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565 results for “ESCAPE”
Data for: Beyond simple habituation: Anthropogenic habitats influence the escape behavior of spur-winged lapwings in response to both human and non-human threats
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Unapparent trees: escaping enemies in time by being discreet, unpredictable and inaccessible
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Data from: Escape from harmful soil biota at high elevations: Plant-soil feedbacks along stress gradients
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Data from: You can run, but you will never escape: A new species of <em>Psyllaephagus</em> Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoid of the classical biological control agent <em>Boreioglycaspis melaleucae</em> (Moore) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) in Florida, USA
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Normative behavioral data from the novel One Trail Trace escape reaction task (OTTER)
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Sex- and state-dependent covariation of risk-averse and escape behavior in a widespread lizard
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A Great Escape: resource availability and density-dependence shape population dynamics along trailing range edges
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Data for fish foraging and anti-predator escape behavior
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Natural selection favours drought escape and an acquisitive resource‐use strategy in semi‐arid Mediterranean shrubs
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Diurnal and nocturnal mosquitoes escape looming threats using distinct flight strategies
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Ontogeny of escape response and body shape in Threespine Stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i> L.)
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Data from: Changes in liana density over 30 years in a Bornean rain forest supports the escape hypothesis
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An escape theory model for directionally moving prey and an experimental test in juvenile Chinook salmon
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Data from: Morphology, performance and fluid dynamics of the crayfish escape response
<p>Sexual selection can result in an exaggerated morphology that constrains locomotor performance. We studied the relationship between morphology and the tail-flip escape response in male and female rusty crayfish (<em>Faxonius rusticus</em>), a species in which males have enlarged claws (chelae). We found that females had wider abdomens and longer uropods (terminal appendage of the tail fan) than males, while males possessed deeper abdomens and larger chelae, relative to total length. Chelae size was negatively associated with escape velocity, whereas longer abdomens and uropods were positively associated with escape velocity. We found no sex-specific differences in maximum force generated during the tail flip, but uropod length was strongly, positively correlated with tail-flip force in males. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) revealed that the formation of a vortex, rather than the expulsion of fluid between two closing body surfaces, generates propulsion in rusty crayfish. PIV also revealed that the pleopods (ventral abdominal appendages) contribute to the momentum generated by the tail. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmation of vortex formation in a decapod crustacean.</p>
Escape from natural enemies depends on the enemies, the invader, and competition
The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) attributes the success of some exotic plant species to reduced top-down effects of natural enemies in the non-native range relative to the native range. Many studies have tested this idea, but very few have considered the simultaneous effects of multiple kinds of enemies on more than one invasive species in both the native and non-native ranges. Here, we examined the effects of two important groups of natural enemies – insect herbivores and soil biota – on the performance of Tanacetum vulgare (native to Europe but invasive in the USA) and Solidago canadensis (native to the USA but invasive in Europe) in their native and non-native ranges, and in the presence and absence of competition. In the field, we replicated full-factorial experiments that crossed insecticide, T. vulgare-S. canadensis competition, and biogeographic range (Europe vs. USA) treatments. In greenhouses, we replicated full-factorial experiments that crossed soil sterilization, plant-soil feedback, and biogeographic range treatments. We evaluated the effects of experimental treatments on T. vulgare and S. canadensis biomass. The effects of natural enemies were idiosyncratic. In the non-native range and relative to populations in the native range, T. vulgare escaped the negative effects of insect herbivores but not soil biota, depending upon the presence of S. canadensis; and S. canadensis escaped the negative effects of soil biota but not insect herbivores, regardless of competition. Thus, biogeographic escape from natural enemies depended upon the enemies, the invader, and competition. By explicitly testing the ERH in terms of more than one kind of enemy, more than one invader, and more than one continent, this study enhances our nuanced perspective of how natural enemies can influence the performance of invasive species in their native and non-native ranges.
Allometric escape from acoustic constraints in frog calls is rare
<p class="AbstractSummary">Allometric constraint is a product of natural selection, particularly with respect to body size and traits constrained by physical properties thereof, such as metabolism, longevity, and vocal frequency. Parameters describing allometric relationships are conserved across most lineages, indicating that physical constraints dictate scaling patterns in deep time, despite substantial genetic and ecological divergence among organisms. Acoustic allometry (sound frequency ~ body size) is conserved across frogs, in defiance of massive variation in both body size and frequency. Here, we find four major instances of allometric escape, potentially deriving from ecomorphological adaptations to new signal modalities and invasion of biogeographic regions. In these instances of allometric escape, the optima and strength of the scaling relationship are different than expected for most other frog species, representing new adaptive regimes of body size ~ call frequency. Allometric constraints in frogs are highly conserved and have rarely promoted allometric escape despite frequent invasions of new adaptive regimes and dramatic ecomorphological divergence. Our results highlight instances in which natural and sexual selection combined could overcome physical constraints on sound production.</p>
Multimodal mechanosensing enables treefrog embryos to escape egg-predators
<p><span>Mechanosensory-cued hatching (MCH) is widespread, diverse, and improves survival in many animals. From flatworms and insects to frogs and turtles, embryos use mechanosensory cues and signals to inform hatching timing, yet mechanisms mediating mechanosensing <i>in ovo</i> are largely unknown. The arboreal embryos of red-eyed treefrogs, <i>Agalychnis callidryas, </i><span>hatch prematurely to escape predation, cued by physical disturbance in snake attacks. When otoconial organs in the developing vestibular system become functional, this response strengthens, but its earlier occurrence indicates another sensor must contribute. </span>Post-hatching, tadpoles use lateral line neuromasts to detect water motion. We ablated neuromast function with gentamicin to assess their role in <i>A. callidryas</i>' hatching response to disturbance<span>. </span>Prior to vestibular function, this<span> nearly eliminated the hatching response to a complex simulated attack cue, egg-jiggling, revealing that neuromasts mediate early MCH. Vestibular function onset increased hatching, independent of neuromast function, indicating young embryos use multiple mechanosensory systems. MCH increased developmentally. All older embryos hatched in response to egg-jiggling, but neuromast function reduced response latency. In contrast, neuromast ablation had no effect on timing or level of hatching in motion-only vibration playbacks. It appears only a subset of egg-disturbance cues stimulate neuromasts; thus embryos in attacked clutches may receive uni- or multimodal stimuli. <i>A. callidryas</i> embryos have more neuromasts than described for any other species at hatching, suggesting precocious sensory development may facilitate MCH. </span>Our findings provide insight into the behavioral roles of two mechanosensory systems <i>in ovo </i>and open possibilities for exploring sensory perception across taxa in early life stages.</span></p>
Data from: Interspecific variation in post-disturbance growth responses of a savanna tree community and its implications for escaping the fire trap
<p>Vegetation states in savannas are highly sensitive to tree growth rates, which determine whether individual trees can 'escape' periodic disturbances. Resprouting trees have lopsided shoot:root ratios and are often multi-stemmed, and these variables can modify post-disturbance growth rates and therefore the probability of escape. To date, few studies have systematically examined the implications of interspecific variation in these factors for escape. We conducted a two-year field experiment in lowveld savanna in South Africa and quantified post-disturbance growth characteristics of topkilled trees among 16 species. We examined the dependence of growth on pre-disturbance stem size across species, and the relationship between growth rates and the tendency of trees to produce a few large <i>vs.</i> many small resprouts following disturbance. We found that resprout growth was strongly influenced by pre-disturbance size, but the relationship did not vary among species. In contrast, our results showed that fast-growing species tend to allocate resources towards a few dominant stems, while slow-growing species allocated new biomass towards many smaller stems. Tree species that produced a few large stems also tended to produce individual stems that were tall and thin, further suggesting that the "few large <i>vs.</i> many small" axis is linked to intrinsic species attributes. These findings have implications for understanding how interspecific variation in savanna tree communities may influence their ability to escape disturbance traps.</p>
Data from: Parasite escape through trophic specialization in a species flock
Adaptive radiation occurs when species diversify rapidly to occupy an array of ecological niches. Since opportunities for parasite infection and transmission may greatly vary among these niches, adaptive radiation is expected to be associated with a turnover of the parasite community. As major agents of natural and sexual selection, parasites may play a central role in host diversification. The study of parasite turnover may thus be of general relevance and could significantly improve our understanding of adaptive radiation. In the present study, we examined the parasite faunas of eleven species belonging to the tribe Tropheini, one of several adaptive radiations of cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika. The most parsimonious ancestral foraging strategy among the Tropheini is relatively unselective substrate browsing of aufwuchs. Several lineages evolved more specialized foraging strategies, such as selective combing of microscopic diatoms or picking of macro-invertebrates. We found that representatives of these specialized lineages bear reduced infection with food-web transmitted acanthocephalan helminths, but not with parasites with a direct life cycle. Possibly, the evolution of selective foraging strategies entailed reduced ingestion of intermediate invertebrate hosts of acanthocephalans. We conclude that some species belonging to the Tropheini virtually escape acanthocephalan infection as a by-product effect of trophic specialization.
Data from: Within-season synchrony of a masting conifer enhances seed escape
Predator satiation resulting from interannual reproductive synchrony has been widely documented in masting plants, but how reproductive synchrony within a year influences seed escape is poorly understood. We evaluated whether the intra-annual reproductive synchrony of individual white spruce trees (Picea glauca) increased seed escape from their primary predispersal seed predator, North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Trees with cones that matured synchronously relative to those of other trees within red squirrel territories were significantly more likely to escape squirrel predation in years with both low and superabundant levels of cone production, generating a significantly positive linear selection differential for increasing intra-annual reproductive synchrony. Thus, this masting plant escapes seed predation in numbers through interannual synchrony in seed production and in time through intra-annual synchrony of seed availability.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.