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Distribution. Disjunct in South Africa in Cape Fold Belt Mts in Western Cape and isolated populations in S Free State and Eastern Cape N of 33° S. in Muridae

Distribution. Disjunct in South Africa in Cape Fold Belt Mts in Western Cape and isolated populations in S Free State and Eastern Cape N of 33° S.

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Subspecies and Distribution. G.p.paebaA.Smith,1836—SAngola,Namibia,Botswana,WZimbabwe,andWSouthAfrica. G.p.coombsiRoberts,1929—SMozambique,extremeSEZimbabwe,andNESouthAfrica. G.p.exilisShortridge&Carter,1938—SWEasternCapeProvince,SouthAfrica. G.p.infernusLundholm,1955—SWAngolaandNWNamibia. G. p. mulleri Roberts, 1946 — Cape Flats, Western Cape Province, South Africa. in Muridae

Subspecies and Distribution. G.p.paebaA.Smith,1836—SAngola,Namibia,Botswana,WZimbabwe,andWSouthAfrica. G.p.coombsiRoberts,1929—SMozambique,extremeSEZimbabwe,andNESouthAfrica. G.p.exilisShortridge&Carter,1938—SWEasternCapeProvince,SouthAfrica. G.p.infernusLundholm,1955—SWAngolaandNWNamibia. G. p. mulleri Roberts, 1946 — Cape Flats, Western Cape Province, South Africa.

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Figure 1 in Swarms of the hyperiid amphipod Themisto gaudichaudii along the False Bay (Western Cape, South Africa) coastline

Figure 1. Tornado shaped swarms of Themisto guadichaudii. Footage supplied by Riaan de Villiers of Pisces Divers. The footage can be viewed at: https://fb.watch/b4Ykmm9mck/.

FIG. 3 in Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., a new aquatic dryopid beetle from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Dryopidae)

FIG. 3. Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov. A) head, posterolateral view; B) compound eye – arrow indicates inter-ommatidial seta; C) detail of dorsolateral sculpture of head, inside compound eye; D) antennae; E) antennomeres 1–2; F) antennomeres 3–10.

FIG. 6 in Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., a new aquatic dryopid beetle from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Dryopidae)

FIG. 6. Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov. A) prothorax, dorsal view; B) close-up of sculpture of pronotal disc; C) Meso and metanotum, with scutellum; D) right elytron, dorsolateral view; E) detail of right elytral apex; F) prothorax, ventral view.

FIG. 4 in Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., a new aquatic dryopid beetle from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Dryopidae)

FIG. 4. Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov. A) labrum, dorsal view; B) right mandible, ventral view; C) right maxilla, dorsal view; D) close-up of maxillary palp apex; E) female labrum and mentum, ventral view; F) male labrum and mentum, anteroventral view.

FIG. 2 in Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., a new aquatic dryopid beetle from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Dryopidae)

FIG. 2. South African endemic dryopid genera, dorsolateral view of pronotal margins. A) Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype male; B) Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., paratype female; C) Rapnus sp., female; D) Strina sp., female. C) & D) South Africa, Western Cape, Franschoek, Mont Rochelle. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIG. 10 in Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., a new aquatic dryopid beetle from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Dryopidae)

FIG. 10. Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov. A) ovipositor, lateral view; B) ovipositor apex, lateral view (not to scale); C) female sternite 8. Scale bar (A & C) = 0.5 mm.

FIG. 5 in Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., a new aquatic dryopid beetle from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Dryopidae)

FIG. 5. Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov. A) right mandible, ventrolateral view – teeth numbered as in text; B) left mandible, ventral view – pt = prostheca, Lf = lateral flange. Scale bar = 100 μm.

FIG. 9 in Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., a new aquatic dryopid beetle from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Dryopidae)

FIG. 9. Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov. A) aedeagus, ventrolateral view; B) aedeagus, lateral view; C) male sternite 9; D) aedeagal apex, ventral view (not to scale); E) male tergite 8; F) male sternite 8. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIG. 7 in Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., a new aquatic dryopid beetle from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Dryopidae)

FIG. 7. Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov. A) meso and metaventrites, ventral view; B) male abdomen, ventral view; C) female abdomen, ventral view; D) close-up of plastron vestiture at junction of abdominal ventrites 2–3; E) male abdominal apex; F) female abdominal apex.

FIG. 11 in Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., a new aquatic dryopid beetle from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Dryopidae)

FIG. 11. Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov. Type locality, South Africa, Western Cape, Cederberg, Matjies Rivier, Matjiesrivier, 32°31'07.42"S 19°21'00.4"E, 725 m. Photo D T Bilton.

FIG. 8 in Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov., a new aquatic dryopid beetle from the Western Cape of South Africa (Coleoptera: Dryopoidea: Dryopidae)

FIG. 8. Rhithrops capensis gen. et sp. nov. A) male foreleg, ventral view; B) male foretarsus and tibial apex, ventral view; C) male hind tibia and tarsus, ventral view; D) aedeagus, ventral view; E) aedeagus, lateral view; F) aedeagal apex, ventral view.

Figure 35 in Spiders of the mungaich group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus), with one new species from Cape Arid

Figure 35. Sequential (1-9), but not consecutive, frames from a video recording of a male (♂#110) Maratus sarahae as it displayed to a female ('fan dance'). In each frame, arrows indicate prior movement that led to each observed position. 1, Pedipalps lowered. 2-3, Pedipalps raised and fan rotated to the (spider's) right. 4, Pedipalps lowered and fan rotated to the left. 5, Left pedipalp lowered, fan rotated to the left, and left leg III rotated to the left. 6, Right pedipalp lowered, fan rotated to the right, and left leg III flexed. 7, Left leg III extended. 8, Pedipalps lowered, fan rotated to the left, and left leg III rotated to the left. 9, Pedipalps lowered, fan rotated to the left, and left leg III rotated to the right. This species typically combined rapid pedipalp, fan, and leg movements while displaying in place as shown here.

Figure 37 in Spiders of the mungaich group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus), with one new species from Cape Arid

Figure 37. Comparison of an adult male Maratus sarahae from Bluff Knoll with an adult male M. mungaich from Mt. Dale. The larger M. sarahae is much heavier bodied, with prominent fringes of long white setae under legs III.

Figure 30 in Spiders of the mungaich group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus), with one new species from Cape Arid

Figure 30. Left pedipalp of a male (♂#5) Maratus sarahae. 1-2, Lateral views. 3, Drawing of lateral view. 4, Drawing of ventral view. 5, Medial view. 6-8, Ventral views.

Figure 29 in Spiders of the mungaich group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus), with one new species from Cape Arid

Figure 29. Dorsal and ventral views of a male (♂#5) Maratus sarahae. 1, Dorsal view of living spider. 2, Dorsal view of specimen, in preservative. 3, Ventral view of living spider. 4, Ventral view of specimen in preservative. Note the change of colouration of the normally blue-green iridescent fan scales when submerged in an aqueous solution. The many long white setae that cover the legs of this spider are also much less apparent when preserved. The carapace, with a marginal white band, is mostly dark and glabrous, with some dark brown to red brown scales. The generally grey colour of the cuticle of the living spider also differs from the yellowish colouration of the preserved specimen.

Figure 25 in Spiders of the mungaich group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus), with one new species from Cape Arid

Figure 25. Dorsal opisthosoma of a male M. sarahae (♂#5), with fan extended (1) and retracted or folded around the lateral margins (2). Numbers 1-12 identify features that are compared with corresponding features of M. mungaich in Table 2. As in M. mungaich, the fan of M. sarahae is very wide.

Figure 26 in Spiders of the mungaich group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus), with one new species from Cape Arid

Figure 26. Expanded fan of six different male M. sarahae, showing variation in the general pattern. Pigmented red to redorange scales comprise distinct figures on a background of iridescent scales. Although there are individual differences in the colouration of the iridescent scales, this colour also varies greatly as a function of illumination and humidity.

Figure 22 in Spiders of the mungaich group from Western Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryinae: Maratus), with one new species from Cape Arid

Figure 22. Sequential (1-9), but not consecutive, frames from a video recording of a male (♂#4) Maratus mungaich as it displayed to a female ('fan dance'). 1, In position with legs III extended in an arc on one side of a branch. 2, Pedipalps lowered. 3, Pedipalps raised and fan rotated to the (spider's) left. 4, Fan rotated to the right. 5, Fan rotated to the left. 6, Fan rotated to the right. 7, In position after side-stepping to the opposite side of the branch, pedipalps lowered. 8, Pedipalps raised. 9, Fan rotated to the right.