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Fig. 20 in Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities

Fig. 20. Diagrams of relative conch width and angles of expansion of species of Svalbardoceras gen. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. See Supp. file 1 for details of measurements.

Fig. 7 in Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities

Fig. 7. Details of siphuncle and septal necks, median sections of cyrtoconic ellesmeroceratids from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. Note the loxochoanitic septal necks and the concave siphuncular segments. A. Lawrenceoceras larus sp. nov., FMNH-P30355, paratype, from bed PO 131. B. Lawrenceoceras ebenus sp. nov., FMNH-P30335, holotype, from bed PO 123.3. Scale bar = 1 mm for all figures.

Fig. 19 in Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities

Fig. 19. Details of the conch surface of rioceratid cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Hinlopoceras venti gen. et sp. nov., FMNH- P30262, from bed PO 07, lateral view with ventral, prosiphuncular side toward left. B. Hinlopoceras tempestatis gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30359, from bed PO 07, lateral view with ventral, prosiphuncular side toward right. C. Svalbardoceras skua gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30408, from bed PO 123.3. D. Svalbardoceras sterna gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30373, from bed PO 7.5. Scale bar = 5 mm for all figures.

Fig. 22 in Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities

Fig. 22. Svalbardoceras gen. nov. from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A–D. Svalbardoceras skua gen. et sp. nov. from bed PO 123.3. A. Specimen FMNH-P30277, lateral view, venter, prosiphuncular side toward the right. B. Specimen FMNH-P30272, holotype, lateral view, venter, prosiphuncular side toward the left. C. Specimen FMNH-P30276, lateral view of adult (?), body chamber, with venter, prosiphuncular side toward the left. D. Specimen FMNH-P30263, lateral view of a fragmentary body chamber, with venter, prosiphuncular side toward the left. E–G. Svalbardoceras sterna gen. et sp. nov., from bed PO 7.5. E. Specimen FMNH-P30379. F. Specimen FMNH-P30373, lateral view with venter, prosiphuncular side toward the right. G. Specimen FMNH-P30368, holotype, lateral view with venter, prosiphuncular side toward the right. Scale bar = 10 mm for all figures.

Fig. 5 in Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities

Fig. 5. Cyrtoconic cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A–C. Lawrenceoceras larus sp. nov., FMNH-P30351, holotype, from bed PO 131. A. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. B. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. C. Adoral view of septum and septal perforation. D–E. Lawrenceoceras ebenus sp. nov., FMNH-P30335, holotype, from bed PO 123.3. D. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. E. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. F–G. Olenidslettoceras farmi gen. et sp. nov., FMNH-P30334, holotype, from bed PO 123.3. F. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. G. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. H–N. Vallhalloceras floweri King & Evans, 1990. H–I. Specimen FMNH-P30337, from bed PO 131. H. Lateral view, siphuncle on right side I. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. J–L. Specimen FMNH-P30343 from bed PO 123.3, J. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. K. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. L. Dorsal view, antisiphuncular side. M–N. Specimen FMNH-P30338 from bed PO 131. M. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. N. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. O–Q. Cyclostomiceras profilstrandense sp. nov., specimen FMNH-P30336, from bed PO 123.3. O. Lateral view with siphuncle on left side. P. Ventral view, prosiphuncular side. Q. Dorsal view, antisiphuncular side. Scale bar = 10 mm for all figures.

Fig. 27 in Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities

Fig. 27. Median sections of phragmocones of Bactroceras boliviensis Aubrechtová, 2015, from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. Note conical endisiphuncular lining in A–D. A. Specimen FMNH-P30215, from bed PO 131. B. Specimen FMNH-P30259, from bed PO 7.5. C–D. Specimen FMNH-P30243, from bed PO 7.5. E. Specimen FMNH-P30383, from bed PO 131. Scale bars: A–C, E = 5 mm; D = 1 mm.

Fig. 15 in Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities

Fig. 15. Median sections of phragmocones of Ethanoceras solitudines gen. et sp. nov. from from bed PO 123.3, Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Specimen FMNH-P30394. B. Specimen FMNH-P30406. C. Specimen FMNH-P30395, oblique section roughly dorsal-ventrally oriented with ventral side directed toward the left. Scale bar = 1 mm for all figures.

Fig. 10 in Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities

Fig. 10. Median section of orthocones from bed PO 131 of the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Catoraphiceras sp., FMNH-P30425, with graptolite trapped in siphuncle. B–D. Proterocameroceras vallhallfonnense sp. nov. B. Specimen FMNH-P30429. C–D. Holotype, specimen FMNH-P30427. C. Complete specimen with asymmetric endosiphuncular deposits and imploded septa. D. Detail of holotype showing dorsal side of connecting ring and septal necks. Scale bars: A–B = 2 mm; C = 10 mm; D = 1 mm.

Fig. 11 in Early-Middle Ordovician cephalopods from Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen - a pelagic fauna with Laurentian affinities

Fig. 11. Reconstruction and interpretation of details of connecting ring and septal necks in orthoconic cephalopods from the Olenidsletta Member, Floian, Ordovician, Profilstranda section, Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen. A. Order, genus and species indet. B, FMNH-P30424, see also Fig. 49A. B. Buttsoceras buldrebreenense sp. nov., FMNH-P30421, holotype, see also Fig. 35A. C. Proterocameroceras vallhallfonnense sp. nov., FMNH-P30429, see also Fig. 10B. Without scale.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

High-resolution images of 1550 Ordovician to Silurian graptolite specimens for global correlation and shale gas exploration

A unique graptolite image dataset consists of  key graptolite species used for dating rocks, global correlation, and “gold caliper” for locating shale gas favourable exploration beds (FEBs) in China.  All images were taken from 1,550 carefully curated graptolite specimens, taxonomically belong to 113 graptolite species or subspecies. They were collected from the Ordovician to Silurian sediments of China and published in 1958-2020. These specimens are preserved as shale and were collected from 154 representative geological sections of China. All specimens are housed at the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (NIGP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). My working group spent over two years to complete photographing every specimen using a single-lens reflex camera Nikon D800E with Nikkor 60 mm macro-lens and Leica M125 and M205C microscopes equipped with Leica cameras. Every image is well focused and better shows the morphology of graptolite bodies. In total, we took 40,597 images, including 20,644 camera photos (each with a resolution of 4,912 × 7,360) and 19,953 microscope photos (each with a resolution of 2,720 × 2,048). Photos of low contrast or bad focus were removed from the whole collection. We only kept and selected the photos that show the visual morphology of every specimen and the diagnostic character of each graptolite species that the specimens represent. We selected one image for each specimen as the present final dataset, uploaded to and stored in our cloud server. We incorporated revision suggestions from distinguished palaeontologists to generate the ground-truth labels, providing a taxonomical authority of the dataset. The dataset potentially contributes to a range of scientific activities and provides 1) easy access to high-resolution images of 2951 specimens of 113 graptolite species for teaching and training in palaeontology and geologic survey; 2) Global bio-stratigraphic correlation using graptolites, especially with those bio-zone species; 3) A standard fossil specimen image dataset used in shale gas industry to improve exploration efficiency, and 4) The potential aid of developing image-based automated classification model. Every specimen has two photos, one is original, another shows specimen with a scale bar. Occasionally in some large image the scale bar is embedded and beside the fossil specimen. All in JPG format. Single JPG file ranges from 822 KB to 7.055 MB.  Total :10.4 GB.

Fig. 74. Cyclolituites lynceusHolm, 1891. A in Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)

Fig. 74. Cyclolituites lynceusHolm, 1891. A. Coiling outline of specimen MB.C.30561.B. Coiling outline of specimen MB.C.30562. C–F. Conch proportions and coiling rates of the specimens MB.C.30561 and MB.C.30562. Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Fig. 71 in Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)

Fig. 71. Trilacinoceras cf. hunanense Lai & Qi, 1977. A. Coiling outline of specimen MB.C.29655. B–E. Conch proportions and coiling rates of specimen MB.C.29655. Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Fig. 73. Cyclolituites lynceus Holm, 1891. A in Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)

Fig. 73. Cyclolituites lynceus Holm, 1891. A. Specimen MB.C.30561 (Neben & Krueger Coll.) from Oderberg (Brandenburg). B. Specimen MB.C.30562 (Neben & Krueger 1962 Coll.) from Boltenhagen, Gross Klütz (Mecklenburg); previously figured by Neben & Krueger (1971: pl. 32 figs 17–18). C. Reproduction of the illustration by Holm (1891: pl. 1 figs 8–9). Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Fig. 72 in Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)

Fig. 72. Cyclolituites applanatus (Remelé, 1880) from the Upper Grey Orthoceratite Limestone. A. Specimen MB.C.30560 (Neben & Krueger Coll.) from Oderberg (Brandenburg); previously figured by Neben & Krueger (1971: pl. 32 figs 19–20); lateral and ventral views. B. Lectotype MB.C.11671.2 (Kgl. Forstakademie Eberswalde Coll.) from Eberswalde (Brandenburg); previously figured by Remelé (1890: pl. 1 fig. 6); lateral view. Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Fig. 70 in Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)

Fig. 70. Trilacinoceras filix sp. nov., chamber length/whorl height of holotype MB.C.30557 (Neben & Krueger Coll.) from Rerik (Ostsee) (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). A. Empirical data. B. Three data point averaged.

Fig. 69 in Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)

Fig. 69. Species of Trilacinoceras Sweet, 1958. A. Trilacinoceras filix sp. nov., holotype MB.C.30557 (Neben & Krueger 1961 Coll.) from the Upper Grey Orthoceratite Limestone of Rerik (Ostsee) (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern); previously figured by Neben & Krueger (1971: pl. 31 fig. 4). B. Trilacinoceras cf. hunanense Lai & Qi, 1977, specimen MB.C.29655 (Bottke Coll.) from the Datianba Formation of Songtao County (Guizhou, South China). Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Fig. 68 in Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)

Fig. 68. Trilacinoceras knoefleri sp. nov. from the Upper Grey Orthoceratite Limestone. A. Lirae of paratype MB.C.30559 (Krueger Coll.) from Mukran (Sassnitz, Island of Rügen) (Mecklenburg- Vorpommern), at wh = 14 mm. B–C. Ontogenetic development of annuli distance (in mm) and annuli distance/whorl height of holotype MB.C.11658 (Knöfler Coll.) from Teschendorf near Löwenberg (Brandenburg). Blue dots = individual measurements, black lines = three data point averaged values. Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Fig. 67 in Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)

Fig. 67. Trilacinoceras knoefleri sp. nov. A. Coiling outline of holotype MB.C.11658. B–E. Conch proportions and coiling rates of holotype MB.C.11658. F. Coiling outline of paratype MB.C.30559. G–J. Conch proportions and coiling rates of paratype MB.C.30559. Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Fig. 66 in Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)

Fig. 66. Species of Trilacinoceras Sweet, 1958 from the Upper Grey Orthoceratite Limestone. A. Trilacinoceras discors (Holm, 1891), specimen MB.C.30552 (Neben & Krueger Coll.) from Niederfinow (Brandenburg); previously figured by Neben & Krueger (1971: pl. 21 fig. 1). B. Trilacinoceras discors (Holm, 1891), specimen MB.C.30553 from Schwedt (Brandenburg). C. Trilacinoceras knoefleri sp. nov., holotype MB.C.11658 (Knöfler Coll.) from Teschendorf near Löwenberg (Brandenburg). D. Trilacinoceras knoefleri sp. nov., paratype MB.C.30559 (Krueger Coll.) from Mukran (Sassnitz, Island of Rügen) (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern). Scale bar units = 1 mm.

Fig. 65 in Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)

Fig. 65. Lituites kruegeri sp. nov. from the Upper Grey Orthoceratite Limestone; lirae on the venter in holotype MB.C.30539 (Neben & Krueger Coll.) from Hohensaaten (Brandenburg, Germany), at wh = 11 mm. Scale bar units = 1 mm.