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234 results for “Salt marshes”
Porewater nutrient concentrations from control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
Porewater samples from a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh on Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC were analyzed for ammonium, phosphate, sulfide and chloride concentrations.
Change in marsh surface elevation measured with a Surface Elevation Table (SET) at control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh,North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
A Surface Elevation Table (SET) is used to measure changes in the elevation of the platform at a Spartina alterniflora-dominated marsh on the Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC. Measurements are done monthly.
Aboveground biomass from control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh at Goat Island, North Inlet, Georgetown, SC.
Aboveground biomass is determined non-destructively at permanent, high marsh, control plots in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh in North Inlet, Georgetown, SC. Measurements are done monthly.
Fiddler crab body size in salt marshes from Florida to Massachusetts, USA at PIE and VCR LTER and NOAA NERR sites during summer 2016.
Bergmann’s rule predicts that organisms at higher latitudes are larger than ones at lower latitudes. Here, we examine the body-size pattern of the Atlantic fiddler crab, Minuca (=Uca) pugnax, from salt marshes on the east coast of the United States across 12 degrees of latitude. We found that M. pugnax followed Bergmann’s rule and that, on average, crab carapace width increased by 0.5 mm per degree of latitude. Minuca pugnax body size also followed the temperature-size rule with body size inversely related to mean water temperature. Because an organism’s size influences its impact on an ecosystem, and Minuca pugnax is an ecosystem engineer that affects marsh functioning, the larger crabs at higher latitudes may have greater per-capita impacts on salt marshes than the smaller crabs at lower latitudes.
PIE LTER benthic microalgal biomass in fiddler-crab plots in a salt marsh of West Creek, Rowley, MA.
It is well known that species across the world are expanding or shifting their ranges because of climate change. Yet, we know little about their impact on the habitats they colonize. In an observational study, we examined the effect of the fiddler crab Minuca pugnax (Smith, 1870) on benthic microalgal biomass in salt marshes in its expanded range (northeastern Massachusetts, USA). We found that plots with M. pugnax had, on average, 74% lower diatom biomass and 77% lower cyanobacteria biomass than plots without M. pugnax. Our results indicate that this climate migrant can impact saltmarsh functioning by limiting benthic microalgal biomass. See: Johnson, D.S., K.S. Martínez-Soto, S. Wittyngham, M. Pant, and E. Goetz. 2020. The fiddler crab Minuca pugnax (Smith, 1870) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) reduces saltmarsh algae in its expanded range. Journal of Crustacean Biology 40: 668-672
PIE LTER, parasites of the fiddler crab, Minuca pugnax, on east coast salt marshes of the USA.
When a species colonizes a new range, it can escape enemies found in its original range. Examples of enemy escape abound for invasive species, but are rare for climate migrants, which are populations of a species that colonize a new range due to climate-driven range shifts or expansions. The fiddler crab Minuca (=Uca) pugnax is found in the intertidal salt marshes of the US east coast. It recently expanded its range north into the Gulf of Maine as a result of ocean warming. We tested the hypothesis that M. pugnax had escaped its parasite enemies. Parasite richness and trematode intensity were lower in populations in the expanded range than in populations in the historical range, but infection prevalence did not differ. Although M. pugnax escaped most of its historical parasites when it migrated northward, it was infected with black-gill lamellae (indicative of Synophrya hypertrophica), which was found in the historical range, and with the trematode Odhneria cf. odhneri, which was not found in the historical range. To our knowledge, this is the first time that O. cf. odhneri has been reported in fiddler crabs. These results demonstrate that although M. pugnax escaped some of its historical parasites when it expanded its range, it appears to have gained a new parasite (O. cf. odhneri) in the expanded range. Overall, our results demonstrate that climate migrants can escape their enemies despite colonizing habitats adjacent to their enemy-filled historical range. See Johnson et al. 2020. A climate migrant escapes its parasites. Marine Ecology Progress Series 641: 111-121 for more details.
Carbon stocks in forests transitioning to salt marsh at four sites in the Chesapeake Bay region, 2019
This data set contains measurements of carbon stocks across five vegetation zones that comprise the marsh-forest boundary at sites within Virginia (Goodwin Island and Phillips Creek) and Maryland (Monie Bay and Moneystump/Blackwater). Carbon stocks were measured from soil samples and allometric measurements collected in June-July of 2019. Soil salinity, elevation, and GPS location data are similarly included in this data set.
Blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, density and size in a salt marsh at low tide on the Coast of Virginia, Sept. 2021
While deconstructing a caging experiment at low tide in September 2021, researchers (Serina Wittyngham, Leah Scott, Andrew Nemeth, Emily Goetz, Esther Harper-Smith, David Johnson, and Cora Johnston) noticed blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, ambushing fiddler crabs, Minuca (=Uca) pugnax, and purple marsh crabs, Sesarma reticulatum, from small, muddy pits in the marsh in Painter, Virginia, at low tide. On 28 Sept 2021, David returned to the marsh to estimate blue-crab density in the tall-form Spartina alterniflora (low marsh), the Sesarma-denuded zones and the short-form S. alterniflora (high marsh) zones by haphazardly tossing 15 1-m2 quadrats along a 200 m transect that crossed 6 creekheads. He also measured carapace width and the corresponding pit width and depth in which the crabs were found for up to 15 hapazardly encountered crabs in each of these zones (only 1 found in SSA). Sex was also noted. Surveys were conducted at low tide.
Data/code from: Long-term data reveal that grazer density mediates climatic stress in salt marshes
<p>Understanding how climate and local stressors interact is paramount for predicting future ecosystem structure. The effects of stressors are often examined in small-scale and short-term field experiments, limiting understanding of the spatial and temporal generality of the findings. Using a 22-year observational dataset of plant and grazer abundance in a Southeastern US salt marsh, we analyzed how changes in drought and snail density combined to affect plant biomass. We found: (1) increased drought severity and higher snail density both correlated with lower plant biomass; (2) drought and snail effects interacted additively; and, (3) snail effects had a threshold, with additive top-down effects only occurring when snails were present at high densities. These results suggest that the emergence of multiple stressor effects can be density-dependent, and they validate short-term experimental evidence that consumers can exacerbate environmental stress. These findings have important implications for predicting future ecosystem structure and managing natural ecosystems.</p><p>The data and code included here can be used to replicate all analyses and figures in our manuscript.</p>
Data: Salt marsh litter quality and decomposition under sea-level rise scenarios: from leaves to fine absorptive roots
<p>litter chemical characteristic in salt marshes, including fine absorptive roots, fine transportive roots, rhizomes and leaves. </p> <p>mass loss of litter and chemical characteristics of those litter under sea level scenarios (manipulated in situ)</p>
Dataset Mayen et al_Temporal variations of water carbon and atmospheric carbon dioxide fluxes in a temperate salt marsh and influence of aquatic metabolism
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Spatial and temporal variations in salt marsh microorganisms of the Wadden Sea
<p>Salt marshes exist at the interface of the marine and the terrestrial system. Shore height differences and associated variations in inundation frequency result in altered abiotic conditions, plant communities and resource input into the belowground system. These factors result in three unique zones, the upper salt marsh (USM), the lower salt marsh (LSM) and the pioneer zone (PZ). Marine detritus, such as micro- and macroalgae, is typically flushed into the PZ daily, with storm surges moving both salt marsh detritus and marine detritus into higher salt marsh zones. Microbial assemblages are essential for the decomposition of organic matter and have been shown to sensitively respond to changes in abiotic conditions, such as oxygen supply and salinity. However, temporal and spatial dynamics of microbial communities of Wadden Sea salt marshes received little attention. We investigated the dynamics of soil microbial communities across horizontal (USM, LSM and PZ), vertical (0-5 and 5-10 cm sediment depth) and temporal (spring, summer and autumn) scales in the Wadden Sea salt marsh of the European North Atlantic coast using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Our results show strong spatial dynamics both among salt marsh zones and between sediment depths, but temporal dynamics to be only minor. Despite varying in space and time, PLFA markers indicated that bacteria generally were the dominant microbial group across salt marsh zones and seasons, however, their dominance was most pronounced in the USM, whereas fungal biomass peaked in the LSM and algal biomass in the PZ. Only algal markers and the stress marker monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio responded to seasonality. Overall, therefore the results indicate remarkable temporal stability of salt marsh microbial communities despite strong variability in abiotic factors.</p>
Trophic structure and origin of resources of soil macrofauna in the salt marsh of the Wadden Sea: a stable isotope (15N,13C) study
<p>Salt marshes exist along the gradient of the marine mudflat to the terrestrial dunes, with a gradient of shore height and associated plant zonation. The lower salt marsh (LSM) extends from the mean high tidal level to 35 cm above that level and is followed by the upper salt marsh (USM). Despite changes in the amount of allochthonous marine input and in abiotic conditions, little is known about changes in the trophic structure and used of basal resources by the soil macrofauna along marine – terrestrial boundaries. Natural variations in carbon stable isotope ratios (δ¹³C signatures) allow insight into basal resources of consumers such as marine algae, terrestrial C3 and C4 photosynthesising plants. Furthermore, variations in nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ¹5N signatures) allow insight into the trophic position of consumers. We investigated spatial and temporal changes in stable isotope signatures in salt marsh soil macrofauna of the island of Spiekeroog, German Wadden Sea. The range of δ¹⁵N signatures indicated no changes in food chain length across salt marsh zones with consumers in both zones comprising primary decomposer, secondary decomposer and first order predators. However, the trophic position of individual species changed between zones, but in particular with season. Contrasting δ¹⁵N signatures, the range in δ¹³C signatures in the LSM was twice that in the USM indicating a wider range of resources consumed. Bayesian mixing models indicated predominant autochthonous resource use in both the LSM and USM, with the use of marine allochthonous resources never exceeding 29.6%. However, the models also indicate an increase in the use of marine resources in certain species in the LSM with no use in the USM. Overall, the results indicate that the resource use of salt marsh macrofauna varies more in space than in time, with the food web being generally based on autochthonous rather than allochthonous resources. However, there also is trophic plasticity in certain species across both temporal and spatial scales including variations in the use of allochthonous resources. Generally, however, marine input contributes little to the nutrition of salt marsh soil macroinvertebrates.</p>
Data from: Hindcast-validated species distribution models reveal future vulnerabilities of mangroves and salt marsh species
<p>Rapid climate change threatens biodiversity via habitat loss, range shifts, increases in invasive species, novel species interactions, and other unforeseen changes. Coastal and estuarine species are especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to sea level rise and may be severely impacted in the next several decades. Species distribution modeling can project the potential future distributions of species under scenarios of climate change using bioclimatic data and georeferenced occurrence data. However, models projecting suitable habitat into the future are impossible to ground truth. One solution is to develop species distribution models for the present and project them to periods in the recent past where distributions are known to test model performance before making projections into the future. Here, we develop models using abiotic environmental variables to quantify the current suitable habitat available to eight Neotropical coastal species: four mangrove species and four salt marsh species. Using a novel model validation approach that leverages newly available monthly climatic data from 1960-2018, we project these niche models into two time periods in the recent past (i.e., within the past half-century) when either mangrove or salt marsh dominance was documented via other data sources. Models were hindcast-validated and then used to project the suitable habitat of all species at four time periods in the future under a model of climate change. For all future time periods, the projected suitable habitat of mangrove species decreased, and suitable habitat declined more severely in salt marsh species.</p>
Fig. 2. A in Physiological Responses Of Rare Coastal Salt Marsh Plant Triglochin Maritima L. To Soil Chemical Heterogeneity
Fig. 2. A typical morphology of T. maritima plants grown in different substrates for 7 weeks.
Fig. 4 in Arthropods associated with carrion in a salt marsh habitat in southeastern Florida
Fig. 4. Arthropod diversity (immature and adult) on opossum during summer 2010.
Fig. 5 in Arthropods associated with carrion in a salt marsh habitat in southeastern Florida
Fig. 5. Arthropod diversity (immature and adult) on raccoon during fall 2010.
Fig. 2 in Arthropods associated with carrion in a salt marsh habitat in southeastern Florida
Fig. 2. Arthropod diversity (immature and adult) on coyote during winter 2009.
Fig. 1 in Arthropods associated with carrion in a salt marsh habitat in southeastern Florida
Fig. 1. Arthropod diversity (immature and adult) on bobcat and otter during fall 2009.
Fig. 3 in Arthropods associated with carrion in a salt marsh habitat in southeastern Florida
Fig. 3. Arthropod diversity (immature and adult) on raccoon during spring 2010.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.