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Text-fig. 11. a: Sapindopsis sp., 3rd Kamenka, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 40-1; b, c: Trochodendroides sp., Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 11/145, b – upper part of leaf, c – crenate margin; d: Dicotylophyllum sp. 2, Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 11/133; e: Sapindopsis cf. angusta (HEER) SEWARD et V.M.CONWAY, Andreev Inlet, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 28/104; f: Sapindopsis variabilis FONTAINE, Bikin River, Alchan Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 4561/124-1; g: Laurophyllum sp., Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 11/131. Scale bar 1 cm in a, b, d, f, g and 5 mm in c, e. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 11. a: Sapindopsis sp., 3rd Kamenka, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 40-1; b, c: Trochodendroides sp., Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 11/145, b – upper part of leaf, c – crenate margin; d: Dicotylophyllum sp. 2, Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 11/133; e: Sapindopsis cf. angusta (HEER) SEWARD et V.M.CONWAY, Andreev Inlet, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 28/104; f: Sapindopsis variabilis FONTAINE, Bikin River, Alchan Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 4561/124-1; g: Laurophyllum sp., Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 11/131. Scale bar 1 cm in a, b, d, f, g and 5 mm in c, e.

Text-fig. 5. a: coal seam "Rabochy" with three tuff layers in upper part of Lipovtsy Formation in Porechye open pit coal mine; b: same section, enlarged view, upper tuff layer, sample 160/4 site; c: tuff layer in upper part of Frentsevka Formation below conglomerate at Palets Cape; d: same section, enlarged view, sample 1 site. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 5. a: coal seam "Rabochy" with three tuff layers in upper part of Lipovtsy Formation in Porechye open pit coal mine; b: same section, enlarged view, upper tuff layer, sample 160/4 site; c: tuff layer in upper part of Frentsevka Formation below conglomerate at Palets Cape; d: same section, enlarged view, sample 1 site.

Text-fig. 17. Angiosperm leaf morphotypes in late Aptian and early-middle Albian of Primorye. a, k: Dicotylophyllum sp. 1, 2; b: Araliaephyllum vittenburgii GOLOVN. et VOLYNETS; c: Araliaephyllum ussuriense (KRASSILOV) GOLOVN.; d: Trochodendroides sp., e: undescribed species, spec. IBSS 320-137; f: Asiatifolium elegans G.SUN, SHUANG X.GUO et SHAO L.ZHENG; g: Sapindopsis cf. angusta (HEER) SEWARD et V.M.CONWAY; h: Sapindopsis sp.; i: Achaenocarpites capitellatus KRASSILOV et VOLYNETS; j: Jixia pinnatipartita SHUANG X.GUO et G.SUN; l: Pandanites ahnertii (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN.; m: Araliaephyllum luciferum (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 17. Angiosperm leaf morphotypes in late Aptian and early-middle Albian of Primorye. a, k: Dicotylophyllum sp. 1, 2; b: Araliaephyllum vittenburgii GOLOVN. et VOLYNETS; c: Araliaephyllum ussuriense (KRASSILOV) GOLOVN.; d: Trochodendroides sp., e: undescribed species, spec. IBSS 320-137; f: Asiatifolium elegans G.SUN, SHUANG X.GUO et SHAO L.ZHENG; g: Sapindopsis cf. angusta (HEER) SEWARD et V.M.CONWAY; h: Sapindopsis sp.; i: Achaenocarpites capitellatus KRASSILOV et VOLYNETS; j: Jixia pinnatipartita SHUANG X.GUO et G.SUN; l: Pandanites ahnertii (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN.; m: Araliaephyllum luciferum (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN.

Text-fig. 12. a: Artocarpidium sp., Andreev Inlet, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 28-105; b–d: Onoana nicanica KRASSILOV, Fedorovsky Rudnik, Lipovtsy Formation, Aptian, spec. IBSS 63-83; e: Araliaephyllum ussuriense (KRASSILOV) GOLOVN., Andreev Inlet, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, e1 – spec. IBSS 28-102/1, lectotype, e2 – spec. IBSS 28-102/2. Scale bar 1 cm in a, d, e and 5 mm in b, c. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 12. a: Artocarpidium sp., Andreev Inlet, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 28-105; b–d: Onoana nicanica KRASSILOV, Fedorovsky Rudnik, Lipovtsy Formation, Aptian, spec. IBSS 63-83; e: Araliaephyllum ussuriense (KRASSILOV) GOLOVN., Andreev Inlet, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, e1 – spec. IBSS 28-102/1, lectotype, e2 – spec. IBSS 28-102/2. Scale bar 1 cm in a, d, e and 5 mm in b, c.

Text-fig. 9. a–d: Nyssidium orientale SAMYLINA, Partizansk, Starosuchan Formation, Barremian, a – spec. BIN 506/3749, general view of four fruits, b1 – spec. BIN 506/3749-1, holotype, b2 – spec. BIN 506/3749-2, c – spec. BIN 506/3749-6, d – spec. BIN 506/3749-5; e–f: Cercidiphyllum sujfunense KRASSILOV, Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, e – spec. IBSS 11-135, fruit, f – spec. IBSS 11-134, leaf, holotype. Scale bar 5 mm in a, e, f and 2 mm in b–d. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 9. a–d: Nyssidium orientale SAMYLINA, Partizansk, Starosuchan Formation, Barremian, a – spec. BIN 506/3749, general view of four fruits, b1 – spec. BIN 506/3749-1, holotype, b2 – spec. BIN 506/3749-2, c – spec. BIN 506/3749-6, d – spec. BIN 506/3749-5; e–f: Cercidiphyllum sujfunense KRASSILOV, Konstantinovka, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, e – spec. IBSS 11-135, fruit, f – spec. IBSS 11-134, leaf, holotype. Scale bar 5 mm in a, e, f and 2 mm in b–d.

Text-fig. 10. a–d: Araliaephyllum luciferum (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN., Partizansk, Severosuchan Formation, Aptian, a – spec. TSNIGRM 3013/1, lectotype, b – spec TSNIGRM 3013/2, c – spec. TSNIGRM 3013/4, d – spec. TSNIGRM 3013/3; e, j: Pandanites ahnertii (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN., Konstantinovka, Lipovtsy Formation, Aptian, TSNIGRM 3013/5, e – fragment of leaf margin, j – general view, j1 – lectotype, j2 – leaf, figured in (e); f: Araliaephyllum ussuriense (KRASSILOV) GOLOVN., Andreev Inlet, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 28/103; g: Araliaephyllum vittenburgii GOLOVN. et VOLYNETS, Podgorodenka coalfield, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 41/1, g1 – spec. IBBS 41/1a, holotype, g2 – spec. IBBS 41/1b; h: Dicotylophyllum sp. 1, Podgorodenka coalfield, Lipovtsy Formation, Aptian, spec. IBBS 28L-4; i: Sapindopsis sp., 3rd Kamenka, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 325/8. Scale bar 5 mm in a–h and 1 cm in i, j. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia

Text-fig. 10. a–d: Araliaephyllum luciferum (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN., Partizansk, Severosuchan Formation, Aptian, a – spec. TSNIGRM 3013/1, lectotype, b – spec TSNIGRM 3013/2, c – spec. TSNIGRM 3013/4, d – spec. TSNIGRM 3013/3; e, j: Pandanites ahnertii (KRYSHT.) GOLOVN., Konstantinovka, Lipovtsy Formation, Aptian, TSNIGRM 3013/5, e – fragment of leaf margin, j – general view, j1 – lectotype, j2 – leaf, figured in (e); f: Araliaephyllum ussuriense (KRASSILOV) GOLOVN., Andreev Inlet, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 28/103; g: Araliaephyllum vittenburgii GOLOVN. et VOLYNETS, Podgorodenka coalfield, Galenki Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBBS 41/1, g1 – spec. IBBS 41/1a, holotype, g2 – spec. IBBS 41/1b; h: Dicotylophyllum sp. 1, Podgorodenka coalfield, Lipovtsy Formation, Aptian, spec. IBBS 28L-4; i: Sapindopsis sp., 3rd Kamenka, Frentsevka Formation, early-middle Albian, spec. IBSS 325/8. Scale bar 5 mm in a–h and 1 cm in i, j.

FIGURE 26 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 26. Dicotylophyllum leptovenum Wang and Dilcher, 2009. 1, UF15706-24734, incomplete leaf showing strong primary vein and asymmetric lamina base. Scale bar equals 5 mm. 2, Enlargement of Figure 26.1 to show secondary and tertiary veins. Scale bar equals 1 mm.

FIGURE 22 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 22. Wingia expansolobum (Upchurch and Dilcher) comb. nov. 1, UF15706-14825, specimen showing a large leaf with irregular shape of lateral lobes. Note the structurally reinforced margin on sinus, pluvinus lamina extension on the thin and long petiole. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 2, Enlargement of Figure 22.1 to show the pluvinus lamina extension on the petiole. Scale bar equals 2 mm. 3, UF15706-24461, enlargement of Figure 22.4 (area indicated by arrow) to show looping of secondary veins near the lamina margin. Scale bar equals 1 mm. 4, UF15706-24461, specimen showing a small leaf. Scale bar equals 5 mm.

FIGURE 17 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 17. Sapindopsis retallackii sp. nov. 1, UF15706-3153, showing a leaflet with entire margin. Note the petiolule at the base (indicated by arrow). Scale bar equals 5 mm. 2, Enlargement of Figure 17.1 to show numerous thin secondary and intersecondary veins. Scale bar equals 1 mm.

FIGURE 14 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 14. Sapindopsis powelliana (Lesquereux) comb. nov. 1, UF15706-24670, leaf with three leaflets. Note bilobed ultimate leaflet. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 2, UF15706-4812, leaf with narrow oblong leaflets. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

FIGURE 9. 1 and 3 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 9. 1 and 3, Rogersia dakotensis Wang and Dilcher, 2009, UF15706-24798, general leaf shape, note thin secondary veins forming intramarginal veins (scale bar equals 5 mm) (1) and enlargement to show intramarginal veins formed by looping secondary veins (scale bar equals 1 mm) (3). 2 and 4, Rogersia parlatorii Dilcher and Wang, 2006, UF15706-7529, specimen showing leaf shape (scale bar equals 5 mm) (2) and enlargement to show secondary venation (scale bar equals 5 mm) (4).

FIGURE 8 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 8. Pabiania variloba Upchurch and Dilcher, 1990. 1, UF15706-14823, leaf showing basal actinodromous primary venation and basal secondary veins. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 2, UF15706-24464, leaf showing rounded lobe apex. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 3, UF15706-24587, specimen showing a small lobe on the left and entire margin on the right of the leaf. Scale bar equals 5 mm. 4, Enlargement of Figure 8.2 to show straight primary vein extending to lobe apex and two series of loops in the excostal region. Scale bar equals 1 mm.

FIGURE 5. 1-2 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 5. 1-2, Aquatifolia fluitans Wang and Dilcher 2006b, UF15706-8263′, leaf showing the spherical float on the petiole (1) and UF15706-24120, leaf showing cordate base and thin high order venation (2). Scale bars equal 5 mm. 3-4, Brasenites kansense Wang and Dilcher, 2006b, UF15706-14806, specimen (3) and line drawing (4) to show suborbiculate leaf shape, entire leaf margin, peltate central base, major primary veins. Scale bars equal 1 cm.

FIGURE 11. 1 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 11. 1, Jarzenia kanbrasota Wang and Dilcher, 2009, UF15706-3171, showing elliptic leaf shape and secondary venation. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 2, Liriophyllum kansense Dilcher and Crane, 1984, UF15826-3188, showing deeply lobed leaf, long petiole, and secondary venation. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 3, Credneria cyclophylla (Heer) Wang and Dilcher, 2009, UF15706-14821, leaf showing craspedodromous venation. Note all secondary veins and their exmedial branches terminating on leaf margin, resulting in a wavy appearance of leaf margin. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

FIGURE 2 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 2. Chart shows the Albian, Cenomanian and Turonian stratigraphic units in Kansas, the Tri-state area (Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota; modified from figure 4 of Brenner et al., 2000), and Minnesota (modified from figure 8 of Setterholm, 1994). 1, Courtland I clay pit, Minnesota; 2, Rose Creek, Nebraska; 3, Braun Ranch, Kansas; and 4, Hoisington III, Kansas.

FIGURE 4. 1 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 4. 1, Crassidenticulum decurrens (Lesquereux) Upchurch and Dilcher, 1990, UF15706-24648, fragment of leaf lamina. Note fine teeth on margin (indicated by arrow). Scale bar equals 2 mm. 2, Crassidenticulum trilobum Dilcher and Wang, 2006a, UF15706-24677, a trilobed leaf. Note thin and long petiole. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 3-4, cf. Crassidenticulum trilobum Dilcher and Wang, 2006a, UF15706-24684, a five lobed leaf (scale bar equals 1 cm) (3) and an enlargement of Figure 4.3 to show decurrent lamina tissue between two adjacent lobes (indicated by arrow) (scale bar equals 1 mm) (4).

FIGURE 7 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 7. Pabiania variloba Upchurch and Dilcher, 1990. 1-3, UF15706-24423, specimen showing suprabasal actinodromous primary venation (scale bar equals 1 cm) (1), enlargement of a sinus area to show sinus bracing by secondary veins (scale bar equals 2 mm) (2); and enlargement of basal portion of leaf to show two pairs of basal secondary veins (scale bar equals 2 mm) (3). 4-5, UF15706-30154, specimen showing a long petiole and ocrea-like structure at the base (scale bar equals 5 mm) (4) and enlargement of the petiole to show the ocrea-like structure (scale bar equals 2 mm) (5). 6, UF15706-14832, specimen showing suprabasal actinodromous primary venation and acute apices of the lobes. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

FIGURE 21 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 21. Wingia expansolobum (Upchurch and Dilcher) comb. nov. 1, UF15706-30158a, specimen showing a complete leaf. Note the long petiole with a swollen base and the extension of lamina tissue on the petiole. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 2, Enlargement of the petiole in Figure 21.1 to show the swollen base. Scale bar equals 2 mm. 3, UF15706-30158b, enlargement of a leaf on the back of the same specimen to show high order venation and glandular teeth. Scale bar equals 3 mm. 4, UF15706-24788, specimen showing a deeply lobed leaf. Note apically curved outer lateral lobes. Scale bar equals 1 cm.

FIGURE 10. 1 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 10. 1, Rogersia dakotensis Wang and Dilcher, 2009, UF15706-24620, general leaf shape. Note short petiole. Scale bar equals 5 mm. 2-3, Wolfiophyllum pfaffianum (Heer) Wang and Dilcher, 2009, UF15706-14815, basal and middle portion of leaf, note strong primary vein and entire margin (scale bar equals 1 cm) (2) and enlargement of Figure 10.2 (area indicated by arrow) to show eucamptodromous venation, note intersecondary veins (Scale bar equals 1 mm) (3).

FIGURE 16 in Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves from the Dakota Formation, Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA

FIGURE 16. Sapindopsis powelliana (Lesquereux) comb. nov. 1, UF15706-24711, leaf with six leaflets (indicated by numbers). Note eucamptodromous secondary venation and strong secondary veins. Scale bar equals 1 cm. 2, UF15706-24675, leaf with two ultimate lobed leaflets. Note that the apex of each lobe of the two leaflets dissects one more time to form two smaller lobes (indicated by arrows). Scale bar equals 1 cm.