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opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Figure 20 in Population ecology of Ctenolepisma (C.) udumalpetense (Insecta: Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) in a deciduous forest floor of the Trimurti Dam, Tamil Nadu, India

Figure 20. Regression of Temperature on C. (C.) udumalpetense population in first row.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Figure 22 in Population ecology of Ctenolepisma (C.) udumalpetense (Insecta: Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) in a deciduous forest floor of the Trimurti Dam, Tamil Nadu, India

Figure 22 Regression of N (%) on C. (C.) udumalpetense population in first row.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2011View details →

Fig. 2 in Landscape Ecological Analysis Of Taurkalne Forest Tract Fragmentation

Fig. 2. Road network length (km) by category.

Figure 3 in Ecological conditions of Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Sokokembang Forest (Central Java, Indonesia) through distribution and food preferences

Figure 3. Percentage composition of plant parts eaten by Javan langurs in Sokokembang forest.

Figure 4 in Ecological conditions of Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Sokokembang Forest (Central Java, Indonesia) through distribution and food preferences

Figure 4. Distribution map of Javan langur food plants.

Figure 1 in Ecological conditions of Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Sokokembang Forest (Central Java, Indonesia) through distribution and food preferences

Figure 1. Location of Sokokembang forest, Pekalongan Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.

Figure 5 in Ecological conditions of Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Sokokembang Forest (Central Java, Indonesia) through distribution and food preferences

Figure 5. Percentage of canopy stratum utilization by Javan langurs in Sokokembang forest.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Illuminating ecology and distribution of the rare fungus Phellinidium pouzarii in the Bavarian Forest National Park

Due to their cryptic lifestyle, hidden diversity and a lack of ecological knowledge, conservation of wood-inhabiting fungi used to be a niche interest. Molecular methods are able to provide deeper insights into the ecology of rare fungal species. We investigated the occurrence of the rare wood-inhabiting fungus Phellinidium pouzarii across the Bavarian Forest National Park in Germany using a fruit body survey, metabarcoding and qPCR. Additionally, we sequenced the genome of P. pouzarii and characterized the chemical substances responsible for its distinctive scent. Our approach gave matching results between amplicon sequencing and qPCRs, however, we found no evidence that P. pouzarii is more abundant in the National Park than we can assume based on fruit body inventories, underlining the species’ critically endangered status. Genomics revealed P. pouzariis repertoire of ligninolytic enzymes, pointing towards a white rot lifestyle. Two main components of P. pouzariis distinct odour we identified (2-phenylethanol, methyl p-anisate) are known to act as insect attractants and/or to possess antimicrobial properties. While P. pouzarii seems to be less competitive than other white-rotters based on its enzymatic repertoire, copy number variation and genome size, the production of 2-phenylethanol might be a way of reducing competition and facilitate dispersal via insects.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Ecological and metabolomic responses of plants to deer exclosure in a suburban forest

Trees and shrubs in suburban forests can be subject to chronic herbivory from abundant white-tailed deer, influencing survival, growth, secondary metabolites and ecological success in the community. We investigated how deer affect the size, cover, and metabolomes of four species in the understory of a suburban forest in central New Jersey, USA: the woody shrubs Euonymus alatus and Lindera benzoin, the tree Nyssa sylvatica, and the semi-woody shrub Rosa multiflora. For each species, we compared plants in 38 16 m2 plots with or without deer exclosure, measuring proportion cover and mean height after 6.5 years of fencing. We scored each species in all plots for deer browsing over eight years and assessed selection by deer among the species. We did untargeted metabolomics by sampling leaves from three plants of each species in an equal number of fenced and unfenced plots, conducting chloroform-methanol extractions followed by LC-MS/MS, and conducting statistical analysis on MetaboAnalyst. The proportion of a species browsed ranged from 0.24 to 0.35. Nyssa sylvatica appeared most selected by and susceptible to deer; in unfenced plots both its cover and mean height were significantly lower. Only cover or height was lower for E. alatus and L. benzoin in unfenced plots, while R. multiflora height was greater. The metabolomic analysis identified 2,333 metabolites, which clustered by species but not fencing treatment. However, targeted analysis of the top metabolites grouped by fencing for all samples and for each species alone, and was especially clear in N. sylvatica, which also grouped by fencing using all metabolites. The most significant metabolites that were upregulated in fenced plants include some involved in defense-related metabolic pathways, e.g. monoterpenoid biosynthesis. In overbrowsed suburban forests, variation of deer impact on species' ecological success, potentially mediated by metabolome-wide chemical responses to deer, may contribute to changes in community structure.

opencc-zeroFeb 2023View details →

Data for: Ecological and evolutionary origin of Costus flammulus (Costaceae): A new species from the montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica

Costus flammulus is a new herbaceous species endemic to montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica. Costus flammulus has been mistaken for C. wilsonii, but phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that it is closely related to the widespread lowland species C. pulverulentus. Here, we used an integrated framework of species concepts to evaluate whether C. flammulus and C. pulverulentus are distinct species. First, we re-evaluate prior phylogenetic analyses to assess whether C. flammulus bifurcated from or budded off from within C. pulverulentus and whether C. flammulus is monophyletic. We then compare phenotypic traits to determine which diagnostic vegetative and inflorescence traits can be used to identify species in herbarium specimens and examine whether floral traits may confer floral isolation. We compare pollinator assemblages to examine whether pollinator specificity may contribute to reproductive isolation. Finally, we model species distributions and climatic niche overlap to assess ecogeographic isolation. We found that C. flammulus is a monophyletic species phenotypically, ecologically, and geographically distinct from C. pulverulentus and may have speciated as a peripheral isolate at the high elevation range edge of C. pulverulentus. Several lines of evidence, such as C. pulverulentus paraphyly, range size asymmetry, and C. flammulus' nested distribution and vegetative traits, suggest that C. flammulus budded off from a C. pulverulentus‐like progenitor species, evolving to tolerate a colder and more seasonal montane environment.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Saul Flores data for manuscript in ECOLOGY: Extreme drought disrupts plant phenology: insights from 35 years of cloud forest data in Venezuela

Venezuela cloud forest phenology data for tree flowers and fruits.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Long-term ecological responses of a lowland dipterocarp forest to climate changes and nutrient availability at Bulusan Lake

This data publication encompasses the datasets generated in a study focusing on reconstructing ecological responses to climatic and nutrient availability changes during the late Holocene in northern Philippines. The data comes from samples taken from sediment cores retrieved from Bulusan Lake, located on Luzon Island, Philippines, in March 2013. In these samples, we analyzed fossil pollen and spores (a proxy for plant taxa abundance), charcoal (a proxy for fire activity), stable carbon isotopic composition of terrestrial-lipid biomarkers (a proxy for vegetation cover), stable nitrogen and phosphate isotope composition of bulk sediments, and elemental composition of sediment cores at a high resolution (proxies for nutrient availability and volcanic activity). The dataset also includes links to records generated in a previous study on the same sediments (Prohaska et al. 2023), where we measured the stable hydrogen isotopic composition of terrestrial-lipid biomarkers to reconstruct past hydrological conditions, as well as the magnetic susceptibility record and AMS dates of plant macrofossils to calculate sediment accumulation ages. The data generation spanned the period from April 2013 to September 2020, and the data files are provided in Excel spreadsheet format.