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323 results for “Paleontology”
Fig. 19 in Geology And Paleontology Of The Upper John Day Beds, John River Valley, Oregon: Lithostratigraphic And Biochronologic Revision In The Haystack Valley And Kimberly Areas (Kimberly And Mt. Misery Quadrangles)
Fig. 19. Structural trends south of the Blue Mountains in the eastern subregion along the course of the John Day River (modified from Fisher, 1967). Upper John Day rocks east of Spray in Haystack Valley (Haystack Valley Member [revised] and Balm Creek Member) west of the Richmond fault differ from upper John Day rocks east of the fault in the vicinity of Kimberly (Johnson Canyon Member superposed on Kimberly Member). In both areas and at Sutton Mountain, however, the Rose Creek Member unconformably overlies and incises all of these upper John Day units and is the terminal member of the John Day Formation in the region.
FIG. 3 in Louis de Bonis: 50 years of paleontological research on mammals
FIG. 3. — Excavating the locality Xirochori-1 of the Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece) in 1989, just after the discovery of the partial skull of the hominoid primate Ouranopithecus macedoniensis; from left to right: D. Geraads, G. D. Koufos and L. de Bonis.
FIG. 1 in Louis de Bonis: 50 years of paleontological research on mammals
FIG. 1. — Louis de Bonis excavating at Pech Crabit (Quercy, France) in 1972; from left to right: L. de Bonis, M. Vianey-Liaud, J.-P. Aguilar and D. Helmer.
FIG. 4 in Louis de Bonis: 50 years of paleontological research on mammals
FIG. 4. — Louis is acclaimed Honorary Doctor in the School of Geology in the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in 2001; from left to right: G. D. Koufos, L. de Bonis and E. Vavliakis, who gives to L. de Bonis the insignia of the School.
FIG. 2 in Louis de Bonis: 50 years of paleontological research on mammals
FIG. 2. — Louis de Bonis excavating at the locality "Ravin des Zouaves-5" of the Axios Valley (Macedonia, Greece) in 1978.
Data supporting research on the development of Paleontology in Brazil
<p>The documents made available present the data set that was processed in Lucas George Wendt's dissertation, presented in 2024 in the Postgraduate Program in Information Science (PPGCIN) of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). The study is entitled: Brazilian Paleontology: a scientometric analysis based on the Lattes Curriculum. The abstract is as follows. This research sought to carry out a scientometric analysis of Paleontology in Brazil based on data collected in the Lattes Curriculum. The general objective of this dissertation is to analyze the scientific field of Paleontology diachronically and through a scientometric study - which will be explained based on the personal information of the researchers collected in their profiles and the scientific literature produced and registered in the Lattes Curriculum of the Lattes Platform. The literature review presented the concepts of Information Science, the area that, in this study, seeks to understand Paleontology through its research instruments; Scientific Communication, the main subject analyzed in this study; Metric Information Studies, the theoretical-methodological framework used in this research; Scientometrics, the theoretical scope used to understand in greater depth the constitution of the field of national Paleontology. Finally, references were also presented that help in the understanding of Paleontology in its national, South American, North American and European contexts. The research used a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative elements. The data were generated from the CVs of researchers registered on the Lattes Platform, collected using the Brapci Bibliometric Tools tool and analyzed in specific software for metric analysis. To achieve the research objectives, data from 1,465 researcher profiles were analyzed. Regarding the full articles published in journals, 43,333 articles were considered valid. Regarding the keywords of the articles, 91,922 keywords were analyzed for word clouds and 84,771 for relationship networks. Of the academic orientations, 1,182 profiles generated 51,400 valid orientations. The aspect of the current employment relationship had 1,256 profiles considered. Regarding academic backgrounds, 1,465 profiles generated 4,556 academic backgrounds analyzed. The main contribution of this study is the realization of an unprecedented mapping of the panorama of Paleontology in Brazil, since there are no other studies that establish the same relationships that this research sought to establish. Regarding the results, based on the data collected and analyzed, the general metric indicators linked to the scientific production associated with Brazilian Paleontology were presented based on the information collected in the Lattes Curriculum; the directions of research in Paleontology that currently constitute this field in Brazil were mapped, as well as their thematic associations with other fields of knowledge; the training of PhD researchers who work with Paleontology or who have their production associated with Paleontology in terms of their academic training was characterized; and where the scientific knowledge in Paleontology or associated with Paleontology is produced was identified. The results of this study are relevant to understanding Brazilian Paleontology, highlighting its national orientation in fossil studies, doctoral training in local institutions and predominant activity in national organizations. These elements are important to consolidate Brazilian paleontological science globally. Regarding interdisciplinary relations, a clear proximity between Paleontology and Geosciences is observed, influenced by the history and current dynamics of the field. The study is available in full at this link: https://lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/278682.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Anthropologically introduced biases in natural history collections, with a case study on the invertebrate paleontology collections from the middle Cambrian Spence Shale Lagerstätte
FIGURE 3. Percentage of taxonomic groups in the KUMIP Spence Shale collection by specimen counts.
FIGURE 8 in Amateur paleontological societies and fossil clubs, interactions with professional paleontologists, and social paleontology in the United States
FIGURE 8. Map of amateur paleontological organizations, Facebook likes, and Twitter followers.
FIGURE 2 in Digitization workflows for paleontology collections
FIGURE 2. Example implementation of the workflow modules described herein.
Data from: Intraspecific variation and symmetry of the inner-ear labyrinth in a population of wild turkeys: implications for paleontological reconstructions
The cochlea and semicircular canals of the inner ear are vital neurosensory devices. There are associations between the anatomy of these sensorineural structures, their function, and the function of related biological systems, e.g., hearing ability, gaze stabilization, locomotor agility, and posture. The endosseous labyrinth is frequently used as a proxy to infer the performance of the hearing and vestibular systems, locomotor abilities, and ecology of extinct species. Such fossil inferences are often based on single specimens or even a single ear, representing an entire species. To address whether a single ear is representative of a population, we used geometric morphometrics to quantitatively assess the variation in shape and symmetry in a sample of endosseous labyrinths of wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo of southern Ohio. We predicted that ears would be symmetrical both within individuals and across the sample; that labyrinth shape and size would covary; that labyrinth shape would vary with the size of the brain, measured as width of the endocranium at the cerebellum; and that labyrinths would be morphologically integrated. To test these predictions, we microCT-scanned the heads of 26 cadaveric turkeys, digitally segmented their endosseous labyrinths in Avizo, and assigned 15 manual landmarks and 20 sliding semilandmarks to each digital model. Following Procrustes alignment, we conducted an analysis of bilateral symmetry, a Procrustes regression analysis for allometry and other covariates including side and replicate, and analyses of global integration and modularity. Based on Procrustes distances, no individual's left and right ears were clearly different from each other. When comparing the ears of different specimens, statistically clear differences in shape were found in only 66 of more than 1300 contrasts. Moreover, effects of both directional and fluctuating asymmetry were very small—generally, two orders of magnitude smaller than the variance explained by individual variation. Statistical tests disagreed on whether these asymmetric effects crossed the threshold of significance, possibly due to non-isotropic variation among landmarks. Regardless, labyrinths appeared to primarily vary in shape symmetrically. Neither labyrinth size nor endocranial width was correlated with labyrinth shape, contrary to our expectations. Finally, labyrinths were found to be moderately integrated in a global sense, but four weakly separated modules—the three semicircular canals and cochlea—were recovered using a maximum-likelihood analysis. The results show that both fluctuating and directional asymmetry play a larger role in shape variation than expected—but nonetheless, endosseous labyrinths are symmetrical within individuals and at the level of the population, and their shape varies symmetrically. Thus, inferences about populations, and very possibly species, may be confidently made when only a single specimen, or even a single ear, is available for study.
Data from: Intraspecific variation and symmetry of the inner-ear labyrinth in a population of wild turkeys: implications for paleontological reconstructions
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Data from: Extinction risk in extant marine species integrating paleontological and biodistributional data
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
A total-evidence dated phylogeny of Echinoidea combining phylogenomic and paleontological data
<p>Phylogenomic and paleontological data constitute complementary resources for unravelling the phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of lineages, yet few studies have attempted to fully integrate them. Several unique properties of echinoids (sea urchins) make them especially useful for such synthetizing approaches, including a remarkable fossil record that can be incorporated into explicit phylogenetic hypotheses. We revisit the phylogeny of crown group Echinoidea using a total-evidence dating approach that combines the largest phylogenomic dataset for the clade, a large-scale morphological matrix with a dense fossil sampling, and a novel compendium of tip and node age constraints. To this end, we develop a novel method for subsampling phylogenomic datasets that selects loci with high phylogenetic signal, low systematic biases and enhanced clock-like behavior. Our results demonstrate that combining different data sources increases topological accuracy and helps resolve conflicts between molecular and morphological data. Notably, we present a new hypothesis for the origin of sand dollars, and restructure the relationships between stem and crown echinoids in a way that implies a long stretch of unidscovered evolutionary history of the crown in the late Paleozoic. Our efforts help bridge the gap between phylogenomics and phylogenetic paleontology, providing a model example of the benefits of combining the two.</p>
Supplementary material for: Exploring the impact of unstable terminals on branch support values in paleontological data
<p>The dataset consists of a PDF file and two plain-text TNT scripts (*.run files). The PDF includes supporting Figures for the additional analyses conducted by Flores et al. on paleontological datasets. The TNT scripts conduct two complementary sets of analyses: (a) evaluation of taxon instability relative to the incompleteness ("mc.run"), and (b) changes in branch support values after pruning unstable taxa ("avmc.run"). To properly run these files in TNT, the name of the matrix files should be given as arguments (see the TNT documentation webpage for details on the usage of script files). The scripts generate CSV-formatted output for being subsequently read into any other software. Script files are provided as "ready-for-use", and are freely distributable and modifiable. We request that you cite the respective paper and dataset.</p>
Data from: Death is on our side: paleontological data drastically modify phylogenetic hypotheses
<p>Fossils are the only remaining evidence of the majority of species that have ever existed, providing a direct window into events in evolutionary history that shaped the diversification of life on Earth. Phylogenies underpin our ability to make sense of evolution but are routinely inferred using only data available from living organisms. Although extinct taxa have been shown to add crucial information for inferring macroevolutionary patterns and processes (such as ancestral states, paleobiogeography and diversification dynamics), the role fossils play in reconstructing phylogeny is controversial. Since the early years of phylogenetic systematics, different studies have dismissed the impact of fossils due to their incompleteness, championed their ability to overturn phylogenetic hypotheses or concluded that their behavior is indistinguishable from that of extant taxa. Based on taxon addition experiments on empirical data matrices, we show that the inclusion of paleontological data has a remarkable effect in phylogenetic inference. Fossils often have higher levels of topological influence than extant taxa, while inducing unique topological rearrangements. Previous studies have proposed a suite of explanations for the topological behavior of fossils, such as their retention of unique morphologies or their ability to break long branches. We develop predictive models that demonstrate that the possession of distinctive character state combinations is the primary predictor of the degree of induced topological change, and that the relative impact of taxa (fossil and extant) can be predicted to some extent before any phylogenetic analysis. Our results bolster the consensus of recent empirical studies by showing the unique role of paleontological data in phylogenetic inference, and provide the first quantitative assessment of its determinants, with broad consequences for the design of taxon sampling in both morphological and total-evidence analyses.</p>
Fig. 11 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Fig. 11.—ICAMER (Iteration of Cuspal Area with Mirror Effect and Rotation) topology analysis of the m1 and M1 of: (A, E) Onychomys leucogaster (MVZ 76624); (B, F) O. torridus (CNMA 3345); (C, G) O. arenicola (CNMA 46447); (D) Acrolophomys rhodopetros (LACM 124878). See Barbière et al (2019) and Supplementary Data SD1 for ICAMER nomenclature and color coding. All scaled to the same size.
Fig. 8 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Fig. 8.—Majority-rule consensus tree obtained from Bayesian inference analysis of combined morphological and molecular data sets, in part. Details of the consensus tree corresponding to the ingroup taxa less the Neotomini tribe and outgroups. See Fig. 9 for part of the consensus tree corresponding to Neotominae and non-neotomine outgroup taxa. Posterior probabilities values are indicated in grayscale circles for each node. Terminals in bold indicate the Onychomyini and fossil species (†, extinct).
Fig. 6 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Fig. 6.—Phylogenetic consensus tree obtained from maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of the concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear independent loci. Bootstrap support is indicated in grayscale circles for each node. Terminal in bold indicates the Onychomyini species.
Fig. 7 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Fig. 7.—Phylogenetic consensus tree obtained from maximum parsimony (MP) analysis of the concatenated mitochondrial and nuclear independent loci. MP analysis yielded a single most parsimonious tree of 14,471 steps (consistency index [CI] = 0.399, retention index [RI] = 0.546). Bootstrap support is indicated in grayscale circles for each node. Terminal in bold indicates the Onychomyini species.
Fig. 3 in Morphology and genetics of grasshopper mice revisited in a paleontological framework: reinstatement of Onychomyini (Rodentia, Cricetidae)
Fig. 3.—Examples of upper molars of species included in the morphological cladistic analysis, upper molars unknown for Acrolophomys. A— LM1–3, UCMP 317400, from Ronez et al. (2020). B—RM1–3, reversed, FMNH 230688, photo by C. Ronez. C—LM1–3, MVZ 105624, photo by A. Pacheco-Castro. D—LM1–3, MNCN-275, photo by P. Peláz-Campomanes. E—LM1–3, USNM 272116, photo by R. Martin. F—LM1–3, USNM 272176, photo by R. Martin. G—RM1–3, reversed, MVZ 219614. H—RM1–3, reversed, MVZ 225121. I—RM1–3, reversed, MVZ 219161. Photos G, H, and I by Jessica L. Blois, UC Merced. All occlusal views. Not to scale, all M1s adjusted to equal lengths.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.