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FIGURE 12 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 12. Cumulative number of fish species known to occur in Rio Grande do Sul State grouped by decade according to the year of description.

FIGURE 9 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 9. Total number of species and new species per hydrographic basin, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.

FIGURE 2 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 2. Sampling localities of fishes in the Rio Grande do Sul State catalogued and georeferenced in the collections of the Museu de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul (MCN), Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (MCP), and Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).

FIGURE 13 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 13. Maximum, mean and minimum body size (standard length in mm) of species known to occur in Rio Grande do Sul State, grouped by decade according to the year of description.

FIGURE 5 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 5. Ctenobrycon cf. alleni, UFRGS 20147, 42.3 mm SL, rio Ibicuí, tributary of the rio Uruguay; new record for the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

FIGURE 8 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 8. Number of species by hydrographic basin, Rio Grande do Sul State. RU = rio Uruguay and rio Negro, LP = Laguna dos Patos system, TR = rio Tramandaí and rio Mampituba. Species that occur concomitantly in the rio Uruguay and Laguna dos Patos (RU+LP), Laguna dos Patos and rio Tramandaí (LP+TR) or in all three drainages are counted separately.

FIGURE 11 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 11. Density of fish lots per square kilometer for each Brazilian state catalogued in fish collections available at speciesLink database. Graph represents data for the three richest families in the Neotropics (Characidae, Loricariidae, and Cichlidae).

FIGURE 1 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 1. Rio Grande do Sul State (limited by a light gray background in detail and green in the map of South America), showing the drainages of the rio Uruguay (black), rio Negro (light brown), Laguna dos Patos (blue), arroio Chuí (light green), rio Tramandaí (green), rio Mampituba (red), and rio Araranguá (purple). These drainages are grouped in the following ecoregions according to Abell et al. (2008): upper rio Uruguay ecoregion (1—upper portion of rio Uruguay limited by the Salto do Yucumã water fall at 27 o 08'34"S 53 o 53'10"W, represented by a black vertical bar); lower rio Uruguay ecoregion (2—middle and 3—lower portions of rio Uruguay and the rio Negro); Laguna dos Patos ecoregion (4—rio Jacuí, 5—Laguna dos Patos, 6— lagoa Mirim, and arroio Chuí); and Tramandaí-Mampituba ecoregion (rio Tramandaí, rio Mampituba and rio Araranguá).

FIGURE 3 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 3. Relative number of freshwater fish species per order in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.

FIGURE 10 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 10. Relative frequency of fish species from Rio Grande do Sul State per class of body size (standard length in mm).

FIGURE 7. Hyphessobrycon aff. griemi, UFRGS 17529, 24.3 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 7. Hyphessobrycon aff. griemi, UFRGS 17529, 24.3 mm SL, tributary stream of the rio das Pacas, rio Mampituba basin; new record for the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

FIGURES 13–18. Elaphopsocus roeslerioides n in Uncovering the diversity of the neotropical genus Elaphopsocus (' Psocoptera': Psocidae: Amphigerontiinae): from one to ten species

FIGURES 13–18. Elaphopsocus roeslerioides n. sp. Male. 13. Front view of head. 14. Paraprocts and epiproct. 15. Phallosome. 16. Forewing. 17. Hindwing. 18. Hypandrium. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 7–12. Elaphopsocus cundinamarcaensis n in Uncovering the diversity of the neotropical genus Elaphopsocus (' Psocoptera': Psocidae: Amphigerontiinae): from one to ten species

FIGURES 7–12. Elaphopsocus cundinamarcaensis n. sp. Male. 7. Front view of head. 8. Clunium, left paraproct and epiproct. 9. Forewing. 10. Hindwing. 11. Hypandrium. 12. Phallosome. Scales in mm.

FIGURES 1–6. Elaphopsocus boyacaensis n in Uncovering the diversity of the neotropical genus Elaphopsocus (' Psocoptera': Psocidae: Amphigerontiinae): from one to ten species

FIGURES 1–6. Elaphopsocus boyacaensis n. sp. Male. 1. Front view of head. 2. Paraprocts and epiproct. 3. Forewing. 4. Hindwing. 5. Hypandrium. 6. Phallosome. Scales in mm.

FIGURE 22 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 22. Male genital structures of S. totonacum sp.n. holotype (A–C), S. adelinae sp.n. holotype (D–F); and S. miztecum sp.n. holotype (G–I). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1mm).

FIGURE 21 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 21. Male genital structures of S. histrio: morphotype 3 (A–C), morphotype 4 (D–F), and morphotype 5 (G–I); and S. occidentalis sp.n. holotype (J–l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1mm).

FIGURE 20 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 20. External morphology of S. histrio: morphotype 2 m (A and C) and f (B and D), morphotype 3 m (E) and f (F), morphotype 4 m (G) and f (H), and morphotype 5 m (I) and f (J); S. occidentalis sp.n. holotype m (K) and paratypes m #2 (M), f #3 (L) and f #4 (N); S. totonacum sp.n. holotype m (O) and paratype f #1 (P); S. adelinae sp.n. holotype m (Q) and paratype f #1 (R); S. miztecum sp.n. holotype m (S) and paratype f #1 (T) (Scale bars = 1cm).

FIGURE 19 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 19. Male genital structures of S. mexicanum: morphotype 1 (A–C) and morphotype 2 (D–F); S. histrio: morphotype 1 (G–I) and morphotype 2 (J–l). For all taxa left squares show epiphallus (I) and ectophallus (II) in dorsal view, and endophallus in lateral view (III); meddle squares show ectophallus in posterior view; and right squares show a close up of ectophallus in lateral view (Scale bars = 1mm).

FIGURE 18 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 18. Type specimens of S. bolivari: lectotype m (A) and paralectotype m (B); S. histrio holotype m (C) and S. carinatum holotype m (D) (Scale bars = 1cm).

FIGURE 17 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in neotropical grasshoppers: taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolution of the genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842 (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)

FIGURE 17. Type specimens of S. variabile: allotype f (A); S. mexicanum lectotype f (B) and paralectotype m (C); O. crassipes holotype m (D); S. ictericum: lectotype m (E) and paralectotype f (F); S. marginatum lectotype m (G) and paralectotype f (H) (Scale bars = 1cm).