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Fig. 5 in Structural biology and evolution in the monotypic Amazonian palm Wendlandiella (Arecoideae: Chamaedoreeae)

Fig. 5. – Staminate flower in Wendlandiella gracilis. A. Anthesis (var. polyclada); B. Androecium displaying filaments and anthers (var. gracilis); C. Pistillode (var. gracilis); D. Calyx (var. gracilis); E. TS at basal level (var. polyclada); F. Pollen intermixed with raphide idioblasts (var. gracilis).

Fig. 2 in Structural biology and evolution in the monotypic Amazonian palm Wendlandiella (Arecoideae: Chamaedoreeae)

Fig. 2. – Root anatomy in Wendlandiella gracilis var. polyclada. A. Apex of the root, LS; B. Elongation area of root tip, CS; C. First order root, detail of raphide idioblasts, CS; D. First order root, detail of inner cortex starch containing cells, LS-CS.; E. Rhizodermis and exodermis, CS; F. Vascular cylinder and endodermis layer, CS. [Abbreviations: en, endodermis; ex, exodermis; fi, fiber; ic, inner cortex; me, meristematic zone; oc, outer cortex; pc, pith vascular cylinder; pe, pericycle; ph, phloem; rc, root cap; rh, rhizoderm; ri, raphide idioblast; vc, vascular cylinder; xy, xylem]

Fig. 3 in Structural biology and evolution in the monotypic Amazonian palm Wendlandiella (Arecoideae: Chamaedoreeae)

Fig. 3. – Leaf morphology and anatomy in Wendlandiella gracilis. A. Leaf morpho-types: var. gracilis: 1. adaxial side, 2. abaxial side; var. polyclada: 3. adaxial side, 4. abaxial side; var. simplicifrons: 5. adaxial side, small-leaved morpho-type, 6. adaxial side, large-leaved morpho-type; B. Leaf blade stomata, abaxial side; C. Leaf blade surface, abaxial side; D. Lamina anatomy (var. polyclada), CS. [Abbreviations: ep, epidermis; fi, fiber bundles in contact with epidermal layer; mc, mesophyll cells with chloroplasts; mr, midrib; ri, raphide idioblast; vs, vascular bundles free of surface layers]

Fig. 4 in Structural biology and evolution in the monotypic Amazonian palm Wendlandiella (Arecoideae: Chamaedoreeae)

Fig. 4. – Inflorescence structure and flower arrangements in Wendlandiella gracilis. A. 1-order ramification; B. Proximal ramification in basal rachillae; C. 2-branched order ramification in basal rachillae; D. Solitary female flowers (var. polyclada); E. Male flowers in an acervulus of two alternating rows (var. gracilis); F. Male flowers in an unordered acervulate complex (var. gracilis).

Fig. 1 in Structural biology and evolution in the monotypic Amazonian palm Wendlandiella (Arecoideae: Chamaedoreeae)

Fig. 1. – Growth habit diversity in Wendlandiella gracilis. A. Schematic representation of the development of stems and major types of growth habit; B. Solitary growth habit (var. simplicifrons); C. Clustered growth habits (var. gracilis); D. Production of new plantlets from aerial stems (var. simplicifrons). [B: Balslev et al., 7677, AAU; C: Balslev et al., 7865, AAU] [Photos: B, C: H. Balslev; D: S. Zona, taken in Nongnooch Tropical Garden, Pattaya, Thailand]

Fig. 24 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 24. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396). A. Opisthosomal segments VIII–XI, ventral view (the dorsal setae of segment XI are also illustrated, with their insertions represented in dashed lines). B. Primordia of genital lobes of immature B. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B = 30 μm.

Fig. 25 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 25. Allokoenenia sp. A. Map of Brazil showing the placement of the Caatinga Biome, delimited in yellow, and of Toca dos Ossos Cave (in red), habitat of Allokoenenia sp. B–C. Galleries of Toca dos Ossos Cave, showing its spongiform architecture. D. Surrounding landscape outside the Toca dos Ossos Cave, showing the limestone quarry that operated above the cave for many years. E. Area of Toca dos Ossos covered by rock fragments transported to the cave in consequence of the quarrying activities. F. Plan view of Toca dos Ossos, showing the structure of the cave with vadose galleries connected by a complex of labyrinthine smaller conduids; the palpigrade collecting site is indicated by a red star. G. Habitus of Allokoenenia sp., ♀ (ISLA 50396) under a stereo microcope before mounting.

Fig. 22 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 22. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396), left pedipalp. A. Trochanter-tibia. B. Basitarsi 1–2. C. Tarsi 1–3. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B–C = 40 μm.

Fig. 23 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 23. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396), left pedipalp. A. Trochanter-tibia of right leg I. B. Basitarsi 1-tarsus 2 of right leg I. C. Tarsus 3 of left leg I. D. Basitarsus of right leg IV. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B = 100 μm; C–D = 60 μm.

Fig. 21 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 21. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396). A. Deutotritosternal setae. B. Proximal setae (p – 1 p 6) on basal segment of chelicera. C. Distal setae (d 1 –d 3) on basal segment of chelicera. D. Metapeltidial chaetotaxy. E. Chaetotaxy of opisthosomal tergite III. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 20 μm; C = 40 μm.

Fig. 20 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 20. Allokoenenia sp., juvenile ♀ (ISLA 50396). A. Frontal organ. B. Blades of lateral organ. C. Propeltidial chaetotaxy. D. Coxa of right pedipalp. E. Coxa of right leg I. F. Coxa of left leg II. G. Coxa of right leg III. H. Coxa of left leg IV. Scale bars: A–B = 20 μm; C = 100 μm; D–H = 40 μm. Thickened setae on coxae II–IV indicated by arrows.

Fig. 14 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 14. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀, paratype (MZSP 54249), articles of left leg I. A. Trochanterpatella. B. Tibia-basitarsus 2. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Fig. 17 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 17. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀, holotype (MZSP 54247), opisthosomal segments VII–XI, ventral view (the dorsal setae of segment XI is also illustrated, represented in dashed line). Scale bar = 150 μm.

Fig. 10 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 10. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀. A. Frontal organ, holotype (MZSP 54247). B. Blades of lateral organ, paratype (MZSP 54249). C. Metapeltidial chaetotaxy, holotype (MZSP 54247). D. Propeltidial chaetotaxy, holotype (MZSP 54247). E. Distal setae (d 1 –d 3) on basal segment of chelicera, paratype (MZSP 54249). Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–B = 20 μm; C = 25 μm; D = 150 μm; E = 60 μm.

Fig. 6 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 6. Allokoenenia canhembora sp. nov., ♀, holotype (ISLA 50394). A. Trochanter-patella of right leg I. B. Tibia-basitarsus 2 of left leg I. C. Basitarsus 3-tarsus 2 of left leg I. D. Tarsus 3 of right leg I. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A–C = 100 μm; D = 40 μm.

Fig. 3 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 3. Allokoenenia canhembora sp. nov., ♀, holotype (ISLA 50394). A. Frontal organ. B. Blades of lateral organ. C. Coxa of left pedipalp. D. Coxa of left leg I. E. Coxa of right leg II. F. Coxa of left leg III. G. Coxa of right leg IV. Scale bars: A–B = 20 μm. C–G = 40 μm. Thickened setae on coxae II–IV indicated by arrows.

Fig. 5 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 5. Allokoenenia canhembora sp. nov., ♀, holotype (ISLA 50394). A. Trochanter-femur of right pedipalp. B. Tibia-tarsus 2 of left pedipalp. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Fig. 16 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 16. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀, paratype (MZSP 54249). A. Tarsus 3 of right pedipalp. B. Basitarsus of left leg IV. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A = 40 μm; B = 100 μm.

Fig. 15 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 15. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov., ♀, paratype (MZSP 54249), articles of left leg I. A. Basitarsus 3-tarsus 2. B. Tarsus 3. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B = 60 μm.

Fig. 19 in Two extraordinary troglobitic species of Allokoenenia (Eukoeneniidae: Palpigradi) from Brazil: first records of this initially monotypic genus more than a century after its description

Fig. 19. Allokoenenia stygia sp. nov. A. Map of Brazil showing the placement of the Amazonia Biome, delimited in green, and of the SB_0114 and SB_0112 caves (in red). B–C. Inner portions of the single conduit that forms the SB_0114 cave, type locality of A. stygia sp. nov. D. Serra da Bocaina, with the placement of the two caves where the new species occurs indicated by a red star. E. Habitus of the paratype (MZSP 54249) under a stereo microcope before mounting. F. Landscape in the surroundings of Serra da Bocaina, showing the presence of pastures. G. Plan view of SB_0114 cave (type locality), showing the palpigrade collecting site (red star).