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114 results for “Hadrosaurid”
Data from: Morphological innovation and the evolution of hadrosaurid dinosaurs
The hadrosaurids were a successful group of herbivorous dinosaurs. During the Late Cretaceous, 100 to 66 million years ago, hadrosaurids had high diversity, rapid speciation rates, and wide geographic distribution. Most hadrosaurids were large-bodied and had similar postcranial skeletons. However, they show important innovations in the skull, including disparate crests that functioned as socio-sexual display structures, and a complex feeding apparatus, with specialized jaws bearing dental batteries. Little is known about the macroevolutionary processes that produced these evolutionary novelties. Here we provide novel perspectives using evolutionary rates and disparity analyses. Our results show that hadrosaurid cranial evolution was complex and dynamic, but their postcranial skeleton and body size were conservative. High cranial disparity was achieved through multiple bursts of phenotypic innovation. We highlight contrasting evolutionary trends between the disparate facial skeleton and crests, which both showed multiple high-rate shifts, and the feeding apparatus, which had low variance and high rates on a single phylogenetic branch leading to the diverse Saurolophidae, within hadrosaurids. We reveal that rapid evolutionary rates were important for producing the high disparity of exaggerated crests, and present novel evidence that the hadrosaurid diversification was linked to both a key adaptive innovation in the feeding apparatus, and to multiple bursts of innovation in socio-sexual displays.
Testing size-frequency distributions as a method of ontogenetic aging: a life history assessment of hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, with implications for hadrosaurid paleoecology
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Hadrosaurid dinosaurs, the dominant large-bodied terrestrial herbivores in most Laurasian Late Cretaceous ecosystems, have an exceptional fossil record consisting of many species known from partial ontogenetic series making them an ideal clade with which to conduct life history studies. Previous research considered the Dinosaur Park Formation (DPF) of Alberta as an attritional, or time-averaged, sample and interpreted size-frequency distribution of long bones collected from the DPF with three size classes to suggest that hadrosaurids from the DPF attained near-asymptotic body size in under three years. This conflicted with previously published osteohistological estimates of 6+ years for penecontemporaneous hadrosaurids from the Two Medicine Formation (TMF) of Montana suggesting either extreme variation in hadrosaurid growth rates or that size-frequency distributions and/or osteohistology and growth modeling inaccurately estimate ontogenetic age.</p> <p>We tested the validity of the previously proposed size-age relationship of hadrosaurids from the DPF by significantly increasing sample size and combining data from size-frequency distributions and osteohistology across multiple long bones elements. The newly constructed size-frequency distributions typically reveal four relatively distinct size-frequency peaks that, when integrated with the osteohistological data, aligned with growth marks. The yearling size class was heavily underrepresented in the size-frequency distribution. If not due to preservation, this suggests that either juvenile (< 2 years of age) hadrosaurids from the DPF had increased survivorship following an initially high nestling mortality rate, or that yearlings were segregated from adults. A growth curve analysis revealed asymptotic body size was attained in approximately 7 years, which is consistent with hadrosaurids from the TMF. The data suggest size-frequency distributions of attritional samples underestimate age and overestimate growth rates, but when paired with osteohistology can provide unique life history insights.</p>
Fig. 18 in New hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the uppermost Cretaceous of northeastern China
Fig. 18. Phylogenetic relationships of Sahaliyania elunchunorum and Wulagasaurus dongi within the Hadrosauridae. Letters correspond to the nodes defined in Appendix 4.
Fig. 2. A in New hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the uppermost Cretaceous of northeastern China
Fig. 2. A. The hadrosaurid dinosaur Sahaliyania elunchunorum gen. et sp. nov., holotype GMH W453 from the Upper Cretaceous Yuliangze Formation at the Wulaga quarry, China. B. Hypacrosaurus altispinus Brown, 1913, specimen AMNH 5248 from the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada. Braincases in dorsal (A1, A2) and left lateral (A3, A4) views; photographs (A1, A3) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4), with close−ups of the frontal region in S. elunchunorum (A5) and H. altispinus (B). Dotted lines indicate hypothetical sutures.
Fig. 7. A in New hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the uppermost Cretaceous of northeastern China
Fig. 7. A. Relative growth of the ventral deflection of the rostral part (y) and of the length (x) of the dentary in lambeosaurine dinosaurs. B. Explanation of the measurements.
Data from: Morphological innovation and the evolution of hadrosaurid dinosaurs
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Testing size-frequency distributions as a method of ontogenetic aging: a life history assessment of hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada, with implications for hadrosaurid paleoecology
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 3 in Cranial anatomy and systematics of Hypacrosaurus altispinus, and a comparative analysis of skull growth in lambeosaurine hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)
Figure 3. Skull of a subadult Hypacrosaurus altispinus, CMN 2246, in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views. Shaded areas in outline drawings represent regions obscured by plaster reconstruction. See text for list of anatomical abbreviations. Scale bar: 5 cm.
Figure 10 in Cranial anatomy and systematics of Hypacrosaurus altispinus, and a comparative analysis of skull growth in lambeosaurine hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)
Figure 10. Braincase of Hypacrosaurus altispinus. AMNH 5248, skull roof in dorsal view (A), and ventral view with basicranial region removed (B). CMN 2246, caudolateral wall of braincase in lateroventral view (C). Roman numerals indicate foramina for corresponding cranial nerves. See text for list of anatomical abbreviations. Scale bars: 5 cm in (A) and (B); 3 cm in (C).
Figure 13 in Cranial anatomy and systematics of Hypacrosaurus altispinus, and a comparative analysis of skull growth in lambeosaurine hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)
Figure 13. Hypothetical cranial growth series of Corythosaurus casuarius (top), Hypacrosaurus altispinus (middle), and Lambeosaurus lambei (bottom), drawn approximately to scale. The individual specimens are positioned on the corresponding scale according to their percentage maximum observed skull length. Scale bar: 20 cm.
Figure 5 in Cranial anatomy and systematics of Hypacrosaurus altispinus, and a comparative analysis of skull growth in lambeosaurine hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)
Figure 5. Premaxilla and nasal bones of Hypacrosaurus altispinus in lateral view. A, ROM 702, articulated premaxilla– nasal crest. B, ROM 702, rostral region of the premaxilla. Grey regions represented the nasal cavities. C, CMN 8675, articulated premaxilla–nasal crest. See text for list of anatomical abbreviations. Scale bars: 10 cm.
Figure 2 in Cranial anatomy and systematics of Hypacrosaurus altispinus, and a comparative analysis of skull growth in lambeosaurine hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)
Figure 2. Skull of a juvenile Hypacrosaurus altispinus, CMN 2247, in lateral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views. The shaded areas in outline drawings represent regions obscured by plaster reconstruction. See text for list of anatomical abbreviations. Scale bars: 5 cm.
Figure 4 in Cranial anatomy and systematics of Hypacrosaurus altispinus, and a comparative analysis of skull growth in lambeosaurine hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)
Figure 4. Skulls of Hypacrosaurus altispinus in lateral view. A, TMP 82.10.01, subadult skull. B, CMN 8501, grey areas represent mounting hardware. See text for list of anatomical abbreviations. Scale bar: 20 cm.
Figure 11 in Cranial anatomy and systematics of Hypacrosaurus altispinus, and a comparative analysis of skull growth in lambeosaurine hadrosaurids (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)
Figure 11. Braincase of Hypacrosaurus altispinus, ROM 702, in dorsal (A), ventral (B), caudal (C), and right lateral (D) views. See text for list of anatomical abbreviations. Scale bar: 5 cm.
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