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FIGURE 11 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 11. Dendrogram of dentary hierarchical cluster analysis. Specimens used in analysis are labeled by species and catalog number.

FIGURE 8 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 8. Histogram of canonical variate scores for analysis of dentary data with Castor californicus treated as an unknown. The x axis depicts shape variation, associated with landmark deformations, indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids. The y axis indicates the frequency of canonical variate scores among studied taxa.

FIGURE 7 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 7. Canonical variate plot for analysis of cranial data with Castor californicus treated as a distinct taxon a priori. Axes depict shape variation, associated with landmark deformations, indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids.

FIGURE 1 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 1. Late Miocene through Late Pleistocene fossil localities of Castor across North America. Locality points obtained from NOW database of Fossil Mammals.

FIGURE 5 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 5. Relative warp plot for the dentary. Axes depict shape variation, associated with landmark deformations indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids.

FIGURE 6 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 6. Histogram of canonical variate scores for analysis of cranial data with Castor californicus treated as an unknown. The x axis depicts shape variation, associated with landmark deformations, indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids. The y axis indicates the frequency of canonical variate scores among studied taxa.

FIGURE 4 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 4. Relative warp plot for the lateral view of the cranium. Axes depict shape variation, associated with landmark deformations, indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids.

FIGURE 3 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 3. Relative warp plot for the dorsal view of the cranium. Axes depict shape variation, associated with landmark deformations, indicated by thin plate splines deformation grids.

FIGURE 2 in Comparison of Miocene to early Pleistocene-aged Castor californicus (Rodentia: Castoridae) to extant beavers and implications for the evolution of Castor in North America

FIGURE 2. Landmark placement for craniums in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views and dentaries (D) in lateral view on Castor canadensis MVZ 80744. Definitions of landmarks are outlined in Table 1 for the cranium and Table 2 for the dentary.

Figure 2. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n in Large dendrinids meet giant clam: the bioerosion trace fossil Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. in a Tridacna shell from Pleistocene-Holocene coral reef deposits, Red Sea, Egypt

Figure 2. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a) Inner side of valve (left; prior to sectioning) with hundreds of N. carnelia specimens, and outer surface (right) intensely bioeroded by the sponge boring Entobia isp. (b) Section of the valve (MB.W 5640) with the holotype (centre) and the paratypes (all other specimens) in various ichnogenetic stages. (c) Close-up of the holotype trace. (d–e) Respective micro-CT scan of the holotype in plan and angular views as seen from inside the substrate.

Figure 1 in Large dendrinids meet giant clam: the bioerosion trace fossil Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. in a Tridacna shell from Pleistocene-Holocene coral reef deposits, Red Sea, Egypt

Figure 1. The Pleistocene raised coral reef limestones exposed at the type locality of Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. just south of the Carnelia Beach Resort, located between El Quseir and Marsa Alam, exhibiting scleractinian corals as primary reef builders (a) and giant clams Tridacna spp. weathering from the carbonate–siliciclastic rocks (b) that mix with Holocene and modern Tridacna valves, forming a highly time-averaged assemblage (c).

Figure 4. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n in Large dendrinids meet giant clam: the bioerosion trace fossil Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. in a Tridacna shell from Pleistocene-Holocene coral reef deposits, Red Sea, Egypt

Figure 4. Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. on the outer surface of a large recent Tridacna squamosa valve from Nosy-BØ, northern Madagascar (ZMB/Mol 102671). (a) Shell surface with various encrusters as well as bioerosion traces. (b) Close-up of a cluster of N. carnelia. (c) A large specimen with distinct pitted arrays developed in most of the branches.

Figure 3 in Large dendrinids meet giant clam: the bioerosion trace fossil Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. in a Tridacna shell from Pleistocene-Holocene coral reef deposits, Red Sea, Egypt

Figure 3. SEM images (BSE detector) of Neodendrina carnelia igen. et isp. n. of the inner side of a Tridacna maxima bivalve shell from the Pleistocene–Holocene coral reef deposits in the Marsa Alam area, Red Sea, Egypt. (a–c) Overview and close-ups of the holotype. (d–e) Overview and close-up of an early ichnogenetic stage. (f–g) Overview and close-up of a specimen with authigenic gypsum crystals, calcite spar, and clay minerals within the boring as well as on the host's shell surface. (h) Different morphologies possibly developed in the trace, comprising deep open canals (1), isolated deep pits (2), shallow open canals (3), pits in shallow canals (4) and discontinuities (5). (i) Cross section of a trace showing deep (1) and shallow (2) open canals. (j–k) Overview and detail of an epoxy resin cast of a specimen, illustrating the smooth surface texture and the high degree of microbioerosion in the surrounding (partly mechanically removed to gain a view of the dendrinid).

Fig. 6 in A review of Neogene and Quaternary pikes of southeastern Europe and a new species from the early Pleistocene of Nogaisk, Ukraine

Fig. 6. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox spp. from Southeastern Europe; late Miocene (A–J), Pliocene (N–Q), and Pleistocene (K–M, R–T). A–G, I–T. Tooth, lateral view. A. NMNHU-P 41/3472, Palievo. B. NMNHU-P 33/561, Mykhailivka 2. C. NMNHU-P 29/1708, Popovo 3. D. NMNHU-P 29/1045, Verkhnya Krynitsya 2. E. NMNHU-P 41/4498, Egorovka 2. F. NMNHU-P 41/4329, Egorovka 1. G. NMNHU-P 38/1964, Novoukrainka 1. I. NMNHU-P 41/2466, Pontian Lectostratotype. J. NMNHU-P 41/2742, Vinogradovka 1. K. NMNHU-P 53/4395, Bol'shevik 2. L. NMNHU-P 29/380, Lysa Gora 1. M. NMNHU-P 53/4388, Semibalka 1. N. NMNHU-P 42/2458, Vinogradovka 2. O. NMNHU-P 53/4281, Obukhovka 2. P. NMNHU-P 53/4344, Zhevakhova Gora. Q. NMNHU-P 29/627, Verkhnya Krynitsya 1. R. NMNHU-P 42/2463, Kotlovina 2. S. NMNHU-P 53/4406, Medzhibozh. T. NMNHU-P 42/2472, Kotlovina 3. H. Left palatine (NMNHU-P 33/517), Andreevka, occlusal view. Scale bars: C, D, H–O, R, S, T, 5 mm; A, B, E, F, P, Q, 4 mm; G, 3 mm.

Fig. 1 in A review of Neogene and Quaternary pikes of southeastern Europe and a new species from the early Pleistocene of Nogaisk, Ukraine

Fig. 1. Map showing location of Ukraine in Europe (B). Localities with fossil pike remains in southeastern Europe in Ukraine (A), detailed view of area near Odessa (C). 1, Popovo; 2, Mykhailivka; 3, Frunzovka; 4, Palievo; 5, Lobkovo; 6, Cherevichne; 7, Vasylivka; 8, Verkhnya Krynitsya; 9, Egorovka; 10, Novoukrainka; 11, Andreevka; 12, Orekhovka; 13, Pontian Lectostratotype; 14, Vinogradovka; 15, Novopetrovka; 16, Obukhovka; 17, Kamenskoe; 18, Kotlovina; 19, Zhevakhova Gora; 20, Kryzhanovka; 21, Tiligul; 22, Nova Etuliya; 23, Sinyaya Balka; 24, Nogaisk; 25, Kairy; 26, Protopopovka; 27, Semibalka; 28, Lysa Gora; 29, Bol'shevik; 30, Medzhibozh.

Fig. 3 in A review of Neogene and Quaternary pikes of southeastern Europe and a new species from the early Pleistocene of Nogaisk, Ukraine

Fig. 3. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox moldavicus Sytchevskaya, 1974 from Southeastern Europe; Pliocene (A, C–E, G), and Pleistocene (B, F, H). A. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 45/6017), Cherevichne 2, occlusal view. B. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 41/2556), Kotlovina 3, ventral view. C. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 42/513), Kamenskoe, occlusal view. D. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 53/4248), Kryzhanovka, occlusal (D1) and medial (D2) views. E. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 53/4245), Obukhovka 1, occlusal view. F. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2452), Kotlovina 2, occlusal view. G. Palatine fragment (NMNHU-P 53/4246), Obukhovka 2, ventral view. H. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2454), Kotlovina 3, occlusal view. E, D2, anterior to right; C, D1, A, F, H, anterior to left; G, B, anterior towards top. Scale bars: E, D, 10 mm; C, G, F, H, B, 5 mm; A, 2 mm.

Fig. 5 in A review of Neogene and Quaternary pikes of southeastern Europe and a new species from the early Pleistocene of Nogaisk, Ukraine

Fig. 5. Isolated elements assigned to the Northern Pike Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758 from Southeastern Europe; Pleistocene. A. Left cleithrum (NMNHU-P 53/4249), Nova Etuliya, lateral view. B. Left palatine (NMNHU-P 53/4253), Semibalka 1, ventral view. C. Right palatine (NMNHU-P 53/4255), Medzhibozh, dorsal view (C1), ventral view (C2). D. Fragment of cleithra (NMNHU-P 53/4250), Sinyaya Balka, lateral view. E. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 53/4387), Semibalka 1, occlusal view. F. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 53/4264), Medzhibozh, occlusal view. G. Parashenoid (NMNHU-P 53/4254), Medzhibozh, dorsal view. A, D, E, anterior to right; F, anterior to left; B, C, G, anterior towards top. Scale bars: A–F, 5 mm; G, 10 mm.

Fig. 2 in A review of Neogene and Quaternary pikes of southeastern Europe and a new species from the early Pleistocene of Nogaisk, Ukraine

Fig. 2. Isolated elements assigned to a pike Esox sibiricus Sytchevskaya, 1976 from Southeastern Europe; late Miocene (A–J), Pliocene (K), and Pleistocene (L). A. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 29/1679), Popovo 3, occlusal view. B. Dentary fragment with teeth (NMNHU-P 29/1680), Popovo 3, medial view. C. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 29/3965), Lobkovo, occlusal view. D. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 45/5690), Cherevichne 3, occlusal view. E. Parasphenoid (NMNHU-P 29/1033), Verkhnya Krynitsya 2, dorsal view. F. Dentary fragment (NMNHU-P 29/1034), Verkhnya Krynitsya 2, lateral view. G. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 41/4324), Egorovka 2, occlusal view. H. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2847), Orekhovka, occlusal view. I. Right articular (NMNHU-P 41/4525), Egorovka 2, lateral view. J. Right dentary (NMNHU-P 41/2741), Vinogradovka 1, occlusal view. K. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 37/2554), Novopetrovka, occlusal view. L. Left dentary (NMNHU-P 29/1583), Popovo 2, occlusal view. C, D, H, I, K, L, anterior to right; A, B, F, G, J, anterior to left; E, anterior towards top. Scale bars 5 mm.

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Fig. 2 in New Species Of The Genus Pachyrhynchus Germar (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) From The Greater Mindanao Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complex (Philippines)

Fig. 2. Male genitalia of P. ilgas. A – aedegal body in lateral view; B – aedegal body in frontal view; C – sternite IX; D – tegmine. Scale 1mm.