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3,249 results for “National Parks”
Virgin Islands National Park: Coral Reef: Population Dynamics: Scleractinian corals
These data are evidence of the the long-term dynamics of shallow coral reefs along the south coast of St. John from as early as 1987. These data describe coral reef community structure as percent cover based on the analysis of color photographs. All of these data originate from color images of photoquadrats recorded annually (usually in the summer) from as early as 1987. The data falls into three groups. The two groups that are contained in this data package are (1) Tektite & Yawzi and (2) Random sites. The juvenile coral density is packaged separately. Tektite – this is at 14 m depth on the eastern side of Great Lameshur Bay and is the original site of the Tektite man-in-the sea project in 1969; this project marked the birth of the Virgin Islands Ecological Research Station (later the Virgin Islands Environmental Resource Station) that hosts the field component of the project. The reef in this location consists of a single buttress that has remained dominated by Montastraea anularis since the start of the research (1987). These surveys consist of 30 photoquadrats (1 x 1 m) distributed along three, 10 m transects. Yawzi – this is at 9 m depth and is on the western side of Great Lameshur Bay and has been recorded photographically since 1987. This reef also started the study period dominated by Montastraea annularis, but has degraded much more rapidly that the Tektite site. These surveys consist of 30 photoquadrats (1 x 1 m) distributed along three, 10 m transects. Random sites – were added in 1992 to address the concern that the original sites (Yawzi and Tektite) were selected on “good” areas of reef and, therefore, could only decline in condition. The Random sites were selected using random coordinates in 1992, and consist of 6 sites (at 7-9 m depth) scattered between Cabritte Point and White Point. All lie a little shoreward of Yawzi and Tektite, and have always been characterized by low coral cover (< 10% cover). The surveys consist of 18-40 photoquadrats (0.5 x 0
Virgin Islands National Park: Coral Reef: Recruitment Tiles
In this study, coral recruitment was measured on a kilometer-wide scale on shallow (5–6 m depth) fringing reefs in St. John, US Virgin Islands, with the objective of determining the extent to which variation in recruitment was affected by biophysical coupling involving temperature and flow. Coral recruitment was measured using settlement tiles deployed at 10 sites along 10 km of shore. The tiles were first deployed in August 2006, and thereafter replaced every ≈6 months to sample from either August to January, or January to August over 2 years. Seawater temperature was recorded at the 10 sites using logging thermistors, and flow was quantified using drogues. Overall, corals recruited at a rate equivalent to 76 corals m− 2 6 months− 1, and were represented mostly by poritids (43% of recruits), agaricids (29%), faviids (17%) and siderastreids (7%). Although the density of recruits differed among sites in a pattern that varied among periods and years, there was a consistent trend for mean density to decline from ≈ 4 corals tile− 1 at eastern sites, to ≤ 1 coral tile− 1 at western sites. One aspect of seawater temperature – the daily range – differed among sites and was greater at western compared to eastern sites, and while it was related inversely to recruitment over one of the sampling periods, it was equivocal as a physical process affecting recruitment. Instead, our results are consistent with biophysical coupling involving patch depletion and downstream filtering, whereby patches of coral larvae are delivered to the south shore of St. John and depleted of larvae through settlement as the water progresses westward.
Virgin Islands National Park: Coral Reef: Juvenile Coral
Coral larvae are selective with regards to the surfaces upon which they settle, but little is known about the outcome of these choices. In this study, we explored the implications for juvenile scleractinians (less than 40-mm diameter) of growing on igneous versus carbonate rock on the shallow reefs (5-m depth) of St. John, US Virgin Islands. Surveys revealed that juvenile corals occurred at densities of 16 colonies m− 2 and were distributed on igneous and carbonate rocks in proportion to the abundance of these surfaces, suggesting that larvae do not discriminate between rock types at settlement. Repeated surveys demonstrated that all juvenile corals (i.e., pooled among taxa) grew 41% slower on igneous versus carbonate rock between January and August, but not between August and January when the growth was statistically indistinguishable between rock types. Although the growth of the most common juvenile coral, Porites astreoides, was similar on both substrata, the photophysiology of this species was affected by the type of rock. The maximum relative electron transfer rate (rETR, a proxy for photosynthesis) of P. astreoides was down-regulated 30% on igneous compared to carbonate rock. Phylogenetic analyses of the Symbiodinium community sequence profiles within P. astreoides revealed significant differences between substrata, with a greater diversity of co-occurring ITS-2 sequences in corals growing on carbonate compared to igneous rock. While substratum-dependent patterns in the characteristics of juvenile corals suggested there is selective value to the settlement choices made by larvae, these trends did not translate into differences in survival, at least over the time scale investigated. It remains uncertain what features of the rocks affected coral performance, but differences in the temperature of the rock may be an important feature during the warmest period of the year.
Virgin Islands National Park: Coral Reef: Physical Measurements
These data have been utilized for several publications analyzing different aspects of seawater temperature, including Edmunds: Royal Society 2006, Green et al: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 2010, Green and Edmunds: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 2011, and Edmunds: Marine Ecology Project Series 2013. Temperatures were averaged by day and month and used to calculate annual mean and range using monthly mean temperatures. Daily temperatures were used to categorize days as hot (> 29.3°C) or cold (≤ 26.0°C), with hot days exceeding the coral bleaching threshold for St. John (http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite), and ‘cold days’ less than or equal to the lower 12th percentile of daily seawater temperatures in Great Lameshur Bay between 1989-2005 (Edmunds 2006).This dataset cotains data annually updated data ongoing since July 1999.
Virgin Islands National Park: Coral Reef: Population Dynamics: Diadema antillarum
A potential consequence of individuals compensating for density-dependent processes is that rare or infrequent events can produce profound and long-term shifts in species abundance. In 1983–1984 a mass mortality event reduced the numbers of the abundant sea urchin Diadema antillarum by 95–99% throughout the caribbean and western atlantic. Following this event, the abundance of macroalgae increased and the few surviving D. antillarum responded by increasing in body size and fecundity. these initial observations suggested that populations of D. antillarum could recover rapidly following release from food limitation. In contrast, published studies of field manipulations indicate that this species had traits making it resistant to density-dependent effects on offspring production and adult mortality; this evidence raises the possibility that density-independent processes might keep populations at a diminished level. Decadal scale (1983–2011) monitoring of recruitment, mortality, population density and size structure of D. antillarum from st John, us Virgin Islands, indicates that population density has remained relatively stable and more than an order of magnitude lower than that before the mortality event of 1983–1984. We detected no evidence of density-dependent mortality or recruitment since this mortality event. In this location, model estimates of equilibrium population density, assuming density-independent processes and based on parameters generated over the first decade following the mortality event, accurately predict the low population density 20 years later (2011). We find no evidence to support the notion that this historically dominant species will rebound from this temporally brief, but spatially widespread, perturbation.
Virgin Islands National Park: Coral Reef: Population Dynamics: Scleractinian corals (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/291/2. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: These data are evidence of the the long-term dynamics of shallow coral reefs along the south coast of St. John from as early as 1987. These data describe coral reef community structure as percent cover based on the analysis of color photographs. All of these data originate from color images of photoquadrats recorded annually (usually in the summer) from as early as 1987. The data falls into three groups. The two groups that are contained in this data package are (1) Tektite & Yawzi and (2) Random sites. The juvenile coral density is packaged separately. Tektite – this is at 14 m depth on the eastern side of Great Lameshur Bay and is the original site of the Tektite man-in-the sea project in 1969; this project marked the birth of the Virgin Islands Ecological Research Station (later the Virgin Islands Environmental Resource Station) that hosts the field component of the project. The reef in this location consists of a single buttress that has remained dominated by Montastraea anularis since the start of the research (1987). These surveys consist of 30 photoquadrats (1 x 1 m) distributed along three, 10 m transects. Yawzi – this is at 9 m depth and is on the western side of Great Lameshur Bay and has been recorded photographically since 1987. This reef also started the study period dominated by Montastraea annularis, but has degraded much more rapidly that the Tektite site. These surveys consist of 30 photoquadrats (1 x 1 m) distributed along three, 10 m transects. Random sites – were added in 1992 to address the concern that the original sites (Yawzi and Tektite) were selected on “good” a
Permafrost thaw monitoring in Denali National Park: Thermokarst transect surveys 2013-2023
This dataset contains variables measured at thawed, ice-rich permafrost sites in Denali National Park and Preserve. Transects were established at seven sites in the Toklat river basin in 2013 to understand how ecosystem characteristics changed following permafrost thaw. Transects were co-located with known thaw subsidence (thermokarst) or erosional features and run from outside (relatively undisturbed tundra) through the feature. These data represent a long-term monitoring project of permafrost and ecosystem characteristics, surveyed initially in 2013 and re-surveyed 10 years later in 2023.
Temperatures,salinities, and dissolved oxygen levels in the Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER) , from May 2005 to May 2014
This dataset provides information on the environmental conditions in the Shark River Slough including dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and salinity. Data suggest that environmental parameters vary spatially and temporally within the system, especially during transition periods between the wet and dry seasons.
Biogeochemical data collected from Northeast Shark Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER) from September 2006 to September 2008
Each site's physical characteristics (pH, water depth and temperature) were measured in the field and recorded. Two water samples (filtered and unfiltered) were collected from each throw, along with a floc sample (if present). All samples were taken back to the lab for analysis (e.g. water content, % organic matter, bulk density, and TP/TN/TC).
Water Quality Data (Extensive) from the Taylor Slough, just outside Everglades National Park (FCE), from August 1998 to December 2006
Water quality samples are being collected using ISCO autosamplers at all wetland sites (that is, all sites except TS/Ph-9, 10, and 11). The autosamplers contain 24 1L bottles. Water is sampled by programming the autosamplers to take composite samples once every 3 days. These samples are a composite of four 250mL subsamples drawn every 18 hours (a sampling scheme that captures a dawn, noon, dusk, and midnight sample in every three day composite). Starting in December 2006 for Sites SRS1d, SRS2, SRS3, and June 2007 for TS/Ph1a, TS/Ph2, and TS/Ph3 - the 3 day composite samples are now combined in a 2 liter bottle upon returning to the lab to form 6 day composite sample. Samples are retrieved every 3-4 weeks. Retrieval of the composite samples may result in a composite sample which is less than three or six days. The recorded date for each composite sample indicates the end date of the sample interval. Samples are analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and salinity. When sites are visited to collect these samples, we also collect a grab sample that is immediately put on ice. A portion of these grab samples are filtered through a Whatman GF/F filters (0.7 um) immediately upon return to the lab, and the filtered samples are analyzed for inorganic nutrients such as NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, SRP, and DOC. The unfiltered fraction of these grab samples is analyzed for TP, TN, and TOC (TOC is no longer analyzed starting in August 2005 for all sites). We use these montly grab samples to generate relationships between TP and SRP, and between TN and NO2- + NO3- + NH4+. Dissolved nutrients are measured using standard rapid flow analyzer (RFA) techniques. TP is analyzed with a modified Solorzano and Sharp (1980) technique. TN is measured with an Antec TN analyzer, TOC and DOC are quantified on a Shimadzu TOC Analyzer, and salinity is measured with a YSI conductivity meter. In addition to the regular water quality monitoring, we use the rain level actuators at all freshwat
Water Levels from the Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), South Florida from April 1996 to 2012
Data is a compilation of 15 minute data into daily averages for use with other FCE-LTER datasets. For original dataset Meta-data and other information please visit the South Florida Information Access (SOFIA) website at https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/sofia.usgs.gov/index.html (the current URL as of March 2020)
Monthly monitoring of Fluorescence, UV, Humic and non-Humic Carbon, Carbohydrates, and DOC for Shark River Slough, Taylor Slough, and Florida Bay, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER) for January 2002 to August 2004
A better understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in the Florida Coastal Everglades is a key issue regarding the restoration of the Everglades, which is expected to change the water quality throughout South Florida. In addition to rain, the main freshwater supply to Florida Bay will be derived from Taylor Slough and the C-111 Basin in the north-east section of the Bay. While it is known that these areas deliver significant amounts of nitrogen to the Bay, a significant portion of this nitrogen is in its dissolved organic form (DON). The sources, environmental fate and bioavailability to microorganisms of this DON are however, not known. Preliminary data suggest that although proteins have been detected in canal samples, labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) components were found to increase in abundance in the freshwater marshes compared to their levels in the adjacent canal waters. Leaching experiments of biomass showed the presence of such labile DOM. However, this DOM was found to be susceptible to both biodegradation and photodecomposition. In this study we will focus on the determination of the molecular characteristics of both DOM and DON and assess the bioavailability of these materials in transects ranging from the C-111 canal and Taylor Slough to the central part of Florida Bay. Relevant water quality and spectroscopic parameters will be monitored at 11 sites on a monthly basis, while six of these sites will be sampled biannually for DOM and DON chemical characterization and bioavailability studies. Advanced analytical techniques such as pyrolysis-GC/MS, FTIR, 13C- and 15N-NMR, gel electrophoresis and LC/MS will be used in the molecular characterization effort. We envisage that this study will allow for a better assessment of the sources of DON and its bioavailability in this system.
Periphyton Productivity from the Shark River Slough and Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), South Florida, USA, October 2001 - October 2024
Periphyton productivity was measured annually at FCE LTER sites in Florida Bay and Shark Slough using light and dark BOD bottle incubations. Data are presented in terms of mass oxygen and/or carbon produced/consumed per gram of periphyton and per m2 of marsh. This is part of continuous data collection to test the hypothesis that phosphorus and nitrogen limit productivity at the upstream and downstream ends, respectively, of the FCE transects. Conclusions await longer-term data collection. Data collection is complete.
Macrophyte count data collected from Northeast Shark Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER) from September 2006 to September 2008
Three 1m2 throws are made within a few meters of each site center. Within each throw, all emergent macrophytes are counted (live and dead) and recorded. Submerged periphyton-associated aquatic vegetation are identified and recorded as a percentage of the total periphyton component. Macrophyte cover is recorded in percent cover, and average plant height is determined from three representative plants. Water depth is also recorded as an average of three depths.
Periphyton data collected from Northeast Shark Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER) from September 2006 to September 2008
Periphyton assessments were conducted and recorded for each throw. Periphyton volumes, cover, type and composition were recorded, along with some general observations of the area. Periphyton samples were brought back for processing, and archived for soft algae, diatom, chlorophyll a, biomass and nutrient analysis.
Periphyton Accumulation Rates from Shark River Slough, Taylor Slough and Florida Bay, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), South Florida, USA, January 2001 - ongoing
Periphyton accumulation rates were measured quarterly at FCE LTER sites in SRS and TS/Ph marshes (SRS 1-3, TS/Ph 1-3) and the seagrass meadows of Florida Bay (TS/Ph 9-11). Glass slides were used as artificial substrates for periphyton growth. Twenty slides were incubated for 2 months in triplicate periphytometers (flow-through plastic boxes) at the surface (marsh sites) and bottom (seagrass sites) at each site. In addition, at seagrass sites, twelve artificial seagrass blades were incubated for two months in triplicate at each site. Blades were made from strips of transparency film anchored to the bottom and floating upward toward the surface by use of a styrofoam bead on the top of the blade. Data are presented in terms of grams dry and ash-free dry mass accumulated per area per time, as well as the chlorophyll a content of the dry mass and its rate of accumulation. Total phosphorus content of accumulated periphyton is also provided. This is part of continuous data collection to test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability and hydroperiod influence periphyton production in the Everglades.
Periphyton Biomass Accumulation from the Shark River and Taylor Sloughs, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), South Florida, USA, January 2003 - ongoing
Periphyton biomass was measured quarterly at three replicate locations (1, 2, and 3) at FCE LTER marsh sites (SRS 1-3; TS/Ph 1-3). A 1-m2 plot was placed in the marsh and percent cover of periphyton was visually estimated, including cover on the water surface (floating), plant stems (epiphytic), and on the bottom (benthic). Periphyton was then harvested from the quadrats into a 2000 ml perforated graduated cylinder and the volume measured. A 120-ml subsample was removed and taken back to the laboratory for analysis. Data provided include percent cover by substrate, dry, ash, and ash-free dry mass per area, chlorophyll a per gram ash-free dry mass and per area, and the total phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon concentration on a dry weight basis. This is part of a continuous data collection to test the hypothesis that phosphorus and hydrology interact to influence periphyton abundance in Everglades marshes.
Mangrove Forest Growth from the Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida, USA, January 1995 - ongoing
All mangrove trees having a diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than 2.5 cm were tagged in two 20 x 20 m plot in stations SRS4-7 and TS/Ph-8. Measurements in Plot Num1 began in 1995; measurements in Plot Num 2 began in 2001. Plot Num1 in TS/Ph-8 was established in 2001. Measurements at SRS-7 began in 2022. DBH has been measured in the period 1995-2023. Mangrove species include Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa, Avicennia germinans, Conocarpus erectus.
Flux measurements from the SRS-6 Tower, Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), South Florida from October 2006 to 2014
Above canopy measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes and sensible and latent heating were obtained with an open path eddy covariance system positioned on the tower at 26-m. Additionally, measurements of solar irradiance, wind speed, air temperature and humidity were made every half hour.
Water flow velocity data, Shark River Slough (SRS) near Black Hammock island, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), South Florida from October 2003 to August 2005
Water velocity data measured every 5 or 15 minutes in Shark River Slough beside Black Hammock tree island, Everglades National Park using Sontek Agronaut water flow sampler.
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OpenNeuro
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