Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 41. 50 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 41. 50% majority rule consensus tree generated in phylogenetic analysis of selected early gnathostomes (77 taxa, 262 characters; numbers on branches show bootstrap support %).

FIGURE 13. Diplacanthus tenuistriatus morphology. 1, NMS G.1897.55.2 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 13. Diplacanthus tenuistriatus morphology. 1, NMS G.1897.55.2, counterpart of a headless large specimen from Achanarras Quarry, Caithness; 2, 3, NMS G.1897.55.1 (the part of NMS G.1897.55.2): 2, caudal fin, anal fin spine and fin web and right pelvic fin spine and fin web; 3, posterior dorsal fin spine and fin web; 4, NMS G.1870.14.144 from Tynet Burn, Moray, head and pectoral region. Scale bars equal 1 cm. Abbreviations: ad.fs=anterior dorsal fin spine; adm.s=admedian spine; ck.p=cheek plate; co.p=circumorbital plate; cor=coracoid; lt.sc=left scapula; lt.p.fs= left pectoral fin spine; oc=occlusal plate; p.p=pinnal plate; prepelv.s=prepelvic spines; rt.sc=right scapula.

FIGURE 14. Diplacanthus tenuistriatus pectoral fin spines. 1–4 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 14. Diplacanthus tenuistriatus pectoral fin spines. 1–4, spine QM F58024 from Marwick, Orkney: 1, complete spine, dorsal surface; 2, ventral surface of spine; 3, recurved denticles on posterior edges of spine; 4, transverse natural fracture surface of distal part of spine, at point arrowed in (2); 5, NMS G.1901.153.1 from Appat Hill, Caithness; 6, NMS G.1898.163.2 from Birsay, Orkney; 7, NMS G.2014.4.18, from Marwick, Orkney, spine attached to pinnal plate. Scale bars equal 1 cm for 1, 2, 5–7; 1 mm for 3, 4.

FIGURE 12. Diplacanthus crassisimus scale histology. 1–7, NMS G. 2014.33.10 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 12. Diplacanthus crassisimus scale histology. 1–7, NMS G. 2014.33.10 from Corbie Den, Banffshire, thin sections of a patch of midflank scales: 1, group of scales sectioned in various orientations; 2, vertical longitudinal section; 3, crown horizontal section; 4, horizontal section through the base; 5, 6, vertical longitudinal sections through articulated scales; 7, crown horizontal section. 8, 9, NMS G.2015.11.3 from Gamrie, Banffshire, isolated midflank scales: 8, crown horizontal section; 9, vertical section through the base and lower neck, imaged with cross nicols. 10, 11, NMS G.2015.11.2 from Gamrie, Banffshire: 10, vertical longitudinal section; 11, vertical longitudinal section. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cgz=crown growth zones; dt=dentine tubule; p=canal opening; pc=pore canal; spc=spiral canal. Arrows indicate anterior direction, where relevant.

FIGURE 7. Diplacanthus crassisimus shoulder girdles. 1, NMS G in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 7. Diplacanthus crassisimus shoulder girdles. 1, NMS G.Canon Kyle no. 2 from Tynet Burn, Moray, showing ventral view of the shoulder girdle complexes; 2, NHM P.1357a from Tynet Burn, Moray, pectoral girdle region; 3, NHM P.22198 from Achanarras Quarry, Caithness, complete specimen; 4, NMS G.2014.44.3 from the Edderton, Ross and Cromarty; 5, 6, left shoulder girdle complex of NMS G.2014.4.30 from Cruaday Quarry, Orkney; 7, NMS G.2014.44.4 from the Edderton, Ross and Cromarty, natural transverse section through articulated uncompressed shoulder girdle region (prepelvic spines subsequently Sollas sectioned). Scale bars equal 1 cm.

FIGURE 5 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 5. Diplacanthus crassisimus spine morphology and histology: 1, 2, NMS G.2014.4.29 from Blackpark, Ross and Cromarty; 1, anterior dorsal fin spine; 2, posterior dorsal fin spine; 3, pectoral spine of NMS G.1878.5.349 from Springpark, Caithness; 4, pectoral spine NMS G.2014.44.7 from west side of Sandside Bay, Caithness; 5, pectoral spine impression, Snaky Noust, Westray, Orkney (HY501.405); 6, longitudinal section of pelvic spine NMS G.2014.33.10 from Corbie Den, Banffshire; 7, transverse section of anterior dorsal fin spine NMS G.2014.33.9 from Corbie Den, Banffshire; 8, 9, transverse section of anterior dorsal fin spine NMS G.2014.33.11 from the south of East Murkle Bay, Caithness, with magnified image of same specimen; 10, transverse section NMS G.2014.44.2 of pectoral fin spine and bone of scapulocoracoid from Corbie Den, Banffshire. Scale bars equal 1 cm for 1–6 (1, 2 at same scale); 1 mm for 8, 10; 0.1 mm for 7, 9.

FIGURE 10 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 10. Reconstruction of the pectoral girdle of Diplacanthus crassisimus. 1, lateral view. 2, ventral view showing Miles' (1973a) interpretation on the left hand side of the fish and the authors' revised version on the right hand side of the fish. Dark grey fill indicates dermal elements, light grey fill indicates endoskeletal elements.

FIGURE 11 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 11. Diplacanthus crassisimus from Gamrie, Banffshire, squamation. 1-5, NMS G.1882.60.17, articulated specimen showing scale morphologies: 1, the complete specimen, with A–C denoting areas of squamation shown in Figure parts 2–5: 2, 3, area A; 4, area B; 5, area C. 6, NMS G.1892.8.5, mid-body squamation. 7–11, scales slide NMS G.1882.60.17.1, Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEMs): 7, 8, crown and anterior views; 9, lateral view of scale pair; 10, basal view; 11, undersurface of crown (neck and base broken off). 12–15, scales slide NMS G.2015.11.3.1, SEMs: 12, 13, crown and posterior views; 14, 15, laterocrown and lateral views. Scale bars equal 1 cm for 1; 1 mm for 2–5; 0.2 mm for 6–11, 14, 15; 0.1 mm for 12, 13. Arrows directed anteriorly.

FIGURE 1 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 1. Type specimens of Scottish Middle Devonian diplacanthids: 1, Diplacanthus crassisimus (Duff, 1842) holotype NMS G.1891.92.333, from Tynet Burn, Moray; 2, Rhadinacanthus longispinus (Agassiz, 1844) holotype NMS G.1953.4.3, from Cromarty, Ross and Cromarty; 3, Homacanthus borealis holotype spine NMS G.1892.91.1, from Lybster, Caithness; 4, Diplacanthus tenuistriatus (Traquair, 1894) syntype NMS G.1891.92.340, from Gamrie, Banffshire. Scale bars equal 1 cm.

FIGURE 4 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 4. Diplacanthus crassisimus, articulated specimens: 1–3, NMS G.2014.44.3 from Edderton, Ross and Cromarty: 1, complete specimen; 2, right occlusal plate; 3, left circumorbital and postorbital plates; 4,NMS G.2014.15.21, a ventrodorsally flattened specimen from Cruaday Quarry, Orkney, showing prepelvic spines; 5–7, NMS G.1891.99.10 from Tynet Burn, Moray: 5, head region; 6, impression of a displaced cheek, rotated 90° counterclockwise; 7, postorbital plate; 8–10, NHM OR.36582 from Tynet Burn, Moray: 8, complete specimen with head region ventrodorsally flattened, with articulated, displaced branchial region; 9, branchial region; 10, sketch of branchial region elements, rotated 90° clockwise. Scale bars equal: 1 cm for 1, 5, 8 and 5 mm for 2–4, 6, 7, 9. Abbreviations: ad.fs=anterior dorsal fin spine; bb=basibranchial; cb=ceratobranchials; ck.p=cheek plate; co.p=circumorbital plate; eb=epibranchials; oc=occlusal plate; pb=pharyngobranchials; prepelv.s=prepelvic spine; proc=procoracoid; scap=scapulocoracoid.

FIGURE 3. Diplacanthus crassisimuss, NMS G.2014.4.29 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 3. Diplacanthus crassisimuss, NMS G.2014.4.29, from Edderton, Ross and Cromarty, showing surface morphology of spines: 1, complete specimen; 2, line drawing identifying various elements; 3, circumorbital bone; 4, occlusal bones; 5, procoracoid with ventral plate attached. Scale bars equal: 1 cm for 1, 2; 1 mm for 3–5. Abbreviations: a.f=anal fin web; a.fs=anal fin spine; ad.f=anterior dorsal finweb; ad.fs=anterior dorsal fin spine; adm.s=admedian spine; co.p=circumorbital plate; lt.sc=left scapula; lt.pelv.fs=left pelvic fin spine; oc.p=occlusal plate; pd.f=posterior dorsal finweb; pd.fs-=posterior dorsal fin spine; pelv.f=pelvic finweb; prepelv.s=prepelvic spine; proc=procoracoid; rt.p.fs=right pectoral fin spine; rt.pelv.fs=right pelvic fin spine; rt.sc=right scapula; v.p=ventral plate. Arrow indicates anterior.

FIGURE 2. 1 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 2. 1, Site map indicating the most important localities with Middle Devonian diplacanthids on northern Scotland; 2, biostratigraphic table of diplacanthid occurrences in the Orcadian Basin of northern Scotland.

FIGURE 6 in The diplacanthid fishes (Acanthodii, Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) from the Middle Devonian of Scotland

FIGURE 6. Drawings of serial transverse sections of the spines of Diplacanthus crassisimus. 1, sketch of NMS G.2014.15.7, from Edderton, Ross and Cromarty, showing the position of sections in 2–6; the sections run from the distal end to the base of each spine. 2, anterior dorsal fin spine (ad.fs); 3, anal fin spine (a.fs); 4, right pelvic fin spine (pelv.fs); 5, left pelvic fin spine; 6, left pectoral fin spine (p.fs). 7, Sollas sections of a prepelvic spine (prepelv.s) on NMS G.2014.44.4. Scale bars equal 1 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas

FIGURE 8. Graphic correlation of the three Compte subfacies area sections. The columns show the observed first occurrences of important taxa in the studied sections, indicated by their projected position on the Pyrenean CS. The numbers represent the taxa listed in the range chart (Figures 5 and 6) and in the Appendix. (CSU: Composite Standard Unit).

FIGURE 10 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas

FIGURE 10. Graphic correlation of four composite standard (CS) databases, three from NW-Gondwana (Anti-Atlas, Pyrenees and Montagne Noire) and one from S-Laurussia (Ardenne) (Golonka, 2000). The standard reference section for the Middle Devonian CS and the Anti-Atlas CS is the Jebel Ou Driss section in the Eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco) (Belka et al., 1997). The standard reference sections for the Ardenne and Montagne Noire CSs are the Couvin-Givet section and the Pic de Vissou section, respectively. The columns show the observed first occurrences of important taxa in the regional CS's, indicated by their projected position on the Middle Devonian CS. The numbers represent the taxa listed in the range chart (Figures 5–6) and in the Appendix.

FIGURE 9 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas

FIGURE 9. Correlation between the Pyrenean composite standard and the Middle Devonian composite standard. The numbers represent the taxa listed in the range chart (Figures 5 and 6) and Appendix. See also legend in Figure 4.

FIGURE 1. 1 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas

FIGURE 1. 1. Middle Devonian paleogeographic situation with indication of the study area (courtesy of R. Blakey, NAU Geology), 2. Map of Paleozoic rocks on the Iberian Peninsula and position of figure 1.3, 3. Location of the studied Devonian outcrops.

FIGURE 4 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas

FIGURE 4. Graphic correlation between the La Guàrdia d'Ares section and the composite standard (third round). The numbers represent the taxa listed in the range chart (Figures 5 and 6), error boxes indicate the sampling intervals.

FIGURE 6 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas

FIGURE 6. Conodont range chart based on the Spanish Central Pyrenean sections (continued). Precise CSU values are given in the Appendix.

FIGURE 3 in Graphic correlation of the upper Eifelian to lower Frasnian (Middle-Upper Devonian) conodont sequences in the Spanish Central Pyrenees and comparison with composite standards from other areas

FIGURE 3. Graphic correlation between the Villech section and the composite standard for the Spanish Central Pyrenees (third round). The numbers represent the taxa listed in the range chart (Figures 5 and 6), the error boxes indicate the sampling intervals. (sem./lat.: semialternans/latifossatus).