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238 results for “Experimental testing”
Experimental data testing CO2 × heatwave effects in Pacific herring offspring including data on vital rates and experimental conditions
<p>Forage fish tend to respond strongly to environmental variability and therefore may be particularly sensitive to marine climate stressors. We used controlled laboratory experiments to assess the vulnerability of Pacific herring (<em>Clupea pallasii</em>) embryos to the combined effects of high <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> and a simulated marine heatwave. The two <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> treatments reflected current conditions (~550 µatm) and a future extreme level (~2,300 µatm). The dynamics of heatwave (i.e., rate of onset: ~0.85°C d-<sup>1</sup>; maximum intensity: +4.4°C) were modeled from the most extreme events detected by a long-term regional temperature dataset. Simultaneous exposure to these potential stressors did not affect embryo survival. However, the heatwave did elicit significant metabolic effects that included higher rates of routine metabolism (Q<sub>10</sub> = 1.15 - 1.72), growth (Q<sub>10</sub> = 1.87), rate of development to hatch (Q<sub>10</sub> = 3.01), and yolk consumption (Q<sub>10</sub> = 3.21) as well as a significant reduction in production efficiency (-10.8%) and a three-fold increase in the rate of developmental anomalies. By contrast, high <em>p</em>CO2 conditions produced comparatively small effects to vital rates, including a significant increase in time to hatch (+0.88 d) and a reduction in routine metabolic rate (-6.3%) under the ambient temperature regime only. We found no evidence that high <em>p</em>CO2 increased routine metabolic rate at either temperature. These results indicate that Pacific herring embryos possess sufficient physiological plasticity to cope with extreme seawater acidification under optimal and heatwave temperature conditions, although lingering metabolic inefficiencies induced by the heatwave may lead to important carry-over effects in later life-stages.</p>
Is more less? A comprehensive experimental test of soil depth effects on grassland diversity
<p>Soil depth may affect plant diversity in two apparently opposing manners: on the one hand, deeper soil may increase the available space for below-ground niche partitioning, on the other hand, soil depth may have a negative effect on plant diversity by increasing productivity and the rate of competitive exclusion. Due to the scarcity of experimental studies that actively manipulate soil depth, the conditions under which each mechanism dominates are still unclear. Here, we studied the interactive effects of soil depth with common land use practices, namely, nutrient addition, trampling by grazers, and mowing on plant diversity in grasslands. We manipulated these factors in a full-factorial manner in grassland mesocosms. Soil depth had a strong positive effect on species richness under mowing, suggesting increased space for niche differentiation in deeper soils. In unmown plots, deep soils harboured a similar diversity of species as shallow soils, and our findings suggest that this effect on diversity is due to larger biomass and lower light availability on deep soils. Fertilization and trampling had no effect on diversity. Overall, our findings indicate that soil depth effects on grassland communities strongly interact with common land use practices. We therefore advocate the inclusion of soil depth effects in manipulative experiments and management plans.</p>
The landscape of fear has individual layers: an experimental test of among-individual differences in perceived predation risk during foraging
<p>Perceived predation risk varies in space and time creating a landscape of fear. This key feature of an animal's environment is classically studied as a species-specific property. However, individuals differ in how they solve the trade-off between safety and reward and may, hence, differ consistently and predictively in perceived predation risk across landscapes. To test this hypothesis, we quantified among-individual differences in boldness and activity and exposed behaviourally phenotyped male bank voles (<em>Myodes glareolus</em>) individually to two different experimental landscapes of risks in large outdoor enclosures and provided resources as discrete food patches. We manipulated perceived predation risk via vegetation height between 2 and >30 cm and quantified patch use indirectly via RFID-logging and giving-up densities. We statistically disentangled among-individual differences in microhabitat use from spatially varying perceived risk, i.e. landscape of fear. We found that individuals varied in mean vegetation height of their foraging microhabitats and that this microhabitat selection matched the intrinsic individual differences in perceived risk. As predicted by the patch use model, all individual's perceived higher risks when foraging in lower vegetation. However, individuals differed in their reaction norm slopes of perceived risk to vegetation height, and these differences in slopes were consistent across two different landscapes of risks and resources. We interpret these results as evidence for individual landscapes of fear, which could be predicted by among-individual differences in activity and boldness. Since perceived predation risk affects when and where to forage, among-individual differences in fear responses could act as a mode of intraspecific niche complementarity (i.e. individual niche specialization), help explain behavioural type by environment correlations, and will likely have cascading indirect effects on lower trophic levels.</p>
Data from: Two dimensions of demographic differentiation of species in a mountain grassland community: an experimental test
1. There is remarkable variation in life histories of coexisting plant species. These 'alternative designs' for the given set of environmental conditions are likely to play a role in species niche differences and thus may underlie species coexistence, although there is no clear demonstration of it. Currently available data on within-community differentiation concern primarily easy and measurable traits that are not fully informative of life history variation. Their relevance for functional differentiation of species and species coexistence is far from clear. 2. Here we examined differentiation of coexisting species in demographic parameters and how it determines species' response to neighbors. We determined these parameters for a set of 21 co-occurring species by fitting a process-based model to a long-term (30 yrs) data series of shoot counts. We examined the functional relevance of these parameters using a field experiment. We further asked with which functional traits they are correlated. 3. Species were differentiated along two largely independent axes: (i) slow vs. fast, separating species according to instantaneous growth rate, competitive response and intraspecific density dependence; and (ii) dispersal vs. local dynamics, which separated species with strong dispersal (by seeds or vegetative) from species that tended to stay in the occupied spot. While the slow-fast axis was associated with commonly used leaf and seed traits, the dispersal axis was best predicted by lateral spreading distance. 4. Each of these two axes predicted different components of species' responses to neighbor competition: the slow-fast axis was a good predictor of the short-term response, whereas dispersal axis was a good predictor of the long-term response. 5. Synthesis. Demographic differentiation of coexisting species resembles to an important degree demographic differentiation known from large-scale comparisons. This differentiation is functionally meaningful also at the fine scale; its role in species' responses to competition implies it is involved in species niche differentiation and coexistence. While seed and leaf traits are important correlates of demographic differentiation, a hitherto underappreciated trait, viz. lateral spreading distance, is an important predictor of the dispersal axis at the fine-scale and should be more widely used.
Osteochondral explants as a reliable experimental model to test a promising cell-free approach against osteoarthritis
<p><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/4062030">Datasets of the paper 'Osteochondral explants as a reliable experimental model to test a promising cell-free approach against osteoarthritis</a>'</p>
How consumers value sustainable packaging: an experimental test combining packaging material, claim and price (dataset)
<p>This is the dataset for the paper titled 'How consumers value sustainable packaging: an experimental test combining packaging material, claim and price', published in the British Food Journal (10.1108/BFJ-01-2024-0069). The dataset was restructured for the purpose of multilevel analyses. </p>
Data from: A significant component of ageing (DNA damage) is reflected in fading breeding colors: an experimental test using innate antioxidant mimetics in painted dragon lizards
A decade ahead of their time, von Schantz and coworkers united sexual selection and free radical biology by identifying causal links between deep-rooted physiological processes that dictate resistance to toxic waste from oxidative metabolism (reactive oxygen species), and phenotypic traits, such as ornaments. Ten years later, these ideas have still only been tested with indirect estimates of free radical levels (oxidative stress) subsequent to the action of innate and dietary antioxidants. Here we measure net superoxide (a selection pressure for antioxidant production) and experimentally manipulate superoxide antioxidation using a synthetic mimetic of superoxide dismutase, Eukarion 134 (EUK). We then measure the toxic effect of superoxide in terms of DNA erosion and concomitant loss of male breeding coloration in the lizard, Ctenophorus pictus. Control males suffered more DNA damage than EUK-males. Spectroradiometry showed that male coloration is lost in relation to superoxide and covaries with DNA erosion; in control males these variables explained 72 % of color loss, whereas in EUK males, the fading of coloration was unaffected by superoxide and unrelated to DNA damage. Thus, EUK's powerful antioxidation removes the erosion effect of superoxide on coloration and experimentally verifies the prediction that colors reflect innate capacity for antioxidation.
Data from: On the equivalence of host local adaptation and parasite maladaptation: an experimental test
In spatio-temporally varying environments, host-parasite coevolution may lead to either host or parasite local adaptation. Using reciprocal infestations over 11 pairs of plots, we tested local adaptation in the hen flea and its main host, the great tit. Flea reproductive success (number of adult at host fledging) was lower on host individuals from the same plot compared to foreign hosts (from another plot), revealing flea local maladaptation. Host reproductive success (number of fledged young) was lower for nests infested by foreign fleas compared to controls, with an intermediate success for nests infested by local fleas. This suggests host local adaptation although the absence of local adaptation could not be excluded. However, fledglings were heavier and larger when reared with foreign compared to local fleas, which could also indicate host local maladaptation if the fitness gain in offspring size offsets the potential cost in offspring number. Our results therefore challenge the traditional view that parasite local maladaptation is equivalent to host local adaptation. The differences in fledgling morphology between nests infested with local and foreign fleas suggest that flea origin affects host resource allocation strategy between nestling growth and defense against parasites. Therefore determining the mechanisms that underlie these local adaptation patterns requires the identification of the relevant fitness measures and life-history trade-offs in both species.
Data from: Mate choice and the operational sex ratio: an experimental test with robotic crabs
The operational sex ratio (OSR) (sexually active males: receptive females) predicts the intensity of competition for mates. It is less clear, however, under what circumstances the OSR predicts the strength of sexual selection – that is, the extent to which variation in mating success is attributable to traits that increase the bearer's attractiveness and/or fighting ability. To establish causality experiments are required that manipulate OSR. Furthermore, if it is possible to control for any OSR-dependent changes in the chosen sex (e.g. changes in male courtship), we can directly test whether the OSR affects the behaviour of the choosing sex (e.g. female choice decisions). We conducted female mate choice experiments in the field using robotic models of male fiddler crabs (Uca mjoebergi). We used a novel design with two females tested sequentially per trial. As in nature, the choice of the first female to mate therefore affected the mates available to the next female. In general we detected significant sexual selection due to female choice for 'males' with larger claws. Importantly, the strength of sexual selection did not vary across five different OSR/density treatments. However, as the OSR decreased (hence the number of available males declined), females chose the 'males' with the largest claws available significantly more often than expected by chance. Possible reasons for this mismatch between the expected and observed effects of the OSR on the strength of sexual selection are discussed.
Data from: Metabolism drives demography in an experimental field test
<p>Metabolism should drive demography by determining the rates of both biological work and resource demand. Long-standing 'rules' for how metabolism should covary with demography permeate biology, from predicting the impacts of climate change to managing fisheries. Evidence for these rules is almost exclusively indirect and in the form of among-species comparisons, while direct evidence is exceptionally rare. In a manipulative field experiment on a sessile marine invertebrate, we created experimental populations that varied systematically in population size (density) and metabolic rate, but not body size. We then tested key theoretical predictions regarding relationships between metabolism and demography by parameterising population models with lifetime performance data from our field experiment. We found populations with higher metabolisms had greater intrinsic rates of increase and lower carrying capacities, in qualitative accordance with classic theory, but we also found important departures from theory. In particular, carrying capacity declined less steeply than predicted, such that energy use at equilibrium increased with metabolic rate, violating the long-standing axiom of energy equivalence. Theory holds that energy equivalence emerges because resource supply is assumed to be independent of metabolic rate. We find this assumption to be violated under real world conditions – with potentially far-reaching consequences for the management of biological systems.</p>
Data for: Experimental test of the influence of light availability on the evolution of eye size and behavior in Daphnia
<p>There exists extensive variation in eye size. Much work has provided a connection between light availability and differences in eye size across taxa. Experimental tests of the role of the light environment on the evolution of eye size are lacking. Here we performed a selection experiment that examined the influence of light availability on shifts in eye size and the connection between eye size and phototactic (anti-predator) behavior in <em>Daphnia</em>. We set up replicate experimental populations of <em>Daphnia</em>, repeatedly evaluated phenotypic shifts in eye size during the ~50-day experiment and performed a common garden experiment at the end of the experiment to test for evolutionary shifts in eye size and behavior. Our phenotypic analyses showed that eye size rapidly diverged between the light treatments; relative eye size was consistently larger in the low versus high light treatments. Selection on eye size was also modified by variation in density as increases in <em>Daphnia</em> density favored a larger eye. However, we did not observe differences in eye size between the light treatments following two generations of common garden rearing at the end of the experiment. We instead observed strong shifts in anti-predator behavior. <em>Daphnia</em> from the low light treatment exhibited decreased phototactic responses to light. Our results show that decreased light relaxes selection on anti-predator behavior. Such trends provide new insights into selection on eye size and behavior. </p>
SUMO input route files used for experimental testing in Master's dissertation
<p>SUMO Simulator input route files that were used to generate an edge lane emissions file for each of the two scenarios considered in my Master's dissertation experimental testing.</p>
Artifact for paper "An Experimental Evaluation of Conformance Testing Techniques in Active Automata Learning" at MODELS 2023
<p>This is the archival artifact intended for artefact evaluation of the paper "An Experimental Evaluation of Conformance Testing Techniques in Active Automata Learning" accepted at MODELS 2023. </p>
Assessment of PF614 Effects on Experimental Pain in the Cold Pressure Test (PF614-201)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06629402. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Feasibility Test of the Treatment Program iACT-by Proxy - a Single Case Experimental Design
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04830605. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 20.
Testing Experimental Anti-cancer Drug SLC-391 With an Approved Immunotherapy Drug, Pembrolizumab, for Advanced Lung Cancers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05860296. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
A Study to Test Experimental Blood Stage Malaria Vaccine in Burkina Faso.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05790889. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Experimentally Testing the Effectiveness of a Campus-based Bystander Intervention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02083302. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Study to Test Three Experimental HIV Vaccines in Healthy Adults.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04553016. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 3. Publications: 1.
Test-Retest Reliability of an Experimental Model of Shoulder Muscle Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05412316. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.