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1,155 results for “Nervous System”
Data from: De novo transcriptome assembly for the lobster Homarus americanus and characterization of differential gene expression across nervous system tissues
Background: The American lobster, Homarus americanus, is an important species as an economically valuable fishery, a key member in marine ecosystems, and a well-studied model for central pattern generation, the neural networks that control rhythmic motor patterns. Despite multi-faceted scientific interest in this species, currently our genetic resources for the lobster are limited. In this study, we de novo assemble a transcriptome for Homarus americanus using central nervous system (CNS), muscle, and hybrid neurosecretory tissues and compare gene expression across these tissue types. In particular, we focus our analysis on genes relevant to central pattern generation and the identity of the neurons in a neural network, which is defined by combinations of genes distinguishing the neuronal behavior and phenotype, including ion channels, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, receptors, transcription factors, and other gene products. Results: Using samples from the central nervous system (brain, abdominal ganglia), abdominal muscle, and heart (cardiac ganglia, pericardial organs, muscle), we used RNA-Seq to characterize gene expression patterns across tissues types. We also compared control tissues with those challenged with the neuropeptide proctolin in vivo. Our transcriptome generated 34,813 transcripts with known protein annotations. Of these, 5,000-10,000 of annotated transcripts were significantly differentially expressed (DE) across tissue types. We found 421 transcripts for ion channels and identified receptors and/or proteins for over 20 different neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Results indicated tissue-specific expression of select neuromodulator (allostatin, myomodulin, octopamine, nitric oxide) and neurotransmitter (glutamate, acetylcholine) pathways. We also identify differential expression of ion channel families, including kainite family glutamate receptors, inward-rectifying K+ (IRK) channels, and transient receptor potential (TRP) A family channels, across central pattern generating tissues. Conclusions: Our transcriptome-wide profiles of the rhythmic pattern generating abdominal and cardiac nervous systems in Homarus americanus reveal candidates for neuronal features that drive the production of motor output in these systems.
FIGURE 12. Central nervous systems. A in Taxonomy and anatomy of Amphiboloidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Archaeopulmonata)
FIGURE 12. Central nervous systems. A. Amphibola crenata (Martyn, 1786). B. Salinator fragilis (Lamarck, 1822). C. Lactiforis tropicalis sp. nov.. D. Lactiforis takii (Kuroda, 1928). E. Naranjia cf. swatowensis (Yen, 1939). F. Phallomedusa solida (Martens, 1878). G. Maningrida arnhemensis sp. nov.. Scale bar = 500 µm. Subcerebral and parapedal commissures are indicated on the figures for A. crenata, S. fragilis and P. s o l i d a, but not on the figures for other species as the presence of these structures is unconfirmed.
DistSNE: Distributed computing and online visualization of DNA methylation-based central nervous system tumor classification
<p><strong>The current state-of-the-art analysis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors through DNA methylation profiling relies on the tumor classifier developed by Capper and colleagues, which centrally harnesses DNA methylation data provided by users. Here, we present a distributed-computing-based approach for CNS tumor classification that achieves a comparable performance to centralized systems while safeguarding privacy. We utilize the t-distributed neighborhood embedding (t-SNE) model for dimensionality reduction and visualization of tumor classification results in two-dimensional graphs in a distributed approach across multiple sites (DistSNE). DistSNE provides an intuitive web interface (https://gin-tsne.med.uni-giessen.de) for user-friendly local data management and federated methylome-based tumor classification calculations for multiple collaborators in a DataSHIELD environment. The freely accessible web interface supports convenient data upload, result review, and summary report generation. Importantly, increasing sample size as achieved through distributed access to additional datasets allows DistSNE to improve cluster analysis and enhance predictive power. Collectively, DistSNE enables a simple and fast classification of CNS tumors using large-scale methylation data from distributed sources, while maintaining the privacy and allowing easy and flexible network expansion to other institutes. This approach holds great potentialfor advancing human brain tumor classification and fostering collaborative precision medicine in neuro-oncology. </strong></p>
Division of labor for defensive retaliation and preemption by the peripheral and central nervous systems in the nudibranch Berghia stephanieae
<p>Contained in this depository are the kinematic data, associated analyses, and original MATLAB code accompanying the paper "Division of labor for defensive retaliation and preemption by the peripheral and central nervous systems in the nudibranch <em>Berghia stephanieae.</em>" </p>
Incidence trends of childhood central nervous system tumors in Finland 1990–2017
<p>Frequency tables of the dataset provided by the Finnish cancer registry and used for the submitted manuscript Incidence trends of childhood central nervous system tumors in Finland 1990–2017 by the above-mentioned authors.<br> </p>
Validation of LEXO® End-Effector Robot-assisted Training in Patients with Gait Deficits after Central Nervous System Diseases. A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 9 in Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
FIGURE 9. Paucumara falcata. Photomicrographs: (A) PLA-Pa002, testes; (B–C) PLA-Pa002, penis and musculoparenchymatic organ; (D) PLA-Pa002, female reproductive system; (E) PLA-Pa001, oviducts and bursal canal. Scale bar: 20 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
FIGURE 8. Paucumara falcata. Whole mounts. (A) PLA-N004, entire animal; (B) PLA-N004, testes and ovaries; (C) PLA- N006, penis and musculo-parenchymatic organ; (D) PLA-N005, musculo-parenchymatic organ. Scale bar: A–B = 200 µm, C– D = 50 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
FIGURE 6. Nerpa fistulata. (A) diagrammatic horizontal reconstruction of entire animal, based on examination of several specimens; (B) diagrammatic sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus, based on examination of several specimens.
FIGURE 5 in Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
FIGURE 5. Nerpa fistulata. Photomicrographs of sagittal sections. (A–B) PLA-N003, ovaries; (C) PLA-N003, copulatory apparatus; (D) PLA-N003, lateral bursa; (E) PLA-N001, oviduct. Scale bar: 20 µm.
FIGURE 4. Nerpa fistulata. PLA-N004 in Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
FIGURE 4. Nerpa fistulata. PLA-N004, photomicrographs of horizontal sections. (A) anterior end; (B–F) copulatory apparatus. Scale bar: 20 µm.
FIGURE 11 in Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
FIGURE 11. Paucumara falcata. (A) diagrammatic reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus, based on examination of several specimens; (B) two animals in copulation. Scale bar: 500 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
FIGURE 1. Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree topology based on 18S rDNA dataset. Numbers on branches indicate support values (posterior probability/bootstrap).
FIGURE 3 in Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
FIGURE 3. Nerpa fistulata. Whole mounts. (A) PLA-N005, whole animal; (B) PLA-N006, penis and oviduct; (C) PLA-N005, penis. Scale bar: A = 100 µm, B–C = 20 µm.
FIGURE 7 in Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
FIGURE 7. Paucumara falcata. Live specimen: (A–B) entire animal; (C) testes and ovaries; (D) musculo-parenchymatic organ; (E) penis and vas deferentia. (F) cocoon. Scale bar: A–C, F = 200 µm; D–E = 20 µm;
FIGURE 12 in Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
FIGURE 12. Paucumara falcata. Photomicrographs of AChE nerve system structure. (A) whole animal, ventral view; (B) posterior end. Numbers 1–4: four lateral nerve branches given off by the cerebral ganglion. Scale bar: A = 200 µm, B = 100 µm.
FIGURE 10 in Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
FIGURE 10. Paucumara falcata. Diagrammatic horizontal reconstruction: (A) entire animal; (B) copulatory apparatus, based on examination of several specimens; ventral view.
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
FIGURE 2. Nerpa fistulata. Live specimens: (A–B) whole animal, dorsal view; (C) copulatory apparatus, showing penis, oviduct, lateral bursae and gonopore. (D) sperm. Scale bar: A–B = 100 µm, C = 50 µm, D = 10µm
Fig. 10 Z in Morphology and evolution of the nervous system in Gnathostomulida (Gnathifera, Spiralia)
Fig. 10 Z-projections of the nervous system of Austrognathia microconulifera. Serotonin-like immunoreactivity in white, α-tubulinlike immunoreactivity in yellow, FRMF-amid-like immunoreactivity in magenta, and synapsin 2-like immunoreactivity in green. Anterior to the left. a Entire body. b–d Nervous structures in the ventro-anterior part of the body. e–h Brain and sensory structures in the head region. i and j Ventral nervous structures in the middle part of the trunk. k–n Ventral nervous structures in the posterior part of the body. Abbreviations: ano anterior sensory organ; b brain; bg buccal ganglion; bn buccal nerve; bp brain perikarya; cgr ciliary gut receptor; dac dorso-anterior commissure; dc dorso-lateral nerve cord; dp dorsal perikarya; dpc dorso-posterior
Fig. 8 in The plastic nervous system of Nemertodermatida
Fig. 8 Confocal laser scanning microscope images of Nemertoderma cf. westbladi. a Alpha-tubulin IR pattern. Overview of an animal at the level of epidermis showing innervation of numerous tubulin IR glands and the seminal vesicle. b Alpha-tubulin IR pattern. Innervation of the gland cells from the brain. c Tyrosinated-tubulin IR pattern. Innervation of the bottle glands from the ventral longitudinal neurite bundles. d Tyrosinatedtubulin IR pattern. Glands in the anterior part of the body innervated
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.