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1,034 results for “Empirical”
BRAIN Journal-Motor Imagery signal Classification for BCI System Using Empirical Mode Décomposition and Bandpower Feature Extraction-Figure 6. The general conception of our asynchronous system BCI (offline - online) for reinforcement of a joystick movement
<p>Once the motor imagery is identified, a command may be associated to this mental task in order to control a machine (Prataksita et al., (2014)) (Guger et al., 1999). In this work, we constructed a new Simuhnk/MathWork model to translate on-line the EEG signals into low-level commands. Fig. 6 shows our experimental EEG-based BCI System </p>
BRAIN Journal-Motor Imagery signal Classification for BCI System Using Empirical Mode Décomposition and Bandpower Feature Extraction-Figure 1. General architecture of an online (BCI)
<p>One major challenge of our BCI system is to describe the signals EEG by a few relevant values called features i.e. step 3 in Fig (1). The success of the mental imagery classification depends on the choice of features used to characterize the raw EEG signals. These features can then be used in step 4 in order to classify the user’s mental state. Several approaches for feature extraction have been proposed in literature. </p>
BRAIN Journal-Motor Imagery signal Classification for BCI System Using Empirical Mode Décomposition and Bandpower Feature Extraction-Figure 3. Hybrid EMD-BP approach for one trail feature extraction
<p>In this work, we propose a direct nonlinear approach to extract the more relevant IMFs corresponding to the different frequency components in the and bands and then obtain the BP in order to use them as features for mental task classification (see Fig. 3). The feature vector pi used for the demonstration in this paper is composed, for each sample I, 1 < i < 2048, in a given trial (among a total of 160 trials) of four bandpower, calculated of the rhythms and in positions C3 and C4 (Trad et al., 2011).</p>
BRAIN Journal-Motor Imagery signal Classification for BCI System Using Empirical Mode Décomposition and Bandpower Feature Extraction-Figure 2. Timing of one trial of the experiment with continuous feedback (Guger et al, 2001)
<p>At the beginning of each trial (t = 0 s), a fixation cross appeared on the black screen. After two seconds a warning stimulus was given in the form of a beep. From 3 to 4.25s, an arrow (cue stimulus), pointing to the left or right, was shown on the screen. The subject was instructed to imagine a left or right hand movement until the end of the trial, depending on the direction of the arrow. The EEG was sampled and classified on line throughout the session. Between 4.25 and 8s, the classification result was used to give a continuously updated feedback stimulus in the form of a horizontal bar that appeared in the center of the screen. The paradigm is illustrated in fig (2).</p>
BRAIN Journal-An Efficient Combined Meta-Heuristic Algorithm for Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem-Figure 1. The Initial Empires
<p>The ICA is a novel global search strategy which uses imperialism and imperialistic competition process as a source of inspiration. This algorithm is based on the fact that in a real world, countries try to extend their power over other countries in order to use their resources and bolster their own government. The first step in ICA is to generate an initial population like other evolutionary algorithms. The population set includes a number of feasible solutions called a ‘country’, which corresponds to the term ‘chromosome’ in the GA method. These countries are of two types: colonies and imperialists that altogether form some empires. As it is shown in Figure 1 (Atashpaz Gargari & Lucas, 2007), bigger and stronger empires have more colonies than smaller and weaker ones.</p>
BRAIN Journal-An Efficient Combined Meta-Heuristic Algorithm for Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem-Figure 2. Eliminate the weakest colony of the weakest empire
<p>After initial empires are formed, their colonies start moving toward their relevant imperialist country. This movement is a simple model of assimilation policy which was pursued by some of the imperialist states. If one of the colonies possesses more power than its relevant imperialist after this movement, they will exchange their positions. To begin the competition between empires, the total objective function of each empire should be calculated. It depends on the objective function of both an imperialist and its colonies. Imperialistic competition among these empires forms the basis of the proposed evolutionary algorithm. During this competition, weak empires collapse and powerful ones take the possession of their colonies - Figure 2 (Atashpaz Gargari & Lucas, 2007). The empire, which has lost all its colonies, will collapse. </p>
Eight empirical phylogenetic datasets analysed in Rota et al.
<p>Eight empirical phylogenetic datasetes analysed in Rota et al. study "A simple method for data partitioning based on relative evolutionary rates". All eight datasets are given in the phylip format with the alignment followed by partitions defined to correspond to the best partitioning strategy as described in the study. These are the datasets: Arctina, Calisto, Coenonymphina, Choreutidae, Geometridae, Morpho, Noctuidae, and Pieridae. The datasets have been modified from their published versions to reduce the amount of missing data. The details are in the paper.</p>
Dataset of "What Should Developers Be Aware Of? An Empirical Study on the Directives of API Documentation"
<p>Dataset of <em>What Should Developers Be Aware Of? An Empirical Study on the Directives of API Documentation</em> (Martin Monperrus, Michael Eichberg, Elif Tekes, Mira Mezini), In Empirical Software Engineering, Springer, 2011.</p> <p><br> * dataset-src.tar.bz2 contains the source code of the Java libraries used as raw data.<br> * dataset.xml.bz2 contains the API documentation extracted from source code.<br> * directives.xml.bz2 contains the API directives found during the exploratory case study.<br> * directive-appendix.pdf is a human-readable PDF version of directives.xml.bz2.<br> <br> All datasets are published under the Creative Commons Attribution License: if you use them, please cite:<br> </p>
What does Google recommend when you want to compare insurance offerings? – A method and empirical study considering Google's top search results
<p>This dataset is part of a publication and shows Google's search results for German search queries on insurance comparison offerings.</p> <p>Relevant search queries were extracted from a commercial search engine log file consisting of more than 640,000 different search queries. From the log, we extracted a variety of query formulations for the same topic, i.e., queries containing the same word or phrase. The selection was based on pre-defined keywords in the context of insurance comparisons. The queries from the log file were automatically selected by combining the terms "*insurance*" and "*comparison*" (including left as well as right truncation). Examples of such inquiries are "car insurance comparison", "occupational disability insurance comparison", "liability insurance in comparison". This procedure identified a total of 121 different search queries. Scraping of the results took place between 08.05. - 09.05.2018.The adress data were extracted by using a text classification algorithm and a crawler to find the contact data on a website.</p> <p>It is a tab-separated file with the following attributes:</p> <p>ID: Unique row identifier</p> <p>ID Query: Unique search query identifier</p> <p>Query: German search query </p> <p>Position: Result position to the search query </p> <p>URL: URL of the search result </p> <p>Host: Host of the search result </p> <p>Company: Name of the company on the website</p> <p>Street: Street in the address on the website </p> <p>Zipcode: Street in the address on the website </p> <p>Location: Location in the address on the website </p> <p>District: District in the address on the website </p> <p>State: State in the address on the website </p> <p>Country: Country in the address on the website </p>
Exploring Internal Quality Metric Fluctuations in Revision Histories – An Empirical Study
<p>Datasets and analysis script for the article "Exploring Internal Quality Metric Fluctuations in Revision Histories – An Empirical Study" submitted to ESEM'19 under double-blind review and provided as-is.</p>
Empirical modeling of the geomagnetosphere for SIR and CME-driven magnetic storms
<p>Data associated with Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics article titled: "Empirical modeling of the geomagnetosphere for SIR and CME-driven magnetic storms", by V. A. Andreeva and N. A. Tsyganenko.<br> There are:<br> (1) 'Subset_{1,2,3}.dat' incorporating the spacecraft ephemerids and magnetic field measurements, used for the model fitting, as well as input solar wind parameters for the model;</p> <p>(2) 'Data_format.txt' describing the data format in subset files;</p> <p>(3) 'Model_parameters_set_{1,2,3}.par containing the model parameters, obtained during fitting;</p> <p>(4) 'Subroutine_model_TA15_with_Wi.for' - a set of Fortran subroutine for calculating the external magnetospheric magnetic field according to the model described in the paper. <br> Note, that '1', '2' and '3' in the file's name correspond to SIR-induced storms, storms induced by CME without a shock ahead and CME with a shock ahead. For more details please see the paper.</p>
Replication package for "Evolution of statistical analysis in empirical software engineering research: Current state and steps forward"
<p>This is the replication package for the analysis done in the paper "Evolution of statistical analysis in empirical software engineering research: Current state and steps forward" (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.07.002">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.07.002</a>, preprint: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.00933">https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.00933</a>).</p> <p>The package includes CSV files with data on statistical usage extracted from 5 journals in SE (EMSE, IST, JSS, TOSEM, TSE). The data was extracted from papers between 2001 - 2015. The package also contains forms, scripts and figures (generated using the scripts) used in the paper.</p> <p>The extraction tool mentioned in the paper is available in dockerhub via: <a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/robertfeldt/sept">https://hub.docker.com/r/robertfeldt/sept</a></p>
Map of Màndén, the Ghana and Mali empires, and Jùlá trade network
<p>Map of Màndén, the Ghana and Mali empires, and Jùlá trade network. Includes original color and an adapted black and white version.</p> <p>Originally appeared in the following:</p> <p>Donaldson, Coleman. 2017. “Clear Language: Script, Register and the N’ko Movement of Manding-Speaking West Africa.” Doctoral Dissertation, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA. <a href="https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI10681364/">https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI10681364/</a>.</p> <p>Created with data from the following sources:</p> <p>Dalby, David. 1971. “Introduction: Distribution and Nomenclature of the Manding People and Their Language.” In <em>Papers on the Manding</em>, edited by Carleton Hodge, 3:1–13. African Series. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Publications.</p> <p>Launay, Robert. 1983. <em>Traders Without Trade: Responses to Change in Two Dyula Communities</em>. Cambridge University Press.</p> <p>Simonis, Francis. 2010. <em>L’Afrique soudanaise au Moyen âge: le temps des grands empires (Ghana, Mali, Songhaï)</em>. Marseille: CRDP de l’académie d’Aix-Marseille.</p> <p>--</p> <p>Blog: <a href="https://ajami.hypotheses.org/">https://ajami.hypotheses.org/</a><br> Project: <a href="https://www.manuscript-cultures.uni-hamburg.de/ajami/index_e.html">https://www.manuscript-cultures.uni-hamburg.de/ajami/index_e.html</a></p>
Figure 4 in Development of empirical standard weight equation for Pursak chub Squalius pursakensis, an endemic cyprinid species of Northwest Anatolia
Figure 4. Plots showing the distribution of the residuals (a) and the results of the application of the empirical quartiles (EmpQ) method (b) used to investigate potential length bias in the standard mass (W s) equation for Squalius pursakensis. Residuals = standardized residuals of the regression; fitted values = values obtained by the model fit; standardized 75th percentile mean W = standardized 75th percentile mean weights calculated by W equation.
Supplementary data for "Collision-induced absorptions by pure CO2 in the infrared: New measurements in the 1150–4500 cm−1 spectral range and empirical modeling for applications" published in Icarus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116265
<p>Supplementary data for the paper entitled ""Collision-induced absorptions by pure CO2 in the infrared: New measurements in the 1150–4500 cm−1 spectral range and empirical modeling for applications" published in <em>Icarus</em>. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116265</p> <p>These data files contain the coefficients needed to compute the shape of a pure CO2 CIA band at a given temperature (see Eq. (3)) of the paper https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116265</p> <p>"CIA_shape_coeff.dat" involves a CIA band shape without dimer signatures </p> <p>"CIA_dimer_shape_coeff.dat" involves a CIA band shape with dimer signatures </p> <p>"CIA_Fermi_doublet_shape_coeff.dat" involves the Fermi doublet band shape</p> <p>First column is wavenumber in cm-1, the rest of the columns contain the coefficients.</p>
Object-Centric Event Log for Age of Empires Game Interactions
<p>The dataset contains object-centric event logs in the OCEL 2.0 ( <a href="https://www.ocel-standard.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.ocel-standard.org/ </a>) format.</p> <p>The event logs originate from 100,000 Age of Empires 2 matches. In this real-time strategy game, players control units (like villagers or archers) and build structures (like houses or lumber camps) to create an efficient economy and win against the other players. Players can control multiple units at once, and they can utilize game mechanics to automate parts of the process for them, so they must not trigger every event themselves. The beginning of the game focuses on building economic structures that are as efficient as possible. Normative process descriptions, so-called build orders, describe battle-tested interaction patterns for the beginning of the game, similar to chess openings.</p> <p>The large object-centric event log contains 1000 matches and has the following properties:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Property</strong></td> <td><strong>Value</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Objects</td> <td>361,935</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Object Types</td> <td>30</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Events</td> <td>2,372,505</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Event Types</td> <td>829</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>The following table describes the most important object types:<br><br></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Object Type or (Group of Object Types)</strong></td> <td><strong><span>Explanation</span> </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Match</td> <td>The match represents the competition of two players.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Player</td> <td>There is one object per player. They are connected to all events that involve player input.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Session</td> <td>There is one session per player in a match. The session is connected to all events happening on the machine of a player. The events can involve the player directly or they can also be game logic-based events triggered by the game engine.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Villager</td> <td>Worker units to gather resources and build infrastructure.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Town Center</td> <td>Central buildings for villager production and resource drop-off. Capable of setting automated gather points to assign tasks for newly created villagers.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>(Resource Drop-Off Group)</td> <td>Includes Lumber Camps, Mining Camps, and Mills. These facilities not only serve as drop-off points but can automatically command workers to gather the corresponding resources upon build completion.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Farms</td> <td>Agricultural units for a continuous food supply. Farms can sometimes be replenished automatically, depending on game settings or upgrades.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>(Military Buildings)</td> <td>Structures for training military units and producing siege weaponry. Capable of setting gather points to automate unit deployment.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>(Research Buildings)</td> <td> <p>Facilities dedicated to technological advancements and upgrades.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>(Military Units)</td> <td> <p>Units used for combat operations.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>The following table describes the most important activities:</p> <p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Event Type</strong></td> <td><strong><span>Explanation</span></strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Command Build [Structure]</td> <td>Issued by players to direct units to construct buildings.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Start Build [Structure]</td> <td>Marks the beginning of the construction of a building by a designated group of villagers.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Complete Build [Structure]</td> <td>Signals the completion of a building's construction, making the building operational and freeing up capacity of the constructing units.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gather [Resource]</td> <td>Represents the command to a unit to collect resources such as wood, stone, food, or gold.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Command Research [Technology]</td> <td>Issued by players to initiate a research task in a research building.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Start Research [Technology]</td> <td>Marks the beginning of the research process once resources arrived.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Complete Research [Technology]</td> <td>Denotes the completion of a research task, unlocking new technologies or enhancements, and freeing up production capacity.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Command Queue [Unit]</td> <td>Issued by players to add units to the production queue of a building.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Start Production [Unit]</td> <td>Marks the beginning of unit production within a facility, as soon as there is capacity.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Complete Queue [Unit]</td> <td>Signals the end of unit production, resulting in the deployment of a new unit and freeing up production capacity.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>The zip file contains filtered object-centric event logs that only contain 10 matches to explore the data set with faster loading time.</p>
Fig. 8 in The history of the Botanic Garden of Brera during the Restoration of the Austrian Empire and the early years of the Kingdom of Italy
Fig. 8 - Salvia gesneriiflora Lindl. & Paxton (Lamiaceae) (Lemaire Ch. (redigÉ par), 1854 - L'illustration horticole, Gand, 1, tav. 32).
Fig. 5 in The history of the Botanic Garden of Brera during the Restoration of the Austrian Empire and the early years of the Kingdom of Italy
Fig. 5 - Pelargonium zonale (L.) L'HÉrit. (Geraniaceae) (Lemaire Ch. (redigÉ par), 1862 - L'illustration horticole, Gand, 9, tav. 346).
Fig. 7 in The history of the Botanic Garden of Brera during the Restoration of the Austrian Empire and the early years of the Kingdom of Italy
Fig. 7 - Rosa Gruppo Tea 'L'enfant trouvÉ' (Rosaceae) (Lemaire Ch. (redigÉ par), 1862 - L'illustration horticole, Gand, 9, tav. 334).
Fig. 4 in The history of the Botanic Garden of Brera during the Restoration of the Austrian Empire and the early years of the Kingdom of Italy
Fig. 4 - Magnolia ×soulangeana Soul.-Bod. (Magnoliaceae) (Lemaire Ch. (redigÉ par), 1854 - L'illustration horticole, Gand, 1, tav. 37).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.