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FIG. 26. — Horse T in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 26. — Horse T_1490: lesion on the dorsal spinous process of the thoracic vertebra 10. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 25. — Horse T in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 25. — Horse T_1490: overriding/impingement of dorsal spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae 11-15 and the lesions on the lateral portion of spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae 11-12. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 23. — Horse M in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 23. — Horse M_802: bone proliferations on the posterior articular process of thoracic vertebra 18. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 33 in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 33. — Widening of the vascular channels observed on the navicular bones. From the top normal navicular bone of the horse K_802, and widened vascular channels in horses M_802, T_3258, T_3256. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 30. — Horse K in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 30. — Horse K_801: bony reactions on corresponding articular surfaces of central and third tarsal bone. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 21. — Horse T in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 21. — Horse T_3256: medial groove formation on the right nasal process of the incisive bone. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 20 in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 20. — Proliferative periosteal lesions on the mandibular bone of the horse T_3256. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 16. — A, Horse T in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 16. — A, Horse T_3256: Ossification of the nuchal ligament attachment site (score 1/2); B, horse T_3258: ossification of the nuchal ligament attachment site (score 4/4); C, horse T_1490: ossification of the nuchal ligament attachment site (score 5/5). Scale bars: 5 cm.

FIG. 15 in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 15. — Comparison of the ratio of measurements Bd/GL*100 on horse metacarpals (left) and metatarsals (right) from Brno and Zdice (grey points) with the mean ratios of horses from Czech Medieval sites and modern specimens of Arabian horse, heavy horse, and Equus caballus przewalskii Poliakov, 1881. Abbreviations:Bd, greatest breadth of the distal epiphysis; GL, greatest length.

FIG. 38. — Horse T in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 38. — Horse T_3258: severe new bone formation on the medial side of the right posterior proximal phalanx. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 37. — Horse T in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 37. — Horse T_3258: new bone formation located proximally on the dorsal aspect of the left posterior middle phalanx. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 24. — Horse T in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 24. — Horse T_3256: overriding/impingement of dorsal spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae 9-12. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 14 in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 14. — Robusticity Comparison of the ratio of measurements SD/GL*100 on horse metacarpals (left) and metatarsals (right) from Brno with the mean ratios of horses from Czech Medieval sites and modern specimens of Arabian horse, heavy horse, and Equus caballus przewalskii Poliakov, 1881. Abbreviations:GL, greatest length; SD, smallest width of the diaphysis.

FIG. 13 in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 13. — Comparison of the LSI distribution of horses from Brno and modern specimens of the Arabian horse Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758, draft horse and Equus caballus przewalskii Poliakov, 1881 calculated from the greatest length (GL) of long bones and standard set of values derived from the average size of Equus hemionus Pallas,1775 onager. Abbreviations:F, femur;H, humerus;MC, metacarpus;MT, metatarsus;Ph IA, anterior first phalanx;Ph IP, posterior first phalanx;R, radius;T, tibia.

FIG. 3 in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

FIG. 3. — Trnitá Street, Brno: excavated plot with horse burials. Gray, excavated plot; red, trenches with horse burials. Courtesy of Archaia Brno.

TABLE 4 in Horses in the suburbs of a medieval city - a case study from Brno (Czech Republic)

<p>TABLE 4. — Sites used in the comparison of withers height (all sites) and robusticity (excluding Vy&scaron;ehrad).Abbreviation: <b>NMLB</b>, number of measured long bones included in this study.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th><b>Source of</b></th></tr><tr><th><b>Site</b></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th><b>osteometric</b></th></tr><tr><th><b>Number Site</b></th><th><b>Period NMLB data</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1</th><td>Brno-</td><td>Early Modern</td><td>23</td><td>Present study</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>K&rcaron;ídlovická</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>2</th><td>Brno-Trnitá</td><td>Late Medieval –</td><td>55</td><td>Present study</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>Early Modern</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>3</th><td>Brno-Mod&rcaron;ice Late Medieval –</td><td>14</td><td>Present study</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>Early Modern</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>4</th><td>Mikul&ccaron;ice</td><td>Early Medieval</td><td>316</td><td>Chrzanowska &</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Krupska 2003</td></tr><tr><th>5</th><td>Nemilany</td><td>Early Medieval</td><td>20</td><td>Dreslerová 2014</td></tr><tr><th>6</th><td>Pohansko</td><td>Early Medieval</td><td>27</td><td>Kratochvíl 1969;</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Chrzanowska &</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Krupska 2003;</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Dreslerová 2018</td></tr><tr><th>7</th><td>Stará Boleslav Early Medieval</td><td>5</td><td>Kyselý 2003</td></tr><tr><th>8</th><td>Vy&scaron;ehrad</td><td>Early Medieval</td><td>1</td><td>Kyselý 2004</td></tr><tr><th>9</th><td>Podolí</td><td>Migration</td><td>29</td><td>Ambros & Müller</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1980</td></tr><tr><th>10</th><td>Zálu&zcaron;í</td><td>Migration</td><td>6</td><td>Ambros & Müller</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1980</td></tr><tr><th>11</th><td>Zdice</td><td>Modern</td><td>25</td><td>Diedrich 2017</td></tr></tbody></table>

FIG. 9 in Horse sacrifice in a Pazyryk culture kurgan: the princely tomb of Berel'(Kazakhstan). Selection criteria and slaughter procedures

FIG. 9. — Representation of a mounted, horned horse, in front of which is a person applying the metallic part of an axe to the extremity of the animal's nose: Tamgaly III n°23 (Kazakhstan — photo H.-P. Francfort, with his kind permission).

FIG. 8 in Horse sacrifice in a Pazyryk culture kurgan: the princely tomb of Berel'(Kazakhstan). Selection criteria and slaughter procedures

FIG. 8. — Observation of traces of blows to the skulls on the Berel' horses; an example of a Kurgan skull n°18 (on the left); schematic reconstruction of the slaying of a harnessed horse decorated with fake ibex horns (in the middle); axe (upper photo, Mongolian Altai, photo from T. Turbat with his kind permission).

FIG. 3 in Horse sacrifice in a Pazyryk culture kurgan: the princely tomb of Berel'(Kazakhstan). Selection criteria and slaughter procedures

FIG. 3. — The funerary chamber and the monoxylous casket. In the foreground, under the plastic, is the zone reserved for the horses (photo S. Lepetz).

FIG. 4 in Horse sacrifice in a Pazyryk culture kurgan: the princely tomb of Berel'(Kazakhstan). Selection criteria and slaughter procedures

FIG. 4. — The heap of organic material (muscle, skin, fur); Heads of horses « A » (in front) and « C » (behind). Harnessing elements in gold-plated wood are visible (photo S. Lepetz).