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255 results for “Sea stars”
Fig. 1. Henricia sanguinolenta. A in A newly recorded sea star of genus Henricia (Asteroidea: Spinulosida: Echinasteridae) from the East Sea, Korea
Fig. 1. Henricia sanguinolenta. A. abactinal side; B. actinal side; C. abactinal paxillae; D. actinal spines: inferomarginal spines (Is), ventrolateral spines (Vs), adambulacral spines (As); E. oral part; F. madreporite with spines; G. madreporite without spines; H. abactinal skeleton; I. actinal skeleton: superomarginal plates (S), intermarginal plates (In), inferomarginal plates (I), ventrolateral plates (V), adambulacral plates (A); J. abactinal spines; K. adambulacral spines. Scale bars: A, B = 2 cm, C-I = 1 mm, J = 100 μm, K = 50 μm.
Fig. 1. Henricia elachys. A in A new record of sea star genus Henricia (Asteroidea: Spinulosida: Echinasteridae) from Jeju Island, Korea
Fig. 1. Henricia elachys. A. dorsal view; B. ventral view; C, J. dorsal spines; D, K. adambulacral spines; E. oral part; F. madreporite; G. dorsal skeleton; H. ventral skeleton: adambulacral plate (A), ventrolateral plate (V), inferomarginal plate (I), supermarginal plate (S); I. furrow spines. Scale bars: A, B = 2 cm; C, D, G, H = 2 mm; E, F = 1 mm; I, J = 100 μm, K = 200 μm.
Fig. 1. Pteraster militaris. A in A new record of sea star genus Pteraster (Asteroidea: Velatida: Pterasteridae) from the East Sea, Korea
Fig. 1. Pteraster militaris. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, ventral side of arm; D, webbed adambulacral spines (AS) and tube feet (TF); E, oral part; F, oral spines (arrows) and oral part. Scale bars: A, B = 5 cm; C, E, F = 3 cm; D = 1 cm.
Fig. 1. Henricia aspera. A in A new record of a sea star, Henricia aspera Fisher, 1906 (Asteroidea: Spinulosida: Echinasteridae) from Jeju Island, Korea
Fig. 1. Henricia aspera. A. abactinal side; B. actinal side; C. abactinal paxillae; D, K. adambulacral spines; E. oral part; F. madreporite; G. abactinal skeleton; H. papulae (arrows); I. actinal skeleton: inferomarginal plates (i); intermarginal plates (in), ventrolateral plates (v), adambulacral plates (a); and J. abactinal spines. Scale bars: A, B = 2 cm, C-I = 1 mm, J = 100 μm, K = 500 μm (J, K, SEM images).
Fig. 2 in A New Sea-Star Species (Asteroidea: Luidiidae) From The South China Sea
Fig. 2. Luidia difficilis, new species: a, tricuspid pedicellaria of ventrolaterals; b, large triangular ventrolateral plate at proximal arm base and corresponding adambulacral plate and inferomarginal plate, plates surface cleared. Scale bar: a = 2.0 mm; b = 0.8 mm.
Fig. 2 in The oldest representative of a modern deep-sea ophiacanthid brittle-star clade from Jurassic shallow-water coral reef sediments
Fig. 2. Ophiacanthid brittle−star Ophiosternle crinitum (Quenstedt, 1876), from the Reef debris beds within the Mergelstetten Formation (Hybonoticeras beckeri Zone, Lithacoceras ulmense Subzone), latest Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic of Buchenbrunnen near Steinenfeld, S−Germany. A. GPIT/69/96−24 (holotype). Detail of proximal arm segments in ventral view without arm spines (A1) and with arm spines (A2). B. 96/23 (paratype). Arm fragment in ventral view (B1), proximal arm segments in lateral view (B2). C. GPIT/AS/56 (paratype). Complete specimen (C1) and detail of proximal to median arm segments (C2) in dorsal view.
Fig. 1 in The oldest representative of a modern deep-sea ophiacanthid brittle-star clade from Jurassic shallow-water coral reef sediments
Fig. 1. Ophiacanthid brittle−star Ophiosternle crinitum (Quenstedt, 1876), GPIT/69/96−24 (holotype), from the Reef debris beds within the Mergelstetten Formation (Hybonoticeras beckeri Zone, Lithacoceras ulmense Subzone), latest Kimmeridgian, Late Jurassic of Buchenbrunnen near Steinenfeld, S−Germany. A. Complete specimen in ventral view. B. Detail of dorsal side showing arm base and distal tip of radial shields. C. Detail of disc in dorsal view. D, E. Detail of disc in ventral view; photograph (D) and explanatory drawing (E).
Fig. 6 in Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Fig. 6. Pteraster sjadesensis, new species, holotype. A, abactinal view (live), osculum is open; B, abactinal view of arm and disc (live), osculum closed; C, actinal view (live), open ambulacra reveal biserial tube feet rows; D, oral region (specimen alcohol preserved and dried) showing oral spine webbing that is independent for each oral plate. Arrow indicates a tricarinate suboral spine with a dense basal boss and a hyaline apical region. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2 mm; C = 2 mm; D = 1 mm.
Fig. 4 in Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Fig. 4. Dipsacaster fisheri, new species, holotype. A, actinal view of whole specimen (live); B, actinal view of arm (specimen ethanol preserved and dried). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 5 mm.
Fig. 3 in Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Fig. 3. Dipsacaster fisheri, new species, holotype. A, abactinal view of whole specimen (live); B, abactinal view of arm (specimen ethanol preserved and dried). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 5 mm.
Fig. 2 in Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Fig. 2. Dipsacaster fisheri, new species. Average superomarginal width-length ratios for the 1st interradial plate (I); 11th mid-arm plate (M); and distal 18th or 19th plate (D) in the holotype (ZRC.ECH.1301) and two paratypes (RCO.ECH.3332 & RCO.ECH.3333). n values in parentheses.
Fig. 1 in Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Fig. 1. The Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatera (Sumatra). Inset shows the location of the Strait within the Indonesian Archipelago. This map indicates the proximity of sites CP07 (at which Dipsacaster fisheri, new species, was found) and DW16 (at which Pteraster sjadesensis, new species, was found) to the 1883 VEI 6 eruption series and remnant of Krakatau. Scale bar = 20 km.
Fig. 5 in Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Fig. 5. Dipsacaster fisheri, new species, holotype (specimen ethanol preserved and dried). A, interradial superomarginal plates bordering paxillose abactinal area and fringed by protruding spinose extensions of inferomarginal plates; B, actinal plates bearing clavate (club-shaped) spines and finer spinules. The ambulacral groove with its furrow spines is aligned across the top right hand corner; C, X-ray negative radiograph of whole specimen; D, X-ray negative radiograph of arm base; inferomarginal plate extensions bearing the laterally projecting spines become narrower than the plates themselves, particularly interradially. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 10 mm; D = 2 mm.
To guard the Stars and the Sea Together
<p>Winner in the 2022 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Still images of celestial patterns.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>This image composition is amazing. In the far background of the landscape we see a chain of mountains that seems to mirror the structure of the Milky Way in the sky above. The strong daylight-like colours of the landscape are caused by the Moon, the bright light at the top of the image.</p> <p>Taken in Kinabalu, Malaysia, in February 2019, this image shows the alignment of planets and the Moon, conveying the idea of the ecliptic as the central line of the Zodiac, the plane within which all planets orbit the Sun. The ecliptic is the central line of the Zodiac, so the region of about five to 10 degrees either side of the ecliptic is where the constellations of the Zodiac are located. Starting from the horizon towards the bottom left of the image we can see the planets Venus, Saturn and Jupiter. The planets have different cultural significance for people around the world, and are deeply embedded in social, religious and practical aspects of life. For example, Wardaman traditions of Indigenous Australians associate the planets with ancestor spirits who traverse the Celestial Road (ecliptic). The appearance and disappearance of planets in the sky are associated with various ceremonies. For example, when Venus starts being the “Morning star” after having been the “Evening star”, this marks the Banumbirr ceremony for the Yolnu people of Arnhem Land, in Australia.</p> <p>The image also shows the constellations Scorpius, Aquila, Lupus and Triangulum Australe, the asterism of the Teapot, and the two pointer stars Alpha and Beta Centauri. The constellations, asterisms and individual stars within them have significance in many different cultures.</p> <p>Malaysia, being close to the equator, has had connections to the north as well as to the south and almost the whole sky is visible over the course of the year. The star Antares is seen by the Kokatha people of the Western Desert as Kogolongo, the red tailed black cockatoo, while the Boorong refer to it as Djuit, the red-rumped parrot. The two stars which form the stinger of Scorpius (Shaula and Lesath), are called Karik Karik, the Australian Kestrel.</p> <p>Credit: Likai Lin/IAU OAE (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">CC BY 4.0</a>)</p>
Sunflower sea star predation on urchins can facilitate kelp forest recovery
<p>The recent collapse of predatory sunflower sea stars (<em>Pycnopodia helianthoides</em>) due to sea star wasting disease (SSWD) is hypothesized to have contributed to proliferation of sea urchin barrens and losses of kelp forests on the North American West Coast. We used experiments and a model to test whether restored <em>Pycnopodia</em> populations may help recover kelp forests through their consumption of nutritionally poor purple sea urchins (<em>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</em>) typical of barrens. <em>Pycnopodia</em> consumed 0.68 <em>S. purpuratus</em> day<sup>−1</sup>, and our model and sensitivity analysis shows that the magnitude of recent <em>Pycnopodia</em> declines is consistent with urchin proliferation after modest sea urchin recruitment, and even small <em>Pycnopodia</em> recoveries could generally lead to lower densities of sea urchins that are consistent with kelp-urchin coexistence. <em>Pycnopodia</em> seem unable to chemically distinguish starved from fed urchins and indeed have higher predation rates on starved urchins due to shorter handling times. These results highlight the importance of <em>Pycnopodia</em> in regulating purple sea urchin populations and maintaining healthy kelp forests through top-down control. The recovery of this important predator to densities commonly found prior to SSWD, whether through natural means or human-assisted reintroductions, may therefore be a key step in kelp forest restoration at ecologically significant scales.</p>
Kinematic data and mathematical modeling of sea star locomotion
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Sunflower sea star predation on urchins can facilitate kelp forest recovery
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Appendix 2 in Temporary expansion to shelf depths rather than an onshore-offshore trend: the shallow-water rise and demise of the modern deep-sea brittle star family Ophiacanthidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)
Appendix 2. Matrix for phylogenetic analysis
Data from: Reciprocal abundance shifts of the intertidal sea stars, Evasterias troschelii and Pisaster ochraceus, following sea star wasting disease
Disease emergence occurs within the context of ecological communities, and disease driven declines in host populations can lead to complex direct and indirect ecological effects. Varying effects of a single disease among multiple susceptible hosts could benefit relatively resistant species. Beginning in 2013, an outbreak of sea star wasting disease (SSWD) led to population declines of many sea star species along the west coast of North America. Through field surveys and laboratory experiments, we investigated how and why the relative abundances of two co-occurring sea star species, Evasterias troschelii and Pisaster ochraceus, shifted during the ongoing wasting epidemic in Burrard Inlet, British Columbia, Canada. We hypothesized that Evasterias is competitively inferior to Pisaster but more resistant to SSWD. Thus, we predicted that SSWD-induced declines of Pisaster could mitigate the negative effects of SSWD on Evasterias, as the latter would experience competitive release. We document shifts in sea star abundance from 2007-2017: Pisaster abundance and mean size declined during the outbreak, while Evasterias abundance increased from relatively rare to numerically dominant within the intertidal. When exposed to symptomatic sea stars, Pisaster and Evasterias both showed signs of SSWD, but transmission and susceptibility was lower in Evasterias. Despite diet overlap documented in our field surveys, Evasterias was not outcompeted by Pisaster in laboratory trails conducted with the relatively small Pisaster available after the outbreak. Interference competition with larger Pisaster, or prey exploitation by Pisaster during summer when Evasterias is primarily subtidal, may explain the rarity of Evasterias prior to Pisaster declines. Our results suggest that indirect effects mediated by competition can mask some of the direct effects of disease outbreaks, and the combination of direct and indirect effects will determine the restructuring of a community after disturbance.
Fig. 1 in Diet And Feeding In The Sea Star Astropecten Indicus (Döderlein, 1888)
Fig. 1. Map of north-eastern Singapore showing the four study sites along the Eastern Johor Strait.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.