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183 results for “arctic tundra”
Extractable soil cations (K, Ca, Mg, Na) for intertussock O and B horizon soils on moist acidic and non-acidic tundra, Arctic LTER 1997.
Extractable soil cations (K, Ca, Mg, Na) for intertussock O and B horizon soils on moist acidic and non-acidic tundra.
Total soil cations (Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na, P) for intertussock O and B horizon soils on moist acidic and non-acidic tundra, Arctic LTER 1997.
Total soil cations (Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na, P) for intertussock O and B horizon soils on moist acidic and non-acidic tundra.
Daily weather data file for Arctic Tundra LTER site at Toolik Lake, 2003.
Daily weather data file for Arctic Tundra LTER site at Toolik Lake. Included are daily averages and/or maximums and minimums of air, soil and lake temperature, wind speed, vapor pressure, and sum of global radiation and unfrozen precipitation recorded near Toolik Lake.
Data for "Decreasing snow cover alters functional composition and diversity of Arctic tundra"
<p>This page links to the data and code associated with the publication Niittynen et al. (2020) "<strong>Decreasing snow cover alters functional composition and diversity of Arctic tundra</strong>" published in PNAS ( <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001254117">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001254117</a> ). The species data contain cover values of 200 vascular plant species recorded in 1325 study sites in Rastigaisa area in Northern Norway. The trait data includes species level median trait values for the 200 species calculated from records extracted from public databases for seven plant functional traits and community weighted means of these traits calculated for all the 1325 study sites. The environmental data contain six spatially continuous predictors used in the species level models. The data and analyses are described in the linked publication.</p>
Data from: Drivers of contemporary and future changes in Arctic seasonal transition dates for a tundra site in coastal Greenland
<p>Climate change has had a significant impact on the seasonal transition dates of Arctic tundra ecosystems, causing diverse variations between distinct land surface classes. However, the combined effect of multiple controls as well as their individual effects on these dates remains unclear at various scales and across diverse land surface classes. Here we quantified spatiotemporal variations of three seasonal transition dates (start of spring, maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI<sub>max</sub>) day, end of fall) for five dominant land surface classes in the ice-free Greenland and analyzed their drivers for current and future climate scenarios, respectively.</p>
Data from: Effects of resource availability and interspecific interactions on Arctic and red foxes' winter use of ungulate carrion in the Fennoscandian low-Arctic tundra
<p>In the Arctic tundra, predators face recurrent periods of food scarcity and often turn to ungulate carcasses as an alternative food source. As important and localized resource patches, carrion promotes co-occurrence of different individuals, and its use by predators is likely to be affected by interspecific competition. We studied how interspecific competition and resource availability impact winter use of carrion by Arctic and red foxes in low Arctic Fennoscandia. We predicted that presence of red foxes limits Arctic foxes' use of carrion, and that competition depends on the availability of other resources. We monitored Arctic and red fox presence at supplied carrion using camera traps. From 2006 to 2021, between 16 and 20 cameras were active for two months in late winter (288 camera-winters). Using a multi-species dynamic occupancy model at a week-to-week scale, we evaluated use of carrion by foxes while accounting for the presence of competitors, rodent availability and supplemental feeding provided to Arctic foxes. Competition affected carrion use by increasing both species' probability to leave occupied carcasses sites between consecutive weeks. This increase was similar for the two species, suggesting symmetrical avoidance. Increased rodent abundance was associated with a higher probability of colonizing carrion sites for both species. For Arctic foxes, however, this increase was only observed at carcasses unoccupied by red foxes, showing greater avoidance when alternative preys are available. Supplementary feeding increased Arctic foxes' carrion use, regardless of red fox presence. Contrary to expectations, we did not find strong signs of asymmetric competition for carrion in winter, which suggests that interactions for resources at a short time scale are not necessarily aligned with interactions at the scale of the population. In addition, we found that competition for carcasses depends on the availability of other resources, suggesting that interactions between predators depend on the ecological context.</p>
Dataset for a manuscript entitled Variation in CO2 and CH4 Fluxes Among Land Cover Types in Heterogeneous Arctic Tundra in Northeastern Siberia
<p>Dataset for the manuscript Variation in CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> Fluxes Among Land Cover Types in Heterogeneous Arctic Tundra in Northeastern Siberia authored by Sari Juutinen, Mika Aurela, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Viktor Ivakhov, Maiju Linkosalmi, Aleksi Räsänen, Tarmo Virtanen, Juha Mikola, Johanna Nyman, Emmi Vähä, Marina Loskutova, Alexander Makshtas, and Tuomas Laurila</p> <p>Dataset consists of CO2 and CH4 flux data measured mainly using chamber method in arctic tundra</p>
Data from: Declining temperature and increasing moisture sensitivity of shrub growth in the Low-Arctic erect dwarf-shrub tundra of western Greenland
<p>Evergreen dwarf shrubs respond swiftly to warming in the cool and dry High Arctic, but their response in the warmer Low Arctic, where they are expected to be outcompeted by taller species under future warming, remains to be clarified.</p> <p>Here, 12,528 annual growth increments, covering 122 years (1893-2014), were measured of 764 branches from 25 individuals of the evergreen dwarf shrub <em>Cassiope tetragona </em>from a Low-Arctic erect dwarf-shrub tundra site in western Greenland. In addition, branch initiation and mortality frequency time series were developed. The influence of seasonal climate and correspondence with fluctuations in regional normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a satellite proxy for vegetation productivity, were studied.</p> <p>Summer temperatures were the main driver of growth, while winter temperatures were the main non-summer-climate driver. During past and recent warm episodes, shrub growth diverged from summer temperatures. In recent decades, early summer precipitation has become the main growth-limiting factor for some individuals, likely through micro-topography-determined soil moisture availability, and more than half of the shrubs studied became irresponsive to summer temperatures. There was correspondence between climatic drivers, <em>C. tetragona</em> growth and branch initiation frequency, and satellite-observed vegetation productivity, suggesting the area's shrub-dominated tundra vegetation is limited by similar climatic factors. Winter warming events were likely the predominant cause of branch mortality, while branching increased after years of poor growth and cooler-than-average summers.</p> <p><strong>Synthesis</strong>: These findings show that the erect dwarf-shrub tundra in the Low Arctic has already and will likely become decreasingly temperature- and increasingly moisture-limited and that winter warming supports shrub growth, but increased extreme winter warming event frequency may increase branch mortality and vegetation damage. Such counter-acting mechanisms could offer an explanation for the vegetation stability observed over large parts of the Arctic.</p>
Insect herbivory increases from forest to alpine tundra in Arctic mountains
<p>Current theory holds that the intensity of biotic interactions decreases with increases in latitude and elevation; however, empirical data demonstrate great variation in the direction, strength and shape of elevational changes in herbivory. The latitudinal position of mountains may be one important source of this variation, but the acute shortage of data from polar mountains hampers exploration of latitude effects on elevational changes in herbivory. Here, we reduce this knowledge gap by testing the prediction that a decrease in herbivory occurs with increasing elevation from forest to alpine tundra. We examined six elevation gradients located in three Arctic mountain ranges. Across the ten most abundant evergreen and deciduous woody plant species, relative losses of foliage to insect herbivores were 2.2-fold greater at the highest elevations (alpine tundra) than in mid-elevation birch woodlands or low elevation coniferous forests. Plant quality for herbivores (quantified by specific leaf area) significantly decreased with elevation across all studied species, indicating that bottom-up factors were unlikely to shape the observed pattern in herbivory. An experiment with open-top chambers established at different elevations showed that even a slight increase in ambient temperature enhances herbivory in Arctic mountains. Therefore, we suggest that the discovered increase in herbivory with elevation is explained by higher temperatures at the soil surface in open habitats above the treeline compared with forests at lower elevations. This explanation is supported by the significant difference in elevational changes in herbivory between low and tall plants: herbivory on low shrubs increased 4-fold from forest to alpine sites, while herbivory on trees and tall shrubs did not change with elevation. We suggest that an increase in herbivory with an increase in elevation is typical for high-latitude mountains, where inverse temperature gradients, especially at the soil surface, are common. Verification of this hypothesis requires further studies of elevational patterns in herbivory at high latitudes.</p>
Data for: Predator co-occurrence in alpine and Arctic tundra in relation to fluctuating prey
<p>Large carnivores influence ecosystem dynamics in multiple ways, e.g. by suppressing meso-carnivores and providing carrions for smaller scavengers. Loss of large carnivores is suggested to cause meso-carnivore increase and expansion. Moreover, competition between meso-carnivores may be modified by the presence of larger carnivores. In tundra ecosystems, the smallest meso-carnivore, the Arctic fox, has experienced regional declines, whereas its larger and competitively superior congener, the red fox, has increased, potentially due to changes in the abundance of apex predators. We explored if variation in occurrence of wolverine and golden eagle impacted the occurrence and co-occurrence of Arctic fox and red fox in relation to varying abundances of small rodents within the Scandinavian tundra. We applied multi-species occupancy models to an extensive wildlife camera dataset from 2011-2020 covering 98 sites. Daily detection/non-detection of each species per camera trap site and study period (late winter; March-May) was stacked across years and species occupancy was related to small rodent abundance while accounting for time of year and status of simulated carcass. Arctic fox was more likely to co-occur with red fox when wolverine was present, and less likely to co-occur with red fox when golden eagles were present and wolverine absent. Red foxes increased in occupancy when co-occurring with the larger predators. Arctic fox responded more strongly to small rodent abundance than red fox and co-occurred more often with the other species at carcasses when rodent abundance was low. Our findings suggest that the interspecific interactions within this tundra predator guild appear to be surprisingly intricate, driven by facets of fear of predation, interspecific mediation and facilitation, and food resource dynamics. These dynamics of intraguild interactions may dictate where and when conservation actions targeted towards the Arctic fox should be implemented.</p>
Feast to famine: Sympatric predators respond differently to seasonal prey scarcity on the low-Arctic tundra
<p>Resource fluctuation is a major driver of animal movement, influencing strategic choices such as residency vs nomadism, or social dynamics. The Arctic tundra is characterized by strong seasonality: resources are abundant during the short summers but scarce in winters. Therefore, expansion of boreal-forest species onto the tundra raises questions on how they cope with winter-resource scarcity. We examined a recent incursion by red foxes (<em>Vulpes</em> <em>vulpes</em>) onto the coastal tundra of northern Manitoba, an area historically occupied by Arctic foxes (<em>Vulpes</em> <em>lagopus</em>) that lacks access to anthropogenic foods, and compared seasonal shifts in space use of the two species. We used 4 years of telemetry data following 8 red foxes and 11 Arctic foxes to test the hypothesis that the movement tactics of both species are primarily driven by temporal variability of resources. We also predicted that the harsh tundra conditions in winter would drive red foxes to disperse more often and maintain larger home ranges year-round than Arctic foxes, which are adapted to this environment. Dispersal was the most frequent winter movement tactic in both fox species, despite its association with high mortality (winter mortality was 9.4 times higher in dispersers than residents). Red foxes consistently dispersed towards the boreal forest, whereas Arctic foxes primarily used sea ice to disperse. Home range size of red and Arctic foxes did not differ in summer, but resident red foxes substantially increased their home range size in winter, whereas home range size of resident Arctic foxes did not change seasonally. As climate changes, abiotic constraints on some species may relax, but associated declines in prey communities may lead to local extirpation of many predators, notably by favoring dispersal during resource scarcity.</p>
Data for: Rapid shifts in Arctic tundra species’ distributions and inter-specific range overlap under future climate change
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Data from: Effects of resource availability and interspecific interactions on Arctic and red foxes' winter use of ungulate carrion in the Fennoscandian low-Arctic tundra
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Data for: Predator co-occurrence in alpine and Arctic tundra in relation to fluctuating prey
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Insect herbivory increases from forest to alpine tundra in Arctic mountains
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Towards rainy high Arctic winters: how experimental icing and summer warming affect tundra plant phenology, productivity and reproduction
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Data from: Drivers of contemporary and future changes in Arctic seasonal transition dates for a tundra site in coastal Greenland
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Feast to famine: Sympatric predators respond differently to seasonal prey scarcity on the low-Arctic tundra
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Data from: Declining temperature and increasing moisture sensitivity of shrub growth in the Low-Arctic erect dwarf-shrub tundra of western Greenland
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Long-term low-level nutrient additions significantly impact a low arctic mesic tundra plant community, but species responses differ from high-level fertilization: Implications for predicting climate warming impacts
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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