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269 results for “THaWS”
Dataset for: Phosphorus mobilization from intact soil monoliths flooded under simulated summer versus spring snowmelt with intermittent freeze-thaw conditions
<p>Enhanced phosphorus (P) release from flooded, anaerobic soils have been extensively studied under summer temperatures, but not under cold temperatures with intermittent freeze-thaw events. We investigated the temperature and freeze/ thaw effects during flooding on the release of P to floodwater from soil monoliths (15-cm depth) collected from eight agricultural fields in Manitoba. Soil monoliths were flooded with reverse osmosis water and incubated for 56 d under simulated summer flooding (SSF, 22±1 ℃), or snowmelt flooding with intermittent freeze thaw (IFT, 4±1 ℃ with intermittent freezing) in triplicates. Redox potential (Eh), pore water and floodwater dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations, pH and concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn were determined weekly. In seven soils, Eh decreased rapidly with days after flooding (DAF) under SSF to values < 200 mV, but not under IFT. Pore water and floodwater DRP concentrations significantly increased with DAF in all soils under SSF, and in seven soils under IFT. While DRP concentrations were consistently greater under SSF than IFT in four soils, other soils had similar concentrations at certain DAFs. Significant relationships between ion concentrations and redox status , that fitted both IFT and SSF data in most soils, suggests that similar redox-driven mechanisms are responsible for the P release; however, less P is released under IFT than SSF, since soils were not severely reduced under IFT. Substantial P release in a few soils under IFT, appeared to be unrelated to redox status, suggesting other P release mechanisms that are not redox driven.</p>
Transient Freeze-Thaw Responses to the 2018 and 2019 Fires near Batagaika Megaslump, Northeast Siberia
<p>This repository contains the dataset for the Transient Freeze-Thaw Responses to the 2018 and 2019 Fires near Batagaika Megaslump, Northeast Siberia. All files are formatted as CSV. </p> <p>TD_Burn14_site1.csv contains thaw depth data at the site1 in the 2014 fire scar. </p> <p>TD_Burn14_site2.csv contains thaw depth data at the site2 in the 2014 fire scar.</p> <p>TD_Burn18.csv contains thaw depth data in the 2018 fire scar.</p> <p>TD_Unburn-Burn19.csv contains thaw depth data along the transect across the 2019 fire scar and unburned control site.</p> <p>TD_Unburn18.csv contains thaw depth data in the unburned control site for the 2018 fire scar.</p> <p>Temperature_TidbiT_190924-210916.csv contains hourly air and surface temperature data from 24 September 2019 to 16 September 2016. All data were taken by the TidbiT logger. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Rate of permafrost thaw and associated plant community dynamics in peatlands of northwestern Canada
<p>This dataset was collected to document the changing plant community, and associated environmental factors, as warming climate conditions accelerate permafrost thaw in northern peatland environments. Due to the insulative properties of dry, surface peat layers, discontinuous permafrost is preferentially found in peatlands, termed peat plateaux, where the volumetric expansion of ice-rich permafrost has resulted in a raised, dry ground surface dominated by lichens and, often, stunted black spruce forests. As ground temperatures warm, and the ice-rich permafrost thaws, the ground surface sinks to, or below, the water table, and these peat plateau environments change dramatically from black spruce and lichen-dominated peat plateaux to treeless moss- and sedge-dominated collapse scar environments. Data are from a set of 17 sites distributed along a latitudinal gradient in the Mackenzie Valley of Northwestern Canada. At each site, a transect of five to nine contiguous 1x1m quadrats was sampled, spanning the transition from peat plateau to collapse scar environments and, thus, capturing the zone of active permafrost thaw within peat plateaux as they transition to collapse scars. Fourteen of these sites were sampled at two time periods: 2007 and 2008 (T1: time 1), and 2017 and 2018 (T2: time 2) enabling an assessment of 10-year changes (9 years for one site). This dataset includes quadrat-level measurements of plant community composition (percent cover by species), frost depth, water table depth, peat depth, soil moisture, and canopy cover. Site level measurements consist of maximum peat depth, along with pH and electrical conductivity of collapse scar water samples, as well as the annual rate of lateral permafrost thaw. We also include basic site location parameters, as well as several climatic parameters, interpolated for each site using BioSIM software.</p>
Impact of Freeze-thaw Cycles on Coatings Applied to the Surface of Alkali-activated Materials
<p><span>This paper focuses on the possibility of applying selected types of coatings (synthetic and epoxy) on the surface of alkali-activated materials based on finely ground granulated blast furnace slag with an admixture of cement by-pass dust and silica fly ash. Admixtures represent 30% of the binder component (15% fly ash, 15% cement by-pass dust). The mixture is activated with anhydrous disodium metasilicate. The samples were categorized into two series samples stored in water and samples wrapped in foil. Following this, the surface of these two series was modified by two methods, namely brushing with a steel brush and roughening with a diamond wheel. The properties related to the adhesion of the coating to the surface were mainly investigated before and after 100 freeze-thaw cycles. The cross-cut method and pull-off test for adhesion determined the adhesion. The cross-cut test found that the synthetic coating was less susceptible to surface modification than the epoxy coating. The samples were exposed to 100 freeze-thaw cycles. Then, the cross-cut method was applied to the coated roughened surface and the results of this test were classified into category 3. During the determination of the adhesion of the coatings by the pull-off test on the roughened surface for both methods of sample storage, the character of breakage for the synthetic coating was of the cohesive type, thus it was the tensile strength of the materials, while for the epoxy coating, it was the adhesive breakage, thus it was the adhesion between the surface and the coating.</span></p>
Carbon Dioxide and Methane Flux Meta Analysis, Schaerer et al: Permafrost microbes unleashed: thaw reactors provide timely insights into greenhouse gas feedbacks for climate stewardship
<p>Meta-analysis results and workflow: <strong>Meta-Analysis-Report-V1.pdf</strong> </p> <p>raw data tables for input into meta-analysis:</p> <p><strong>co2_flux_by_layer_temp.csv</strong></p> <p><strong>co2_flux_by_layer_time.csv</strong></p> <p><strong>ch4_flux_by_layer_temp.csv</strong></p> <p><strong>ch4_flux_by_layer_time.csv</strong></p> <p><strong>co2_flux_by_headspace_temp.csv</strong></p> <p>(Data included in these tables was digitized using the R package metaDigitize)</p> <p>****</p> <p>We also attempted to summarize the raw data from 12 studies which is summarized in the <strong><em>Flux_Summary_Report </em></strong>document. we converted all units into mg C / g Soil * d (calculations are included in the <strong><em>co2_meta_analysis</em></strong> spreadsheet). For studies not reporting raw data or data tables (7/12 studies), we estimated the values from the figures manually. This typically resulted in an estimate of the mean flux of several replicates (all studies had 3-10 replicates). We filled in metadata as well as we could based on the information available in the papers, although there were many gaps. This information is summarized in the <strong><em>flux_data_compilation</em> </strong>spreadsheet.</p> <p>Studies in the raw data comparison include: Mackelprang 2011, Waldrop 2010 & 2021, Barbato 2022, Dang 2022, Muller 2018, Monteaux 2020, Dutta 2006, Lee 2012, O'Donnell 2009, Roy Chowdhury 2014, Trubl 2021.</p>
Fig. 1. Fresh pejerrey spermatozoa stained with eosin. H in Ultrastructure of fresh and post thawed sperm of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Atheriniformes)
Fig. 1. Fresh pejerrey spermatozoa stained with eosin. H: Head; MP: Midpiece; F: Flagellum.
Data set for the article "One-time freeze-thawing or carbon input events have long-term legacies in soil microbial communities"
<p>The following are data and code used for statistical analysis and figure plotting in the manuscript</p> <p>Gorka et al. (2023) "One-time freeze-thawing or carbon input events have long-term legacies in soil microbial communities", Geoderma, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116399">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116399</a></p> <p>It contains the following files:</p> <ol> <li>Microbial PLFA and NLFA analysis files (contained in <em>Fatty_acid_analysis.zip</em>) <ul> <li>PLFA and NLFA abundance data, in nmol C g<sup>-1</sup> dw (in <em>fatty_acid_data.csv</em>)</li> <li>Taxonomic specificities of fatty acids, needed for R-script to run (in <em>phylum.csv</em>)</li> <li>An R Script reproducing the statistical analysis, figure plotting and output for tables, as used in the manuscript (<em>Fatty_acid_analysis.R</em>)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Soil C and N stoichiometry analysis files (contained in <em>TOC_TN_analysis.zip</em>) <ul> <li>Dissolved organic C (DOC), total dissolved N (TN), and C and N in microbial biomass (Cmic, Nmic) abundance data, in mg g<sup>-1</sup> dw (in <em>toc_tn_data.csv</em>)</li> <li>An R Script reproducing the statistical analysis, figure plotting and output for tables, as used in the manuscript (<em>TOC_TN_analysis.R</em>)</li> </ul> </li> </ol>
Retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) inventory in central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (northwest of Beiluhe basin)
<p>A new retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) inventory in central Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) were generated based on visual interpretation of nine satellite images (WV-2, Google Earth image, Ziyuan-3, Gaofen-2, Gaofen-1) and field investigations. A total 459 RTSs were confirmed with an accumulative area of 1199.49 ha (in time slice of 2018-2020). To reduce the uncertainty in identifying the RTS boundaries, all of the images were spatially corrected based on a reference image, which was obtained on 29 December 2015. The RTS inventory published by Luo et al., (2022) and Xia et al., (2022) were refered when we conduct visual interpretation. Note: the RTSs were distingusihed into active RTSs (TYPE=Y) and non-active RTSs (TYPE=N). Those RTSs were neither active nor non-active RTSs when their area increase vary from 0 to 0.01 ha or less than 0 (TYPE=T). The field named "area_ha", "perime_km" are the area and perimeter of the RTSs in the attribute tables of shapefiles. The units of area and perimeters are hectare (ha) and kilometer (km), respectively. The field named "type" indicates the status of RTSs. The "Y" and "N" are means the RTS is belongs to active RTS and non-active, respectively.</p>
Dataset for the Figure 2 in manuscript "Numerical study of coupled water and vapour flow, heat transfer, and solute transport in variably-saturated deformable soil during freeze-thaw cycles"
<p>This dataset includes the gathered experimental measurements of a freezing test by Wu (2017) for the model's verification shown in Figure 2 of the manuscript entitled 'Numerical study of coupled water and vapour flow, heat transfer, and solute transport in variably-saturated deformable soil during freeze-thaw cycles'' by Huang, X., and Rudolph, D.L.</p>
Permafrost thaw causes large carbon loss in boreal peatlands while changes to peat quality are limited
<p>Rapid, ongoing permafrost thaw of peatlands in the discontinuous permafrost zone is exposing a globally significant store of soil carbon (C) to microbial processes. Mineralisation and release of this peat C to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases is a potentially important feedback to climate change. Here we investigated the effects of permafrost thaw on peat C at a peatland complex in western Canada. We collected 15 complete peat cores (between 2.7 abd 4.5 m deep) along four chronosequences, from elevated permafrost plateaus to saturated thermokarst bogs that thawed up to 600 years ago. The peat cores were analysed for peat C storage and peat quality, as indicated by decomposition proxies (FTIR and C/N ratios) and potential decomposability using a 200-day aerobic incubation. Our results suggest net C loss following thaw, with average total peat C stocks decreasing by ~19.3 +/- 7.2 kg C m<sup>-2</sup> over <600 years (~13% loss). Average post-thaw accumulation of new peat at the surface over the same period was ~13.1 +/- 2.5 kg C m<sup>-2</sup>. We estimate ~19% (+/- 5.8%) of deep peat (>40 cm below surface) C is lost following thaw (average 26 +/- 7.9 kg C m<sup>-2</sup> over <600 years). Our FTIR analysis shows peat below the thaw transition in thermokarst bogs is slightly more decomposed than peat of a similar type and age in permafrost plateaus, but we found no significant changes to the quality or lability of deeper peat across the chronosequences. Our incubation results also showed no increase in C mineralisation of deep peat across the chronosequences. While these limited changes in peat quality in deeper peat following permafrost thaw highlight uncertainty in the exact mechanisms and processes for C loss, our analysis of peat C stocks shows large C losses following permafrost thaw in peatlands in western Canada.</p>
Dataset for Permafrost Thaw across the Tibetan Plateau
<p>This datasets include four directories, which are respectively:</p> <p>1. Historical Ta and P</p> <p>This directory includes the bias-corrected daily air temperature and precipitation data during 1980-2019 used as the input data for historical simulation. ERA5 reanalysis dataset is selected as the background field and quality-controlled observations at 97 meteorological stations within and surrounding the Tibetan Plateau have been used for bias correction.</p> <p>2. Permafrost Distribution</p> <p> The simulated historical permafrost distribution in 1980 and 2019, and the projected permafrost distribution in 2060 and 2100 respectively under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 in the Tibetan Plateau.</p> <p> 0: area without permafrost;</p> <p> 1: area underlain by permafrost without talik;</p> <p> 2: area underlain by permafrost with talik;</p> <p>3. Permafrost Table Depth</p> <p> The simulated spatial distribution of permafrost table depth in 1980 and 2019, and the projected spatial distribution of permafrost table depth in 2060 and 2100 respectively under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 in the Tibetan Plateau. For the area underlain by permafrost without talik, the permafrost table depth is equivalent to active layer thickness. The scope of near-surface permafrost is defined as the regions where permafrost table depth is less than 3 m, that is, permafrost exists in the top 3 m soil layer. (unit: m)</p> <p>4. TP Sub-region Scope</p> <p>A shape file for the scope of the 10 sub-regions in the Tibetan Plateau.</p>
Data set for model validation in "Simulating ice segregation and thaw consolidation in permafrost environments with the CryoGrid community model"
<p>This upload contains the data set for model validation in the manuscript "Simulating ice segregation and thaw consolidation in permafrost environments with the CryoGrid community model".</p>
Permafrost thaw causes large carbon loss in boreal peatlands while changes to peat quality are limited
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Microsite conditions in retrogressive thaw slumps may facilitate increased seedling recruitment in the Alaskan Low Arctic
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Dataset for: Phosphorus mobilization from intact soil monoliths flooded under simulated summer versus spring snowmelt with intermittent freeze-thaw conditions
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Data from: Rate of permafrost thaw and associated plant community dynamics in peatlands of northwestern Canada
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Data from: Soils from cold and snowy temperate deciduous forests release more nitrogen and phosphorus after soil freeze–thaw cycles than soils from warmer, snow-poor conditions
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Data from: Decoupled responses of soil bacteria and their invertebrate consumer to warming, but not freeze-thaw cycles, in the Antarctic Dry Valleys
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Repeated freeze-thaw cycles increase extractable, but not total, carbon and nitrogen in a Maine coniferous soil
This dataset contains processed data for the publication Patel et al. 2021. "Repeated freeze-thaw cycles increase extractable, but not total, carbon and nitrogen in a Maine coniferous soil". Geoderma. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115353. Northeastern North America has been experiencing warmer winters with reduced snow accumulation, with more frequent winter freeze-thaw cycles. We conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate how increased frequency of freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) would alter soil C and N availability. Organic (O) and mineral (B) horizon soils were collected from a coniferous forest in Maine, processed to exclude roots, and then frozen in the laboratory (-10 °C) with one (FTC-1), two (FTC-2), or six (FTC-6) thaw periods (+5 °C). Soils were analyzed for extractable ammonium (NH4-N), water extractable organic carbon (WEOC), carbon dioxide flux (respiration), and total C and N. Extractable NH4-N increased following FTC (all levels), for both horizons. While WEOC concentrations did not change for FTC vs. control, the WEOC in O horizons had a lower SUVA254 in FTC soils compared to control, indicating a stronger microbial influence (i.e., microbial cell lysis) in these soils after FTC. Respiration in O horizon soils decreased post-incubation and did not differ between FTC and Control soils. In the B horizon, however, FTC soils showed greater respiration than Control soils, suggesting that the newly available nutrients may have stimulated microbial activity. In contrast to these results, total C and N remained unaltered by FTC, presumably because the FTC disturbances represented mostly a translocation of C and N from one pool into another, and losses due to respiration were too small to significantly influence the large TC and TN pools. The effect of FTC on NH4-N did not change with FTC frequency, suggesting that a single FTC is sufficient to alter both C and N availability and/or quality, and that additional FTC may not have a significant further
Data used in "Evaluation of topography and vegetation coverage impacts on watershed-scale active layer freeze-thaw processes with a simple algorithm in permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau"
<p>This is the data used in the manuscript "Evaluation of topography and vegetation coverage impacts on watershed-scale active layer freeze-thaw processes with a simple algorithm in permafrost region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau" (JGR earth surface 2020JF005564 ).</p>
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