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844 results for “South Atlantic”
Changing diets over time: knock-on effects of marine megafauna overexploitation on their competitors in the South-Western Atlantic Ocean
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Raw sequence data and analytical resources for: Mitochondrial genome structure and composition in 70 fishes: a key resource for fisheries management in the South Atlantic
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Data from: Migration of black terns Chlidonias niger and common terns Sterna hirundo between South Sweden and the Atlantic coast of Africa
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Data from: Geological and climatic changes in quaternary shaped the evolutionary history of Calibrachoa heterophylla, an endemic South-Atlantic species of petunia
Background: The glacial and interglacial cycles that characterized the Quaternary greatly affected the distribution and genetic diversity of plants. In the Neotropics, few phylogeographic studies have focused on coastal species outside of the Atlantic Rainforest. Climatic and sea level changes during the Quaternary played an important role in the evolutionary history of many organisms found in coastal regions. To contribute to a better understanding of plant evolution in this environment in Southern South America, we focused on Calibrachoa heterophylla (Solanaceae), an endemic and vulnerable wild petunia species from the South Atlantic Coastal Plain (SACP). Results: We assessed DNA sequences from two cpDNA intergenic spacers and analyzed them using a phylogeographic approach. The present phylogeographic study reveals the influence of complex geologic and climatic events on patterns of genetic diversification. The results indicate that C. heterophylla originated inland and subsequently colonized the SACP; the data show that the inland haplogroup is more ancient than the coastal one and that the inland was not affected by sea level changes in the Quaternary. The major diversification of C. heterophylla that occurred after 0.4 Myr was linked to sea level oscillations in the Quaternary, and any diversification that occurred before this time was obscured by marine transgressions that occurred before the coastal sand barrier's formation. Results of the Bayesian skyline plot showed a recent population expansion detected in C. heterophylla seems to be related to an increase in temperature and humidity that occurred at the beginning of the Holocene. Conclusions: The geographic clades have been formed when the coastal plain was deeply dissected by paleochannels and these correlate very well with the distributional limits of the clades. The four major sea transgressions formed a series of four sand barriers parallel to the coast that progressively increased the availability of coastal areas after the regressions and that may have promoted the geographic structuring of genetic diversity observed today. The recent population expansion for the entire species may be linked with the event of marine regression after the most recent sea transgression at ~5 kya.
Data from: Evolution of Dendrocolaptes platyrostris (Aves: Furnariidae) between the South American open vegetation corridor and the Atlantic forest
The open vegetation corridor of South America is a region dominated by savanna biomes. It contains forests, i.e. riverine forests, that may act as corridors for rainforest specialist between the open vegetation corridor and its neighboring biomes, the Amazonian and Atlantic forests. A prediction for this scenario is that populations of rainforest specialists in the open vegetation corridor and in the forested biomes show no significant genetic divergence. We addressed this hypothesis by studying plumage and genetic variation of the Planalto woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes platyrostris Spix (1824) (Aves: Furnariidae), a forest specialist that occurs in both the open habitat and in the Atlantic forest. Our questions are: (1) is there any evidence of genetic continuity between populations of the open habitat and the Atlantic forest? and (2) is plumage variation congruent with patterns of neutral genetic structure or with ecological factors related to habitat type? We used cytochrome b and mtDNA control region sequences to show that D. platyrostris is monophyletic and that presents substantial intraspecific differentiation. We found two areas of plumage stability: one associated to Cerrado and the other associated to southern Atlantic Forest. Multiple Mantel tests showed that most of the plumage variation followed transition of habitats but not phylogeographic gaps, suggesting that selection may be related to the evolution of the species plumage. Results were not compatible with the idea that forest specialist in the open vegetation corridor and in the Atlantic forest are linked at the population level because birds from each region were not part of the same genetic unit. Divergence in the presence of gene flow across the ecotone between both regions might explain our results. Also, our findings indicate that the southern Atlantic forest may have been significantly affected by Pleistocene climatic alteration, but that those events did not cause local extinction of most taxa, as occurred in other regions of the globe where forests were significantly affected by global glaciations. Finally, our results neither supported subspecies nor regions of stability of plumage as species.
Data from: Co-declining mammal-dung beetle faunas throughout the Atlantic Forest biome of South America
The millennial-scale evolutionary relationships between mammals and dung beetles have been eroded due to several drivers of contemporary biodiversity loss. Although some evidence of co-decline has been shown for mammals and dung beetles at some Neotropical sites, a biome-scale analysis for the entire Atlantic Forest of South America would strengthen our understanding of how relictual sets of mammal species can affect dung beetle co-occurrences and co-declines. We therefore collated hundreds of assemblages of both dung beetles and medium- to large-bodied mammals throughout the world's longest tropical forest latitudinal gradient to examine to what extent mammal assemblages may exert a positive influence on dung beetle species composition and functional assembly, and whether this relationship is scale dependent. We also collated several climatic and other environmental variables to examine the degree to which they shape mammal-dung beetle relationships. The relationships between local mammal and dung beetle faunas were examined using regression models, variation partitioning, dissimilarity indices, and ecological networks. We found a clear positive relationship between mammal and dung beetle species richness across this forest biome, indicating an ongoing process of mammal-dung beetle niche-mediated co-decline. We found a strong relationship between the species composition of both taxa, in which dung beetle species dissimilarity apparently track changes in mammalian dissimilarity, typically in 80% of all cases. Co-variables such as phytomass and climatic variables also influenced mammal-dung beetle patterns of co-decline along the Atlantic Forest. We conclude that dung beetle diversity and community assembly are shaped by the remaining co-occurring mammal assemblages and their functional traits, and both groups were governed by environmental features. We emphasize that ecosystem-wide effects of mammal population declines remain poorly understood both quantitatively and qualitatively, and curbing large vertebrate defaunation will ensure the persistence of co-dependent species.
Data from: Traits that allow bats of tropical lowland origin to conquer mountains: bat assemblages along elevational gradients in the South American Atlantic Forest
Aim: This study aims to contribute to the identification of ecological determinants of tropical moist forest montane biodiversity, analyzing changes in the structure of bat assemblages along an elevational gradient and testing the role of species traits shaping those assemblages. Location: Mountain ranges in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Methods: We compiled a dataset with the composition of phyllostomid bat assemblages at 32 forested sites, ranging from 60m to 1960m a.s.l. We quantified how abundance and diversity changed along this elevational gradient, and assessed the capacity of each species to be present and abundant at each elevation, identifying traits that may influence that capacity. Results: Abundance and species diversity declined markedly with increasing elevation. Tolerance to low temperatures, low habitat specialization, and cave roosting facilitated success at higher elevations. Owing to trait filtering, and to changes in resource availability with elevation, assemblages were progressively dominated by a smaller number of mostly generalist species as elevation increased. Higher elevations harbor only a subset of the species that are present in the lowland forest, with no mountain specialized species. Main conclusions: High mountains harbor phyllostomid assemblages that are impoverished subsets of those at lower elevations. Phyllostomids have a tropical origin and may thus have a low potential to adapt to montane forest environments, which possibly explains the observed climatic trait filtering. Habitat filtering is also important, keeping forest specialists mostly at lowest elevations. Protected areas in the Atlantic Forest are mostly limited to mountains. While these areas are clearly important to protect biodiversity, including phyllostomid assemblages, it is now critical to protect and restore the few remnants of lower elevation Atlantic Forest where higher productivity and resource levels, increased complexity of vertical structure, and fewer climatic constraints favor the success of a wider range of phyllostomid bat species of tropical origin.
FIGURE 3 in First record of the family Coralliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the western South Atlantic, with a description of Corallium medea Bayer, 1964
FIGURE 3. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): sclerites: A, doubleclubs of coenenchymal surface; B, radiates of inner coenenchyme; C, radiates of tentacles; D, pharyngeal rods. Scale bar = 30 m.
FIGURE 4 in First record of the family Coralliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the western South Atlantic, with a description of Corallium medea Bayer, 1964
FIGURE 4. Distribution of Corallium medea. Arrows in smaller map indicate known records; small arrow in larger map shows location of South Atlantic record.
FIGURE 1 in First record of the family Coralliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the western South Atlantic, with a description of Corallium medea Bayer, 1964
FIGURE 1. Corallium medea (MNRJ 4265): A, fragment, scale bar = 1 cm; B, branches showing distribution of polyp mounds, scale bar = 2 cm.
FIGURE 3. A in New records of octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the south western Atlantic Ocean, with zoogeographic considerations
FIGURE 3. A. Thouarella koellikeri Wright & Studer, 1889, dry sample, MACN 15257. B. Primnoella biserialis Wright & Studer, 1889, dry sample, MACN 22872. C. Primnoella compressa Kükenthal, 1980, dry sample, MACN 16608.
FIGURE 1 in New records of octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the south western Atlantic Ocean, with zoogeographic considerations
FIGURE 1. Geographical distribution of the studied species of octocorals in the Subantarctic Region. Alcyonium paessleri; Alcyonium haddoni; ˖ Primnoella biserialis; Primnoella compressa; ★ Dasystenella acanthina; Thouarella koellikeri.
FIGURE 2. A. Alcyonium paessleri May, 1899 in New records of octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from the south western Atlantic Ocean, with zoogeographic considerations
FIGURE 2. A. Alcyonium paessleri May, 1899, alcohol sample, MACN 18635. B. Alcyonium haddoni Wright & Studer, 1889, alcohol sample, MACN 15666.
FIGURE 1 in Pseudrotasfer microincubator gen. et spec. nov., a brooding cucumariid holothurian (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) from the Burdwood Bank (south-western Atlantic Ocean)
FIGURE 1. Agassiz trawl samples taken at the Burdwood Bank in the course of the LAMPOS expedition (FS "Polarstern", ANT XIX/5), containing Pseudrotasfer microincubator spec. nov.
FIGURE 2. Pseudrotasfer microincubator spec. nov. A–B in Pseudrotasfer microincubator gen. et spec. nov., a brooding cucumariid holothurian (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida) from the Burdwood Bank (south-western Atlantic Ocean)
FIGURE 2. Pseudrotasfer microincubator spec. nov. A–B. Holotype (ZSM 20070012). A. Lateral view (arrowhead: anus). B. Ventral view. C. Calcareous ring plates (mvrp: midventral radial plate, lvip: left ventral interradial plate) of a paratype (ZSM 20070013). D. Potential spermatozeugmata consisting of various bunch-like bundled spermatozoa (h: heads of spermatozoa, t: bundled tails) (ZSM 20070013). E–J. Ossicles. E. Plates of tentacles (ZSM 20070011). F. Large perforated plates of deeper layer of body wall (ZSM 20070011). G–H. Wheel-like baskets of upper layer of body wall (ZSM 20070011). I. Plates of deeper layer of terminal tube foot region (ZSM 20070011). J. Terminal plate of a tube foot (ZSM 20070013).
FIGURE 1 in Crosniera wennerae, a new species of thalassinidean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thomassiniidae) from the South Atlantic Bight
FIGURE 1. Crosniera wennerae sp. nov., female holotype, USNM 174403, TL 20 mm: A, lateral view of carapace; B, lateral view of abdomen showing segments 1–6; C, dorsal view of anterior carapace; D, antenna 1; E, major chela (right); F, gastric mill; G, minor chela (left); H, pereopod 3 with enlargement of propodus tip.
FIGURE 4 in Crosniera wennerae, a new species of thalassinidean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thomassiniidae) from the South Atlantic Bight
FIGURE 4. The distributions of the known species of Crosniera Kensley and Heard (including species 1 and 2 of Poore (1997).
FIGURE 3 in Crosniera wennerae, a new species of thalassinidean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thomassiniidae) from the South Atlantic Bight
FIGURE 3. Crosniera wennerae sp. nov., female holotype, USNM 174403, TL 20 mm: branchial structures. A, single arthrobranch (third thoracomere); B, reduced podobranch (sixth thoracomere); C, two arthrobranchs (seventh thoracomere); D, epipod with detail of hooked setae at tip (sixth thoracomere); E, reduced epipod (seventh thoracomere).
FIGURE 2 in Crosniera wennerae, a new species of thalassinidean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Thomassiniidae) from the South Atlantic Bight
FIGURE 2. Crosniera wennerae sp. nov., female holotype, USNM 174403, TL 20 mm: A, maxilla 1; B, maxilla 2; C, maxilliped 1; D, enlargement of endopod of maxilliped 3; E, maxilliped 3; F, maxilliped 2; G, sixth abdominal segment with telson and uropods with enlargement of setation of exopod; H, right mandible; I, left mandible (palp missing); J, pleopod 1; K, pleopod 5 (exopod missing).
FIGURE 1 in First record of the genus Pseudomesochra T. Scott (Harpacticoida: Pseudotachidiidae) in the South Atlantic with description of a deepsea species: Pseudomesochra longiseta sp. nov. *
FIGURE 1. Pseudomesochra longiseta sp. nov., holotype female from Sergipe, Brazil. Habitus, lateral and dorsal sides.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.