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730 results for “Trout”
Data from: Personality determines population-level effects of microplastics consumption in a modelled population of stream-dwelling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values for lake trout from 6 different Arctic lakes near Toolik, Arctic LTER 1987 to 1988.
Lake trout were analysed for carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values in 6 Arctic lakes near Toolik Lake at the Arctic LTER in 1987 and 1988. The fish were also analysed for age using otoliths.
Testing for population differences in evolutionary responses to pesticide pollution in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
<p>Pesticides are often toxic to non-target organisms, especially to those living in rivers that drain agricultural land. The brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) is a keystone species in many such rivers, and natural populations have hence been chronically exposed to pesticides over multiple generations. The introduction of pesticides decades ago could have induced evolutionary responses within these populations. Such a response would be predicted to reduce the toxicity over time but also deplete any additive genetic variance for the tolerance to the pesticides. If so, populations are now expected to differ in their susceptibility and in the variance for the tolerance depending on the pesticides they have been exposed to. We sampled breeders from seven natural populations that differ in their habitats and that show significant genetic differentiation. We stripped them for their gametes and produced 118 families by <i>in vitro</i> fertilization. We then raised 20 embryos per family singly in experimentally controlled conditions and exposed them to one of two ecologically relevant concentrations of either the herbicide S-metolachlor or the insecticide diazinon. Both pesticides affected embryo and larval development at all concentrations. We found no statistically significant additive genetic variance for tolerance to these stressors within or between populations. Tolerance to the pesticides could also not be linked to variation in carotenoid content of the eggs. However, pesticide tolerance was linked to egg size, with smaller eggs being more tolerant to the pesticides than larger eggs. We conclude that an evolutionary response to these pesticides is currently unlikely, and that (i) continuous selection in the past has either depleted genetic variance in all the populations we studied, or (ii) that exposure to the pesticides never induced an evolutionary response. The observed toxicity selects against large eggs that are typically spawned by larger and older females.</p>
Data from: Limited hatchery introgression into wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations despite reoccurring stocking
Due to increased anthropogenic pressures on many fish populations, supplementing wild populations with captive-raised individuals has become an increasingly common management practice. Stocking programs can be controversial due to uncertainty about the long-term fitness effects of genetic introgression on wild populations. In particular, introgression between hatchery and wild individuals can cause declines in wild population fitness, resiliency, and adaptive potential, and contribute to local population extirpation. However, low survival and fitness of captive-raised individuals can minimize the long-term genetic consequences of stocking in wild populations, and to date the prevalence of introgression in actively stocked ecosystems has not been rigorously evaluated. We quantified the extent of introgression in 30 populations of wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a Pennsylvania watershed, and examined the correlation between introgression and 11 environmental covariates. Genetic assignment tests were used to determine the origin (wild vs. captive-raised) for 1742 wild-caught and 300 hatchery brook trout. To avoid assignment biases, individuals were assigned to two simulated populations that represented the average allele frequencies in wild and hatchery groups. Fish with intermediate probabilities of wild ancestry were classified as introgressed, with threshold values determined through simulation. Even with reoccurring stocking at most sites, over 93% of wild-caught individuals probabilistically assigned to wild origin, and only 6% of wild-caught fish assigned to introgressed. Models examining environmental drivers of introgression explained less than 3% of the among-population variability, and all estimated effects were highly uncertain. This was not surprising given overall low introgression observed in this study. Our results suggest that introgression of hatchery-derived genotypes can occur at low rates, even in actively stocked ecosystems and across a range of habitats. However, a cautious approach to stocking may still be warranted, as the potential effects of stocking on wild population fitness and the mechanisms limiting introgression are not known.
Data from: Population genomic analysis of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in Pennsylvania's Appalachian region
Informed conservation of stream fishes requires detailed understanding of the effects of both natural processes and anthropogenic activities on genetic diversity. Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, a salmonid native to eastern North America, typically resides in cold, high-quality stream ecosystems. The species has not only faced historical anthropogenic pressures, but also confronts current and future pressures. In a genetic analysis we used a reduced representation sequencing method (ddRADseq) to characterize 63 individuals from 23 streams where Brook Trout are native in the Appalachian region of Pennsylvania. A total of 2,590 loci passed filtering criteria, and 53% displayed significant association with a major stream drainage basin (Susquehanna or Allegheny; mean FST = 0.085). Mapping of the sequencing reads to the Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar genome revealed no clustering of high interdrainage FST values to specific genome regions. Evidence for genetic heterogeneity within each drainage basin was also detected. Stepwise regression of observed heterozygosity against geographic and environmental features revealed that drainage basin and effective area of watersheds were significant predictors of observed heterozygosity of Brook Trout within streams. Natural features such as waterfalls and major drainage basin, as well as the effects of dams and acid-mine drainage have fragmented habitat and shaped genetic diversity within Brook Trout populations in the Appalachian region of Pennsylvania, overall indicating the vulnerability of this species to increased industrialization.
Multiple decades of stocking has resulted in limited hatchery introgression in wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations of Nova Scotia
<p>Many populations of freshwater fishes are threatened with losses, and increasingly, the release of hatchery individuals is one strategy being implemented to support wild populations. However, stocking of hatchery individuals may pose long-term threats to wild populations, particularly if genetic interactions occur between wild and hatchery individuals. One highly prized sport fish that has been heavily stocked throughout its range is the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). In Nova Scotia, Canada, hatchery brook trout have been stocked since the early 1900s, and despite continued stocking efforts, populations have suffered declines in recent decades. Before this study, the genetic structure of brook trout populations in the province was unknown; however, given the potential negative consequences associated with hatchery stocking, it is possible that hatchery programs have adversely affected the genetic integrity of wild populations. To assess the influence of hatchery supplementation on wild populations, we genotyped wild brook trout from 12 river systems and hatchery brook trout from two major hatcheries using 100 microsatellite loci. Genetic analyses of wild trout revealed extensive population genetic structure among and within river systems and significant isolation-by-distance. Hatchery stocks were genetically distinct from wild populations, and most populations showed limited to no evidence of hatchery introgression (<5% hatchery ancestry). Only a single location had a substantial number of hatchery-derived trout and was located in the only river where a local strain is used for supplementation. The amount of hatchery stocking within a watershed did not influence the level of hatchery introgression. Neutral genetic structure of wild populations was influenced by geography with some influence of climate and stocking indices. Overall, our study suggests that long-term stocking has not significantly affected the genetic integrity of wild trout populations, highlighting the variable outcomes of stocking and the need to evaluate the consequences on a case-by-case basis</p>
Trout and invertebrate assemblages in stream pools through wildfire and drought
<p>Climate change is increasing the frequency, severity, and extent of wildfires and drought in many parts of the world, with numerous repercussions for the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of streams. Yet information on how these perturbations affect top predators and their impacts on lower trophic levels in streams is limited.</p> <p>The top aquatic predator in southern California streams is native <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, the endangered southern California steelhead trout (trout). To examine relationships among the distribution of trout, environmental factors, and stream invertebrate resources and assemblages, we sampled pools in 25 stream reaches that differed in the presence (9 reaches) or absence (16 reaches) of trout over 12 years, including 8 reaches where trout were extirpated during the study period by drought or post-fire flood disturbances.</p> <p>Trout were present in deep pools with high water and habitat quality. Invertebrate communities in trout pools were dominated by a variety of medium-sized collector-gatherer and shredder invertebrate taxa with non-seasonal life cycles, whereas tadpoles and large, predatory invertebrates (Odonata, Coleoptera, Hemiptera (OCH)), often with atmospheric breather traits, were more abundant in troutless than trout pools.</p> <p>Structural equation modeling (SEM) of the algal-based food web indicated a trophic cascade from trout to predatory invertebrates to collector-gatherer taxa and weaker direct negative trout effects on grazers; however, both grazers and collector-gatherers also were positively related to macroalgal biomass. SEM also suggested that bottom-up interactions and abiotic factors drove the detritus-based food web, with shredder abundance being positively related to leaf litter (CPOM) levels, which, in turn, were positively related to canopy cover and negatively related to flow. When compared to the literature, these results emphasize the context dependency of trout effects on prey communities and the relative importance of top-down versus bottom-up interactions on food webs, contingent on environmental conditions (flow, light, nutrients, disturbances) and the abundances and traits of component taxa.</p> <p>Invertebrate assemblage structure changed from a trout to a troutless configuration within a year or two after trout were lost owing to post-fire scouring flows or drought. Increases in OCH abundance after trout were lost were much more variable after drought than after fire. The reappearance of trout in one stream where they were lost resulted in quick, severe reductions in OCH abundance.</p> <p>These results indicate that climate-change induced disturbances can result in the extirpation of a top predator, with cascading repercussions for stream communities and food webs. This study also emphasizes the importance of preserving or restoring refuge habitats, such as deep, shaded, perennial, cool stream pools with high habitat and water quality, to prevent the extirpation of sensitive species and preserve native biodiversity during a time of climate change. </p>
Data from: Genetic consequences of improved river connectivity in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
<p>Fragmentation of watercourses poses a significant threat to biodiversity, particularly for migratory fish species. Mitigation measures such as fishways, have been increasingly implemented to restore river connectivity and support fish migration. The effects of such restoration efforts are typically tested using telemetry and fisheries methods, which do not fully capture the broader population movements that may have important consequences for population viability. We performed a before-and-after control-impact (BACI) study using genetic tools (SNPs) to investigate the effect of a newly implemented fishway, aiming to enhance upstream spawning migration of brown trout (<em>Salmo trutta</em> Linnaeus) in a reservoir with two headwater tributaries fragmented by man-made weirs. Another reservoir with two barrier-free tributaries was also analysed as a control. Our results showed that the isolated brown trout population was spawning in the reservoir before the installation of the fishway, and we found genetic structuring and differentiation between fragmented headwater tributaries before the fishway construction, but not in the control reservoir. Unexpectedly, after the fishway construction we observed signals consistent with increased genetic differentiation between populations of newly recruited juvenile fish in the reservoir tributary and fish in the reservoir. We propose this was caused by newly enabled philopatric behaviour of brown trout to their natal spawning tributary. In contrast, we did not find any genetic changes in the tributary without a fishway or in the barrier-free reservoir system. Given the scarcity of similar studies, we advocate for an increased use of genetic analyses in BACI studies to monitor and evaluate the effect of efforts to restore habitat connectivity and inform future management strategies.</p>
Data for: Climate warming and projected loss of thermal habitat volume in lake populations of brook trout
<p>We applied an ensemble of climate warming models and the seasonal temperature profile model for lakes (STM) to assess changes in brook trout thermal habitat volume (THV) among lakes (N=100) within a large, protected area under two climate warming scenarios, RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Brook trout thermal habitat was defined as 9-17°C. Climate warming projections for the balance of this century, regardless of RCP category, will result in the loss of brook trout habitat in lakes that range widely in size. THV loss will be most extensive in lakes that are relatively shallow given their surface area. By 2071-2100 under RCP 4.5, the 90<sup>th</sup> percentile of THV loss = 31% vs. 63% under RCP 8.5. By the century's end under RCP 8.5, the protected area landscape will be a matrix of lakes with some serving as climate refugia (with reduced THV) and others having severe reductions in THV (>90<sup>th</sup> percentile THV loss).</p>
Whole-genome resequencing confirms reproductive isolation between sympatric demes of brown trout (Salmo trutta) detected with allozymes
<p>The sympatric existence of genetically distinct populations of the same species remains a puzzle in ecology. Coexisting salmonid fish populations are known from over 100 freshwater lakes. Most studies of sympatric populations have used limited numbers of genetic markers making it unclear if genetic divergence involves only certain parts of the genome. We return to the first reported case of salmonid sympatry, initially detected through contrasting homozygosity at a single allozyme locus (coding for lactate dehydrogenase A) in brown trout in the small Lakes Bunnersjöarna, Sweden. First, we verify the existence of the two coexisting demes using a 96-SNP fluidigm array. We then apply whole-genome resequencing of pooled DNA to explore genome-wide diversity within and between these demes; nucleotide diversity is higher in Deme I than in Deme II. Furthermore, strong genetic divergence is observed with genome-wide <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub>≈0.2. Comparing with similar data from other lakes, this divergence is of similar magnitude as that between reproductively isolated populations. Individual whole-genome resequencing of two individuals per deme suggests higher inbreeding in Deme II vs. Deme I, indicating different degree of isolation. Finally, we located two gene-copies for LDH-A<i> </i>and find divergence between demes in a regulatory section of one of these genes. However, we did not find a perfect fit between the sequence data and previous allozyme results, and this will require further research. Our data demonstrates genome-wide divergence governed mostly by genetic drift but also by diversifying selection in coexisting populations. This type of hidden biodiversity needs consideration in conservation management.</p>
Sensor data collected at the Preore trout farm in Italy
<p>This dataset includes data collected from a land-based trout farm in Preore, Italy. Included are temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, salinity collected at the farm. Further sample measurements of fish size are included. More details on the data can be found in the <a href="https://www.unive.it/pag/fileadmin/user_upload/progetti_ricerca/gain/documenti/GAIN_D11_Report_on_instrumentation_of_GAIN_pilot_sites.pdf">Report on instrumentation of site</a></p>
Among-individual diet variation within a lake trout ecotype: Lack of stability of niche use
<p>In a polymorphic species, predictable differences in resource use are expected among ecotypes, and homogeneity in resource use is expected within an ecotype. Yet, using a broad resource spectrum has been identified as a strategy for fishes living in unproductive northern environments, where food is patchily distributed and ephemeral.<span> We investigated whether specialization of trophic resources by individuals occurred within the generalist piscivore ecotype of lake trout from Great Bear Lake, Canada, reflective of a form of diversity</span>. Four distinct dietary patterns of resource use within this lake trout ecotype were detected from fatty acid composition, with some variation linked to spatial patterns within Great Bear Lake. Feeding habits of different groups within the ecotype were not associated with detectable morphological or genetic differentiation, suggesting that behavioral plasticity caused the <span>trophic differences</span>. A low level of genetic differentiation was detected between exceptionally large-sized individuals and other piscivore individuals. We demonstrated <span>that individual trophic specialization can occur within an ecotype inhabiting </span>a geologically young system (8,000–10,000 yr BP), a lake that sustains high levels of phenotypic diversity of lake trout overall.<span> The characterization of niche use among individuals, as done in this study, is necessary to understand the role that individual variation can play at the beginning of differentiation processes.</span></p>
Archived data for: Balancing selection, genetic drift, and human mediated-introgression interplay to shape MHC (functional) diversity in Mediterranean brown trout
<p>The extraordinary polymorphism of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes is considered a paradigm of pathogen-mediated balancing selection, although empirical evidence is still scarce. Furthermore, the relative contribution of balancing selection to shape MHC population structure and diversity, compared to that of neutral forces, as well as its interaction with other evolutionary processes such as hybridization, remains largely unclear. To investigate these issues, we analysed adaptive (MHC-DAB gene) and neutral (11 microsatellite loci) variation in 156 brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta </i>complex) from six wild populations in central Italy exposed to introgression from domestic hatchery lineages (assessed with the LDH gene). MHC diversity and structuring correlated with those at microsatellites, indicating the substantial role of neutral forces. However, individuals carrying locally rare MHC alleles/supertypes (regardless of the zygosity status and degree of sequence dissimilarity of MHC) were in better body condition (a proxy of individual fitness/parasite load), hence supporting balancing selection under rare allele advantage, but not heterozygote advantage or divergent allele advantage. The association between specific MHC supertypes and body condition confirmed in part this finding. Across populations, MHC allelic richness increased with increasing admixture between native and domestic lineages, indicating introgression as a source of MHC variation. Furthermore, introgression across populations appeared more pronounced for MHC than microsatellites, possibly because initially-rare MHC variants are expected to introgress more readily under rare allele advantage. Providing evidence for the complex interplay among neutral evolutionary forces, balancing selection and human-mediated introgression in shaping the pattern of MHC (functional) variation, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolution of MHC genes in wild populations exposed to anthropogenic disturbance.</p>
Brook trout occupancy in the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone, Ontario
<p>The Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry compiled brook trout presence and absence data for rivers and streams within the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone of Ontario. Data from hundreds of electrofished sites were grouped into two time periods, past (1970-1980) and recent (2000-2010), to quantify the change in brook trout occupancy in streams of the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone in Ontario at different spatial scales. The data include information for five spatial scales: 1) tertiary watersheds; 2) quaternary watersheds; 3) the well-sampled Credit River-Sixteen Mile Creek tertiary watershed; and, 4) sites within 50 m of each other were sampled in both the past (1970-1980) and recent (2000-2010) periods, and 5) at each spatial scale brook trout occupancy along the longitudinal axes of the rivers was assessed using Strahler stream order. This data set will be cited in a manuscript that quantifies the declines in brook trout occupancy in rivers and streams of southern Ontario.</p>
Microsatellite data for Bull Trout
<p>Freshwater ecosystems are negatively impacted by a variety of anthropogenic stressors, with concomitant elevated rates of population decline for freshwater aquatic vertebrates. Because reductions in population size and extent can negatively impact genetic diversity and gene flow, which are vital for sustained local adaptation, it is important to measure these characteristics in threatened species that may yet be rescued from extinction. Across its native range, Bull Trout (<em>Salvelinus confluentus</em>) extent and abundance are in decline due to historic overharvest, invasive nonnative species, and habitat loss. In Alberta's Eastern Slope region, populations at the range margin have progressively been lost, motivating us to better understand the amount and distribution of genetic variation in headwater habitats and some downstream sites where they continue to persist. Across this region, we sampled 431 Bull Trout from 20 sites in the Athabasca and Saskatchewan River basins and assayed 10 microsatellite loci to characterize within- and among-population genetic variation. The Saskatchewan and Athabasca River basins contained similar levels of heterozygosity but were differentiated from one another. Within the Athabasca River basin, five genetically differentiated clusters were found. Despite the evidence for genetic differentiation, we did not observe significant isolation-by-distance patterns among these sites. Our findings of ample genetic diversity and no evidence for hybridization with non-native Brook Trout in headwater habitats provide motivation to ameliorate downstream habitats and remove anthropogenic barriers to connectivity towards the goal of long-term persistence of this species.</p>
Fish carcass deposition to suppress invasive lake trout through hypoxia causes limited, non-target effects on benthic invertebrates in Yellowstone Lake
<p class="MsoNormal">Invasive species can have negative effects on native biodiversity and ecosystem function, and suppression is often required to minimize the effects. However, management actions to suppress invasive species may cause negative, unintended effects on non-target taxa. Across the USA, lake trout (<em>Salvelinus namaycush</em>) are invasive in many freshwater ecosystems, reducing native fish abundance and diversity through predation and competition. In an integrated pest management approach, lake trout embryos in Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming are suppressed by depositing lake trout carcasses onto spawning sites; the carcasses reduce dissolved oxygen concentrations as they decay, causing embryo mortality. We conducted a field experiment during one ice-free season at four sites in Yellowstone Lake to investigate the non-target effects of carcass treatment on benthic invertebrates, which could have consequences for native fish diets. While overall invertebrate density and biomass did not respond to carcass treatment, Chironomidae midges and Sphaeriidae fingernail clams decreased in abundance. Carcass treatment altered invertebrate community structure based on density, but not biomass. Carcass treatment to suppress invasive fish embryos has spatially localized, non-target effects on some benthic invertebrate taxa. Given the small spatial extent of carcass treatment within the lake, we conclude it is unlikely that carcass treatment will alter food availability for native fishes.</p>
Supplementary information for: Redundancy analysis, genome-wide association studies, and the pigmentation of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
<p><span>The association of molecular variants to phenotypic variation is a main issue in biology, often tackled with genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GWAS are challenging, with increasing, but still limited use in evolutionary biology. We used redundancy analysis (RDA) as a complimentary ordination approach to single- and multi-trait GWAS to explore the molecular basis of pigmentation variation in brown trout (<em>Salmo</em> <em>trutta</em>) belonging to wild populations impacted by hatchery fish. Based on 75,684 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers, RDA, single- and multi-trait GWAS allowed us to extract 337 independent "colour patterning loci" (CPLs) associated with trout pigmentation traits, such as the number of red and black spots on flanks. Collectively, these CPLs (<em>i</em>) mapped onto 35 out of 40 brown trout linkage groups indicating a polygenic genomic architecture of pigmentation, (<em>ii</em>) were found associated with</span><span> 218 </span><span>candidate genes, including 197 genes </span><span>formerly mentioned in the literature dealing with skin pigmentation, skin patterning, differentiation or structure notably in a close relative, the rainbow trout (<em>Onchorhynchus</em> <em>mykiss</em>)</span><span>, and (<em>iii</em>) related to functions relevant to pigmentation variation (e.g., calcium- and ion-binding, cell adhesion). Annotated CPLs include genes with well-known pigmentation effects (e.g., PMEL, SLC45A2, SOX10), but also markers associated with genes formerly found expressed in rainbow or brown trout skins. RDA was also shown useful to investigate management issues, especially the dynamics of trout pigmentation submitted to several generations of hatchery introgression.</span></p>
Fig 1 in Tail and fin rot disease and antibiotics resistance pattern in major rainbow trout farms of Nepal
Fig 1: Survey and Sample Collection site
Genotypic data from: Lab-based evaluation of the reproductive performance of trojan (MYY) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
<p>Evaluating the efficacy of the use of trojan male brook trout with two Y chromosomes (M<sub>YY</sub>) requires a better understanding of reproductive performance. We measured the reproductive performance of hatchery age-0 and age-1 M<sub>YY</sub> brook trout compared to hatchery XY males using laboratory crosses. Offspring of XY males had higher survival than offspring of age-1 M<sub>YY</sub> one day post-fertilization but not offspring of age-0 M<sub>YY</sub>. We found no detectable differences in survival from eyed-egg to the juvenile-fry stage. However, size-at-age differed, where offspring of age-0 M<sub>YY</sub> were 3.6% smaller in length and 25.2% smaller in weight than those of XY males. For crosses fertilized by both M<sub>YY</sub> and XY males, we found that a significantly higher proportion of offspring within families were sired by M<sub>YY </sub>versus XY males. These results show, under controlled conditions, evidence for possible fitness advantage for M<sub>YY</sub> under sperm competition, but a possible fitness disadvantage associated with early growth of their offspring. Overall, our results hold promise for the use of M<sub>YY</sub> brook trout to serve as an effective eradication tool. </p>
Supplementary data from: A genetic assessment of natural barriers for isolating a proposed Greenback cutthroat trout reintroduction area
<p>We used genetic techniques to evaluate a series of natural waterfalls for their potential to serve as barriers to prevent nonnative salmonids from entering a proposed reintroduction area for federally threatened Greenback cutthroat trout <em>Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias</em>. Genetic samples were collected from nonnative Brook Trout <em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em> at 11 sampling reaches above and below natural waterfalls (height: ~1-3 m under baseflow conditions) along a 33-km segment of Colorado's upper Cache la Poudre River near the outflow of the proposed reintroduction area. To evaluate whether upstream movement of Brook Trout is restricted by any of these waterfalls, we characterized longitudinal trends in genetic diversity along the river corridor and examined patterns of genetic differentiation and population structure in relation to waterfall locations using a panel of microsatellites. We found no evidence that the waterfalls served as complete movement barriers for nonnative Brook Trout based on genetic clustering analyses, estimates of population differentiation, and longitudinal genetic patterns. Our multi-locus assessment did not identify alleles restricted to downstream reaches, and the river segment was genetically homogenized. This evaluation suggests that the existing waterfalls do not fully prevent upstream movement by nonnative Brook Trout, and thus barrier modification would be needed to establish an isolated Greenback cutthroat trout population in the proposed wilderness area.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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