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Fig. 5 in Anatomical Study of the Right Forearm and Hand of One Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) for Comparison with Humans with Respect to Motions of the Thumb and Fingers

Fig. 5. Palmar aspect of the proximal phalanx. An osseous crest is seen along each edge of the palmar aspect of the phalanx and the groove is formed between those crests. The head of the proximal phalanx slants palmarward.

Fig. 3. Underdeveloped thumb flexor. A in Anatomical Study of the Right Forearm and Hand of One Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) for Comparison with Humans with Respect to Motions of the Thumb and Fingers

Fig. 3. Underdeveloped thumb flexor. A. The tendon of the thumb flexor is much thinner than that of FDS or FDP; B. Its muscle belly (uFPL) bifurcates from the distal portion of FDP muscle of the index finger; C. Pulling FDP index finger at its myotendinous junction with a retractor revealed that the thumb and the index finger were flexed simultaneously.

Fig. 4. Finger flexor sheath and pulley system. A in Anatomical Study of the Right Forearm and Hand of One Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) for Comparison with Humans with Respect to Motions of the Thumb and Fingers

Fig. 4. Finger flexor sheath and pulley system. A. The entire sheath of the finger flexor of the ring finger is shown with the names of individual pulleys. The very thick and wide A2′ pulley (a white thick arrow) is located between A2 and C1; B. The inner surface of the sheath showing that A2′ pulley is twice as wide as A3.

Fig. 2 in Anatomical Study of the Right Forearm and Hand of One Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) for Comparison with Humans with Respect to Motions of the Thumb and Fingers

Fig. 2. The subcutaneous structures of the palm. A. The palmar aponeurosis is absent except for its most distal parts: natatory ligaments (white arrows); B. The ligamentous fibers (white arrows) arising from the distal margin of the flexor retinaculum; C. Ligamentous septum (a white arrow) along the flexor tendon formed with those ligamentous fibers.

Fig. 10 in Anatomical Study of the Right Forearm and Hand of One Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) for Comparison with Humans with Respect to Motions of the Thumb and Fingers

Fig. 10. The insertions of the first dorsal interosseous muscle. A. The distal portion of the 1st DI muscle is voluminously muscular and passes into the tendinous portion of the interosseous hood at the level of the proximal portion of the proximal phalanx; B. The tendinous insertion to the proximal phalanx base is exposed by reflect- ing the extensor apparatus. The tendon has been divided to explore the deeper structure and then re-sutured.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2016View details →

BRAIN Journal-Motor Imagery signal Classification for BCI System Using Empirical Mode Décomposition and Bandpower Feature Extraction-Figure 4. The EMD decomposition results for subject 2 when he imagines left hand movement

Fig. 4 shows the EMD decomposition result of one-trial (left hand movement imagination) for subject 2 in the channels C3 and C4 respectively (the pre-filtered EEG signal used for this illustration is not corrupted by blinking artifact.). Each channel is decomposed into ten IMFs and one residue

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2016View details →

BRAIN Journal-Motor Imagery signal Classification for BCI System Using Empirical Mode Décomposition and Bandpower Feature Extraction-Figure 4b. The EMD decomposition results for subject 2 when he imagines left hand movement

d et al., 2011). Fig. 4 shows the EMD decomposition result of one-trial (left hand movement imagination) for subject 2 in the channels C3 and C4 respectively (the pre-filtered EEG signal used for this illustration is not corrupted by blinking artifact.). Each channel is decomposed into ten IMFs and one residue.

opencc-by-nc-nd-4.0Mar 2018View details →

Medieval Book Hand Scribes

This is a data set comprising 46 medieval scribes writing in book hand scripts. Each scribe is represented by 20 manuscript images (pages or spreads). Documentation in the file doc.pdf.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Attempted Arm and Hand Movements can be Decoded from Low-Frequency EEG from Persons with Spinal Cord Injury

We show that persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) retain decodable neural correlates of attempted arm and hand movements. We investigated hand open, palmar grasp, lateral grasp, pronation, and supination in 10 persons with cervical SCI. Discriminative movement information was provided by the time-domain of low-frequency electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Based on these signals, we obtained a maximum average classification accuracy of 45% (chance level was 20%) with respect to the five investigated classes. Pattern analysis indicates central motor areas as the origin of the discriminative signals. Furthermore, we introduce a proof-of-concept to classify movement attempts online in a closed loop, and tested it on a person with cervical SCI. We achieved here a modest classification performance of 68.4% with respect to palmar grasp vs hand open (chance level 50%).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Anomaly-free, flavour-dependent U(1) charge assignments for Standard Model/Standard Model plus three right-handed neutrino fermionic content

We present lists of anomaly-free charge combinations up to a maximum magnitude charge Qmax given by the number at the end of the filename. Filenames beginning "SMcharges" are for the Standard Model fermion content, whereas "SMnuRcharges" are for Standard Model plus three right-handed neutrino fermion content. Use the bunzip2 program to unpack the larger files with a bz2 suffix. The files searchU1.cpp and searchU1.h contain C++ files (in the 2014 standard) to produce the solutions. runme.sh is a bash script that compiles the programs and then runs it several times, once to produce each file. filterNeut.cpp contains an example program that reads in one of the solution lists, applies a filter to it, and only prints out solutions that satisfy the filter. These data and programs are based on this paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.04602

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2019View details →

A calibrated database of kinematics and EMG of the forearm and hand during activities of daily living

KIN-MUS UJI Dataset contains 572 recordings with anatomical angles and forearm muscle activity of 22 subjects while performing 26 representative activities of daily living. This dataset is, to our knowledge, the biggest currently available hand kinematics and muscle activity dataset to focus on goal-oriented actions. Data were recorded using a CyberGlove instrumented glove and surface EMG electrodes, both properly synchronised. Eighteen hand anatomical angles were obtained from the glove sensors by a validated calibration procedure. Surface EMG activity was recorded from seven representative forearm areas. The statistics verified that data were not affected by the experimental procedures and were similar to the data acquired under real-life conditions.   Data Sets: Data are presented as a  Matlab data structure (.mat file). This structure contains all the recorded kinematic and muscle activity data classified as: ADL, phase (reaching, manipulation or release) and subject. The fields contained in the structure are those detailed in the following scheme: <ul> <li>Subject: subject ID;</li> <li>ADL: ADL ID;</li> <li>Phase: phase of movement. 1 corresponds to reaching; 2 corresponds to manipulation; 3 corresponds to releasing.</li> <li>Time: Time stamp</li> <li>Angles (18 columns): Calibrated anatomical angles</li> <li>Muscle activity (7 columns): Normalised signal for the seven representative spot areas, according to [1].</li> </ul> RAW_EMG struct provides the raw sEMG data, without any filter and not resampled, so that researchers may choose to condition the signals as they please. The fields contained in this structure are those detailed in the following scheme: <ul> <li>Subject: subject ID;</li> <li>ADL: ADL ID, according to Table 1;</li> <li>Time: Time stamp; this field corresponds with the time stamp of the previous structure.</li> <li>Raw EMG data (7 columns): Raw sEMG data without any filter and not resampled, for the seven representative spot areas according to [1].</li> </ul> [1] Jarque-Bou, N. J., Vergara, M., Sancho-Bru, J. L., Alba, R.-S. & Gracia-Ibáñez, V. Identification of forearm skin zones with similar muscle activation patterns during activities of daily living. J. NeuroEngineering Rehabil. (2018).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2015View details →

Text-fig. 3. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MAT. Right-hand positoned large bold figures and shaded areas in each case indicate the Coexistence Interval, with the number of overlapping taxa being at a maximum. in Palaeoenvironmental Analysis Of The Messinian Macrofossil Floras Of Tossignano And Monte Tondo (Vena Del Gesso Basin, Romagna Apennines, Northern Italy)

Text-fig. 3. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MAT. Right-hand positoned large bold figures and shaded areas in each case indicate the Coexistence Interval, with the number of overlapping taxa being at a maximum.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2007View details →

Text-fig. 5. Scattered valves of Aulacoseira distans (EHRENBERG) SIMONSEN 1979, cracked valves of Ellerbeckia arenaria (MOORE) CRAWFORD 1988 and Tetracyclus ellipticus (EHRENBERG) GRUNOW 1862 as well as broken scleres of freshwater sponges (on the right hand) are lying in a clayish matrix. SEM-photograph, sample Sf 380, seam 4. in Siliceous Microfossils From The Oligocene Tripoli-Deposit Of Seifhennersdorf

Text-fig. 5. Scattered valves of Aulacoseira distans (EHRENBERG) SIMONSEN 1979, cracked valves of Ellerbeckia arenaria (MOORE) CRAWFORD 1988 and Tetracyclus ellipticus (EHRENBERG) GRUNOW 1862 as well as broken scleres of freshwater sponges (on the right hand) are lying in a clayish matrix. SEM-photograph, sample Sf 380, seam 4.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Figure. The left-hand photo shows the Basra Reed-warbler (Acrocephalus griseldis) caught at Aras River Ornithological Research Station. The right-hand photo compares A. griseldis (left) with a Great Reed-warbler (A. arundinaceus, right). in Endangered Basra Reed-warbler (Acrocephalus griseldis) recorded for the first time in Turkey (Aves: Acrocephalidae)

Figure. The left-hand photo shows the Basra Reed-warbler (Acrocephalus griseldis) caught at Aras River Ornithological Research Station. The right-hand photo compares A. griseldis (left) with a Great Reed-warbler (A. arundinaceus, right).

Fig. 2 in Hands, feet, and behaviour in Pinacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae)

Fig. 2. Ankylosaurid dinosaur Pinacosaurus from Upper Cretaceous of Bayan Mandahu, China (all specimens in IVPP). Oblique photograph of the Canada−China Dinosaur Project quarry in 1990 at Bayan Mandahu, China. The articulated skeletons are lettered from A to F, and these letters correspond to those in the quarry diagram (Fig. 3).

Fig. 8 in Hands, feet, and behaviour in Pinacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae)

Fig. 8. Ankylosaurid dinosaur Pinacosaurus (MPC 100/1308) from the Alagteeg Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alag Teeg, Mongolia. Outlines of distal ends of tibia and fibula (grey infilling) overlain by outlines of the proximal ends of the metatarsals. Anterior is towards the top.

Fig. 5 in Hands, feet, and behaviour in Pinacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae)

Fig. 5. Ankylosaurid dinosaurs Pinacosaurus (MPC 100/1358) from the Alagteeg Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alag Teeg, Mongolia. Right metacarpus in proximal (A), anterior (B), and distal (C) views. Fifth metacarpal is incomplete distally.

Fig. 9 in Hands, feet, and behaviour in Pinacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae)

Fig. 9. Ankylosaurid dinosaur Pinacosaurus (MPC 100/1307) from the Alagteeg Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alag Teeg, Mongolia. Right tarsus, metatarsus and digits in ventral view.

Fig. 12 in Hands, feet, and behaviour in Pinacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae)

Fig. 12. Distribution of some of the Pinacosaurus specimens in most concentrated section at Alag Teeg, Alagteeg Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Mongolia. Lettering of individuals was assigned in the order of discovery and excavation, and each corresponds to a specimen listed under the "Material Studied" section. For example "A" on the drawing corresponds to "Ank A", which is MPC 100/1318. Units are in meters.

Fig. 11 in Hands, feet, and behaviour in Pinacosaurus (Dinosauria: Ankylosauridae)

Fig. 11. Ankylosaurid dinosaur Pinacosaurus (MPC 100/1316) from the Alagteeg Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Alag Teeg, Mongolia. Left (to the left) and right fourth digits of the feet of a single individual showing different phalangeal counts.