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206 results for “Early Devonian”

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FIGURE 6 in Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous chondrichthyans from the Fairfield Group, Canning Basin, Western Australia

FIGURE 6. Protacrodont teeth from Lower Carboniferous Laurel Formation, Laurel Downs, Lennard Shelf, Canning Basin, Western Australia. 1, Protacrodus aequalis, WAM 15.6.43, sample TS-1, in lingual view (1); 2-4, Protacrodus sp. 1, WAM 15.6.45, sample TS-1, in lingual (2), occlusal (3) and labial (4) views; 5-12, Deihim mansureae, WAM 15.6.17, in lingual view (5), WAM 15.6.18, sample 198408, in occlusal view (6), WAM 15.6.46, sample TS-1, in lingual view (7), WAM 15.6.48, sample TS-1, in lingual view (8), WAM 15.6.19, sample 198404, in labio-basal view (9), WAM 15.6.17, sample 198404, in labial view (10), WAM 15.6.49, sample TS-1, in labio-basal view (11), and WAM 15.6.18, sample 198404, in lateral view (12); 13-16, Dalmehodus cf. turnerae, WAM 15.6.30, sample LG-1, in lingual (13) and labial (14) views, WAM 15.6.44, sample TS-1, in occlusal (15) and lateral (16) views. Scale bar length: 1-4, 0.5 mm; 5- 12, 1 mm; 13-16, 0.25 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2016View details →
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Fig. 5 in Soft-tissue attachments in orthocerid and bactritid cephalopods from the Early and Middle Devonian of Germany and Morocco

Fig. 5. SEM micrographs of Bactrites, and Cycloceras of early Emsian age (Early Devonian) from Ouidane Chebbi (Tafilalt, Morocco). The specimens coated with carbon. A. Bactrites sp. C; PIMUZ 7272; A1, detail of the annular elevation; note the rugged surface of the adoral part as well as the right and the median lobe of the annular elevation; A2, dorsal view of the same, showing last formed septum and posterior portion of body chamber; note the tracking bands, the mural band, and the annular elevation. B. Cycloceras sp.; PIMUZ 7263; B1, lateral view of a part of the phragmocone; B2, B3, same specimen, details of the wrinkle layer; note that the wrinkles are asymmetric in cross section with the steeper slope pointing adapically. C. Cycloceras sp.; PIMUZ 7261; detail of the conchal furrow. D.?Bactrites sp.; PIMUZ 7269; D1, detail of the wrinkle layer; D2, same specimen detail of the wrinkle layer in a smaller scale, note the asymmetry; D3, same specimen, overview of the adoral part of the body chamber.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2005View details →
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Fig. 2 in Soft-tissue attachments in orthocerid and bactritid cephalopods from the Early and Middle Devonian of Germany and Morocco

Fig. 2. Schematic outlines of the variability of the dorsal furrow in Acanthomichelinoceras commutatum (Giebel, 1852), showing the base of a chamber mould, with annular elevation dotted. Note the differences of the starting point of the dorsal furrow, sometimes within the mural area, sometimes within the annular elevation. A. NHW 56.9.05/402. B. NHW 56.9.05/404. C. MB.C.5366.4. D. MB.C.5366.1. Not to scale.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2005View details →
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Fig. 1 in Soft-tissue attachments in orthocerid and bactritid cephalopods from the Early and Middle Devonian of Germany and Morocco

Fig. 1. Soft−tissue attachment structures in cephalopods from the Wissenbach Schiefer (early Eifelian). A. Bactrites gracile (Blumenbach, 1803), NHW 62.11/W−23/64, dorsal view, note the two different grayish bands (arrows) forming a lobe. B. Bactrites sp. A, NHW 402, dorsal view (B1), note two successive, slightly undulated grooves. Same specimen, lateral view (B). Same specimen, ventral view (B), note the small lobe in suture line. Same specimen, +

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2005View details →
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Fig. 2 in Sublethal injuries in Early Devonian cephalopod shells from Morocco

Fig. 2. Remains of orthoconic nautiloids with minor healed fractures ("forma substructa" of Hölder, 1973; a slightly more extensive fracture in D, F), Tafilalt, Morocco. A. Spyroceras patronus (Barrande, 1866), limestone, with shell, MB.C.9652, bed KMO−I, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 38 mm. B. Pseudorthoceratidae indet., limestone, with shell, MB.C.9675, bed KMO−II, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 27 mm. C. Orthocycloceras sp., MB.C.9655, bed KMO−II, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 33 mm. D. Spyroceras aff. patronus (Barrande, 1866), limestone, with shell, MB.C.9653, bed KMO−I, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, height of displayed detail 11 mm; this specimen and the one in F display two fractures, easily detectable by the course of the ribs after the fracture which gradually changes to the "normal" course, compensating for the shell loss. E. Pseudorthoceratidae indet., limestone, with shell, MB.C.9595, bed KMO−II, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 22.9 mm. F. Pseudorthoceratidae indet., PIMUZ 27030, limestone, with shell, latest Pragian or earliest Emsian, Gara Mdouara, length 175 mm. G. Anaspyroceras sp. aff. pseudocalamiteum (Barrande, 1868), limestone, with shell, MB.C.9680, bed KMO−III, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 18.25 mm. H. Plagiostomoceras sp., limonitic internal mould, PIMUZ 27031, earliest Emsian, El Atrous, length 14.3 mm. I. Arionoceratidae indet., limestone, with shell, PIMUZ 27032, latest Pragian or earliest Emsian, Gara Mdouara, length 175 mm. The specimens of figures A–C and D–G were collected and photographed by Björn Kröger (Berlin). All specimens were coated with NH4Cl.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2007View details →
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Fig. 3 in Sublethal injuries in Early Devonian cephalopod shells from Morocco

Fig. 3. Limonitic internal moulds of Devonobactrites obliquiseptatum (Sandberger and Sandberger, 1852) with minor healed injuries ("forma substructa" of Hölder, 1973) from the early Zlíchovian (early Emsian, Early Devonian) of the Tafilalt (Morocco). A. PIMUZ 7275, Ouidane Chebbi, note the small triangular fracture. B. PIMUZ 7273, Ouidane Chebbi, irregular insertion of ridges after injury. C. PIMUZ 27032, Oum El Jerane. D. PIMUZ 27033, Oum El Jerane; two injuries. E. MB.C.9545, bed EF, Filon Douze; note the deep fracture which extended over approximately one fourth of the body chamber length; at the posterior end of the fracture, two triangles can be seen as in C, reminding of other cephalopod bite−marks. F. PIMUZ 27034, Oum El Jerane; in this case, the mantle was most likely affected, causing the formation of a linear deformation in growth direction. G. PIMUZ 27040, south of Hassi Tachbit, near Ouidane Chebbi. H. PIMUZ 27035, Oum El Jerane; in contrast to most healed injuries, the apical end of the fracture is broad. I. PIMUZ 27036, Oum El Jerane. J. PIMUZ 27042, El Atrous, note the questionable terminal constriction, possibly indicating adulthood and not a malformation. K. PIMUZ 27037, Oum El Jerane. L. PIMUZ 27041, El Atrous; two injuries. M. PIMUZ 27038, Oum El Jerane. N. PIMUZ 27039, Oum El Jerane; like in F, the mantle was also affected, causing the formation of a linear deformation in growth direction. All specimens were coated with NH4Cl. The arrows indicate healed injuries unless otherwise stated.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2007View details →
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Fig. 38 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 38. Diagrammatic representations of the posterior dorsal fontanelle, otic capsules, synotic tectum, and occipital arch in various elasmobranchs. Dorsal views, anterior to top: (A) Pucapampella or Tamiobatis; posterior tectum absent, fontanelle confluent with otico­occipital fissure, occipital arch complete; (B) Cladodoides; posterior tectum present, fontanelle separated from fissure, occipital arch complete; (C) 62­mm Heterodontus; medial tectum extends from synotic tectum and meets complete occipital arch pri­ or to its fusion with otic capsules (D) 48­mm Squalus; occipital pilae fused to otic capsules pri­ or to closure of occipital arch dorsally. Panels C and D are based on figures in Holmgren (1940). Not to scale.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 37 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 37. Otico­occipital regions in medial view as if sliced sagitally, in (A) an early actinopterygian, Mimia (after Gardiner, 1984a); (B) Cladodoides. Note general similarity in vestibular chamber morphology, including presence of a septum incompletely separating the utricular recess and medullary chamber dorsally. Not to scale.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 35. Tamiobatis vetustus NMNH 1717 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 35. Tamiobatis vetustus NMNH 1717. Ventral view of braincase, depicting four alternative scenarios of basicranial arteries discussed in the text. Note disagreements over the foramen for the orbital artery/anterior palatine ramus, site of efferent pseudobranchial foramen, and the extent to which internal carotid and orbital arteries were enclosed by cartilage. The preferred arrangement is similar to that reconstructed in Cladodoides (fig. 21). No scale.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 34 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 34. Braincase of the arthrodire Dicksonosteus (illustrations derived from Goujet, 1984: figs. 6 and 26, and combined here). The left side shows the braincase in ventral view, and the right side shows the endocast in dorsal view. The anterior postorbital process bears the hyomandibular fossa and surrounds the jugular canal and facial nerve. No scale.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 33 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 33. Comparison of the postorbital process in anterior view: (A) Acanthodes (after Miles, 1973);

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 32 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 32. Diagrammatic representation of postulated topographic differences in the dorsal attachment point of the lateral commissure in (A) Cladodoides and (B) a generalized hybodont or neoselachian. The positions of the trigeminal and facial nerves relative to the otic capsule and eye are identical, but they lie behind the orbit in panel A and within it in panel B. This probably reflects differences in the anteroposterior extent of the supraorbital shelf (including the primary postorbital process, to which the lateral commissure is secondarily fused). In many neoselachians, the lateral commissure is unchondrified or absent, but the primary postorbital process is commonly present. Anterior to left. No scale.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 31 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 31. Fragmentary acid­prepared occipital region of an undetermined (ctenacanth?) shark braincase, USNM 299647, St. Louis Limestone, Alton, Illinois. (A) Dorsal view, anterior to top; (B) anterior view. Note the extensive notochordal sheath supported by a median subnotochordal septum and large paired ''chambers'' forming prominent convexities ventrally between the median groove and paired aortic canals. Scale bar = 5 cm.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 29 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 29. Transverse sections of a Scyliorhinus embryo (after De Beer, 1931; no scale indicated). Note the continuity of the metotic and otico­occipital fissures beneath the otic capsule, and the position of the glossopharyngeal nerve between the capsule and hypotic lamina.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 30 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 30. Transverse sections through the occipital region of the Cladodoides braincase showing the subnotochordal septum and ''chambers'' (presumably cartilage­filled in life). (A) Slice 281; (B) slice 280; (C) slice 276. All of these features extend over fewer than 10 slices (approx. 3 mm) in this braincase, in contrast with the occipital region shown in figure 31.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 28 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 28. Occipital region of the Cladodoides braincase (surface rendering), oblique perspective detail views: (A) posterolateral view; (B) posteromedial view; (C) anteromedial view; (D) anterolateral view. This block overlaps slightly with that shown in figure 22, repeating the tip of the dorsal otic ridge and posterior semicircular canal. The hypotic lamina is fused to the capsular wall laterally, forming a glossopharyngeal canal. The position of the vagal nerve is indicated by an expansion in the otico­occipital fissure above the glossopharyngeal canal.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 27 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 27. Comparison of the cranial endocast in Cladodoides (A, D) and Notorynchus (B, C). The endocasts are positioned with their anterior ampullae aligned. Note the greater length of the mesencephalic chamber in Cladodoides, resulting in a more anterior location of the hypophyseal chamber and foramina for the oculomotor and optic nerves and efferent pseudobranchial artery. Despite these differences, the position of the trochlear foramen is similar, suggesting that the proportions of the mesencephalic chamber primarily involve its ventral part and may be related to differential development of the polar cartilage. Not to scale.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 15 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 15. Ventral region of the orbit in the Humboldt University specimen (''Cladodus hassiacus''). (A) From Stensiö 1937; (B) with certain features reidentified following the present interpretation of Cladodoides. The unlabeled feature in panel B is simply the clipped wall of the otic capsule. Differing interpretations include the external rectus insertion (previously identified as the trigeminal foramen), the inferred position of the anteroventral lateral line nerve, and reinterpretation of the supposed hyomandibular facet as part of the lateral otic fossa.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 10 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 10. The extent of the polar cartilage­derived region (gray area) in neoselachians. (A) Squalus 50­mm stage, lateral view; (B) Scyliorhinus 36­mm stage, lateral view; (C, D) Heterodontus 62­mm stage, lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Panels A and B are after De Beer 1931; panels C and D are after Holmgren 1941.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →
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Fig. 7 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans

Fig. 7. Medial view of the Cladodoides braincase sliced through the sagittal plane (surface rendering).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2005View details →

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