range of human (fire, fragmentation) and natural (extreme droughts, windstorms) disturbances, using a combination of field observations, camera traps, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data. Tapirs travel and defecate more often in degraded forests, dispersing much more seeds in these areas [9,822 seeds per ha/yr (CI95% = 9,106; 11,838)] than in undisturbed forests [2,950 seeds per ha/yr (CI95% = 2,961; 3,771)]. By effectively dispersing seeds across disturbed forests, tapirs may contribute to natural forest regeneration – the cheapest and usually the most feasible way to achieve large-scale restoration of tropical forests. Through the dispersal of large-seeded species that eventually become large trees, such frugivores also contribute indirectly to maintaining forest carbon stocks. These functions may be critical in helping tropical countries to achieve their goals to maintain and restore biodiversity and its ecosystem services. Ultimately, preserving these animals along with their habitats may help in the process of natural recovery of degraded forests throughout the tropics.
NDVI datasets related with the article "A comparative study of cross-product NDVI dynamics in the Kilimanjaro region - a matter of sensor, degradation calibration, and significance"
<p>AHVRR GIMMS and MODIS NDVI input datasets and main results on seasonal and long-term NDVI dynamics related with the manuscript "A comparative study of cross-product NDVI dynamics in the Kilimanjaro region - a matter of sensor, degradation calibration, and significance" recently published in Remote Sensing 8(2), 159, doi: 10.3390/rs8020159.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.