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179 results for “Osmia”
FIGURE 2 in A revision of the subgenus Osmia (Diceratosmia), with descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)
FIGURE 2. Female faces: A) O. marilaunidii (DRO4915), B) O. aliciae (BBSL204540), C) O. gonzalezi (BBSL204546), D) O. conjuncta (BBSL695035). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURES 5–10 in Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species
FIGURES 5–10. Nesting behaviour of Osmia (Hoplosmia). 5: Female of Osmia spinulosa entering her nest in an empty shell of Xerolenta obvia. 6: Female of Osmia spinulosa turning her nest in an empty shell of Zebrina detrita in a protected position. 7: Opened nest of Osmia pinguis in an empty snail shell containing three brood cells. 8: Females of Osmia distinguenda at their nests in small rock cavities (photo G. Pisanty). 9: Opened nest of Osmia ligurica in a preexisting burrow in a dead stem of Scolymus hispanicus (photo G. Le Goff). 10: Female of Osmia ligurica at the entrance of her nest in a hollow plant stem (photo H. Wiesbauer).
FIGURES 1–4 in Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species
FIGURES 1–4. Flower-visiting females of Osmia (Hoplosmia). 1: Osmia spinulosa on Buphthalmum salicifolium (Asteroideae). 2: Osmia spinigera on Centaurea spec. (Carduoideae; photo H. Wiesbauer). 3: Osmia bidentata on Centaurea spec. (Carduoideae; photo A. Gogala). 4: Osmia pinguis on Inula spec. (Asteroideae).
FIGURES 16–25. 16 in Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species
FIGURES 16–25. 16: Female of Osmia centaureae. 17: Male sterna of Osmia centaurea. 18: Female head of Osmia centaureae in lateral view (pilosity on vertex removed). 19: Female head of Osmia spinigera in lateral view (pilosity on vertex removed). 20: Female fore tibial spur of Osmia centaureae. 21: Female fore tibial spur of Osmia spinigera. 22: Male tergum 6 of Osmia centaureae. 23: Male tergum 6 of Osmia spinigera. 24: Male genitalia of Osmia centaureae. 25: Male genitalia of Osmia spinigera.
FIGURES 11–15. 11 in Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenus Hoplosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species
FIGURES 11–15. 11: Female of Osmia carbo. 12. Female of Osmia pinguis. 13: Male sterna 2–3 of Osmia carbo. 14: Male genitalia of Osmia carbo. 15: Male genitalia of Osmia pinguis.
The neonicotinoid thiamethoxam impairs male fertility in solitary bees, Osmia cornuta
<p>The ongoing loss of global biodiversity is endangering ecosystem functioning and human food security. While environmental pollutants are well known to reduce fertility, the potential effects of common neonicotinoid insecticides on insect fertility remain poorly understood. Here, we show that field-realistic neonicotinoid exposure can drastically impact male insect fertility. In the laboratory, male and female solitary bees <em>Osmia cornuta</em> were exposed to four concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam to measure survival, food consumption, and sperm traits. Despite males being exposed to higher dosages of thiamethoxam, females revealed an overall increased hazard rate for survival; suggesting sex-specific differences in toxicological sensitivity. All tested sublethal concentrations (i.e., 1.5, 4.5, and 10 ng g<sup>-1</sup>) reduced sperm quantity by 57% and viability by 42% on average, with the lowest tested concentration leading to a reduction in total living sperm by 90%. As the tested sublethal concentrations match estimates of global neonicotinoid pollution, this reveals a plausible mechanism for population declines, thereby reflecting a realistic concern. An immediate reduction in environmental pollutants is required to decelerate the ongoing loss of biodiversity.</p>
No impact of neonicotinoids on male solitary bees Osmia cornuta under semi-field conditions
<p>The ubiquitous use of agrochemicals is one driver for the ongoing loss of insect biomass and diversity. Data show that field-realistic concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides can negatively affect both population density and the fitness of solitary bees. However, the underlying mechanisms for these effects remain poorly understood. Here, using an established semi-field experimental set-up and <em>Osmia cornuta</em> as a solitary bee model, we examined the effects of field-realistic concentrations of a common neonicotinoid insecticide (clothianidin) on male larvae and adults. Besides measuring lethal (i.e., overwintering success and adult survival) and sub-lethal endpoints (i.e., emergence mass and emergence duration), we examined, for the first time, potential effects on the male reproductive physiology of a solitary bee (i.e., sperm quantity and viability). The data revealed no significant effects on any of the measured response variables. This may be due to the low degree of clothianidin exposure (0.56 ng g<sup>−1</sup>) and/or the apparent low susceptibility of solitary bee larvae to neonicotinoids. Furthermore, it is conceivable that ideal foraging conditions, combined with optimal weather and lack of other environmental stressors, may have improved the ability of bees to cope with the insecticide. To reliably assess and understand the environmental hazards of agrochemicals, a holistic approach, including laboratory, semi-field, and field data is required. Knowledge of underlying mechanisms will help to mitigate the current global declines of insect populations.</p>
Data from: Asteraceae pollen provisions protect Osmia mason bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) from brood parasitism
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No impact of neonicotinoids on male solitary bees Osmia cornuta under semi-field conditions
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Data from: Not every sperm counts: male fertility in solitary bees, Osmia cornuta
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The neonicotinoid thiamethoxam impairs male fertility in solitary bees, Osmia cornuta
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Data from: Phylogeny and systematics of the bee genus Osmia (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) with emphasis on North American Melanosmia: subgenera, synonymies, and nesting biology revisited
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Supplementary material 1 from: Müller A, Prosi R, Taylor S, Richter H, Herrmann M, Weibel U (2020) Unique nesting biology of Osmia ( Melanosmia) uncinata, a Palaearctic osmiine bee specialized on thick-barked conifers (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Alpine Entomology 4: 157-171. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.53489
List of distributional data of Osmia uncinata
Figure 15 from: Müller A, Prosi R, Taylor S, Richter H, Herrmann M, Weibel U (2020) Unique nesting biology of Osmia ( Melanosmia) uncinata, a Palaearctic osmiine bee specialized on thick-barked conifers (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Alpine Entomology 4: 157-171. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.53489
Figure 15 Nest parameters of Osmia uncinata. a) Trunk diameter at breast height of Pinus sylvestris trees selected as nesting site. b) Height of nest entrance above the ground. c) Exposure of nest. d) Length of nesting burrow. e) Number of brood cells. Grey = abandoned nests; blue = nests occupied upon discovery.
Figure 37 from: Müller A, Prosi R, Taylor S, Richter H, Herrmann M, Weibel U (2020) Unique nesting biology of Osmia ( Melanosmia) uncinata, a Palaearctic osmiine bee specialized on thick-barked conifers (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Alpine Entomology 4: 157-171. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.53489
Figure 37 Swiss records of Osmia uncinata (n = 198) mapped onto the distribution of Pinus sylvestris in Switzerland. Grey = sample plots of the Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI) without occurrence of P. sylvestris; red = sample plots of the NFI with occurrence of P. sylvestris; green = records of O. uncinata with pine presence; blue = records of O. uncinata without pine presence; black = records of O. uncinata not assignable to a square kilometre. Data made available by the Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune (CSCF) for O. uncinata and the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) for P. sylvestris (WSL 2019).
Figures 16-25 from: Müller A, Prosi R, Taylor S, Richter H, Herrmann M, Weibel U (2020) Unique nesting biology of Osmia ( Melanosmia) uncinata, a Palaearctic osmiine bee specialized on thick-barked conifers (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Alpine Entomology 4: 157-171. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.53489
Figures 16-25 Nest architecture of Osmia uncinata. 16) Several years old nest after uppermost bark layer has flaked off. 17) Entrance to old nest seen from below. 18–25) Dissected nests consisting of a single burrow (18–22) or of one to three side burrows branching off the main burrow (23–25).
Figures 5-14 from: Müller A, Prosi R, Taylor S, Richter H, Herrmann M, Weibel U (2020) Unique nesting biology of Osmia ( Melanosmia) uncinata, a Palaearctic osmiine bee specialized on thick-barked conifers (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Alpine Entomology 4: 157-171. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.53489
Figures 5-14 Nesting site of Osmia uncinata. 5–10) Position of nests in the bark of Pinus sylvestris trunks. 11–14) Nest entrances below prominences of longitudinal bark ribs.
Figures 1-4 from: Müller A, Prosi R, Taylor S, Richter H, Herrmann M, Weibel U (2020) Unique nesting biology of Osmia ( Melanosmia) uncinata, a Palaearctic osmiine bee specialized on thick-barked conifers (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Alpine Entomology 4: 157-171. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.53489
Figures 1-4 Osmia uncinata. 1) Female on Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae). 2) Female on Rubus spec. (Rosaceae; photo A. Jacobs). 3) Male. 4) Female at the entrance of her nest.
Figure 36 from: Müller A, Prosi R, Taylor S, Richter H, Herrmann M, Weibel U (2020) Unique nesting biology of Osmia ( Melanosmia) uncinata, a Palaearctic osmiine bee specialized on thick-barked conifers (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Alpine Entomology 4: 157-171. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.53489
Figure 36 Distribution of Osmia uncinata. See Suppl. material 1 for a complete list of all distributional data. Made with Natural Earth (www.naturalearthdata.com).
Figure 35 from: Müller A, Prosi R, Taylor S, Richter H, Herrmann M, Weibel U (2020) Unique nesting biology of Osmia ( Melanosmia) uncinata, a Palaearctic osmiine bee specialized on thick-barked conifers (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae). Alpine Entomology 4: 157-171. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.4.53489
Figure 35 Phenology of Osmia uncinata in Central Europe. For each period of five days, the number of female and male records per elevation is given. For a given locality and date, only one record per sex was considered.
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