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456 results for “butterfly species”
Figure 26 in Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas
Figure 26. Two species of Epargyreus. a) Possible E. fractigutta sp. n., iNaturalist observation 61025624 USA: Texas, Hidalgo County, Mission area, details "obscured", Sep-2020 © Beverly Pardue, the image is brightened, flipped, and rotated. b–f) The type series of E. fractigutta sp. n. b) holotype, NVG-14111F08 USA: TX, others are paratypes, detailed data in text. c) NVG-17097A09 MX: Chiapas, d) NVG-17097A08 MX: SLP, e) NVG- 17098A07 Panama, f) NVG-19124E11 MX: Veracruz. g–k) Epargyreus cruza. g) holotype [BMNH] © of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum London, others are in USNM. h) NVG-17097A06 Honduras. i) NVG- 16107G11, 09-SRNP-76379 Costa Rica. j) NVG-17097B06 Panama, k) NVG-17097B05 Panama. Gray F indicates that the image is flipped (left-right inverted). Photographs a) and g) are made available under CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
Figure 33 in Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas
Figure 33. Three species of Polygonus, iNaturalist observations. a) P. pardus sp. n. 21129976 USA: TX, Hidalgo Co., Estero Llano Grande State Park, 16-Nov-2018 © Susan Blayney. b) P. punctus 90418403 Guadeloupe: Terrede-Haut, 15-Jun-2021 © ombeline_sculfort. c) P. savigny 40923980 Brazil: Paraná, Curitiba, 8-Mar-2020 © sergiomessias. Some images are color-corrected and/or rotated. CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
Figure 13 in Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas
Figure 13. Genitalia of Telegonus tsongae sp. n. paratype NVG-3422 (data in text) in different views. a) left lateral, b) left posterolateral, c) dorsal, d) ventral.
Figure 29 in Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas
Figure 29. Two species of Aguna, iNaturalist observations. a–b) A. mcguirei sp. n. USA: TX, Hidalgo Co: a) 110235614 Estero Llano Grande State Park, 5-Nov-2014 © Mark + Holly Salvato. b) 123646178 Mission, 1- Nov-2012 © John Rosford. c–d) A. metophis. c) 130511769 Brazil: Minas Gerais, 12-Aug-2022 © Carlos Otávio Gussoni. d) 122340621 Brazil: São Paulo, Rio Claro, 7-Jan-2020 © Carlos Otávio Gussoni. Some images are colorcorrected, rotated, and/or flipped. CC BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
Figure 17 in Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas
Figure 17. Eggs and earlier instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., 2007. a–e) eggs, f) eggshell, g–p) 1st instar, q–z) 2rd instar. d, f, k, m) 3-Nov, a, b, c, l, n, o) 4-Nov, p) 5-Nov, r–s) 6-Nov, e, q, t, v) 7-Nov, g, h, i, j, w, x) 8-Nov, u, y, z) 20-Nov.
Figure 16 in Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas
Figure 16. Shelters of early instar caterpillars of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3-Nov-2007 (except i–j. on 7-Nov). a–e) leaves with feeding damage and abandoned shelters, b, d) an eggshell beneath the leaves, indicated by a yellow arrow and enlarged in b') and d'); e) two shelters on one leaf; f–j) shelters with caterpillars, closed (natural appearance, f, i) and teared-open (for photography, g, h, j); arrows indicate silkpads to fold the shelter (at the base, 1) and to secure it to the leaf (at the tip, 2).
Figure 14 in Thirteen new species of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) from Texas
Figure 14. Caterpillar foodplant and habitat of Telegonus tsongae sp. n., USA: Texas, Starr Co., Roma Creek, 3- Nov-2007. a, b, d) Karwinskia humboldtiana, a) growing in the open, not readily used for oviposition, b) flowers, c) shaded section of an arroyo (destroyed by now), a typical habitat of immature stages, d) enlarged leaves.
Figures 2-10. L in Butterfly surveys in Albania during 2014 including the discovery of two new species for the country
Figures 2-10. L. ottomana from Bënçë, 5 km. S of Tepelenë, Gjirokastër county, Albania. Fig. 2: Ova, 26.V.2014. Fig. 3: L1 larvae on Rumex acetosa, 26.V.2014. Fig. 4-5: Final instar larva, 18-20.VI.2014. Fig. 6: Pupa, 20.VI.2014. Fig. 7: Adult ♂, ex ova, 30.VI.2014. Fig. 8: Adult ♂, ex ova, 05.VII.2014. Figs. 9-10: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 07.VII.2014. (Photographs: Martin Gascoigne-Pees).
Figures 11-20. A in Butterfly surveys in Albania during 2014 including the discovery of two new species for the country
Figures 11-20. A. metis from Lake Shkodër, Albania. Fig. 11: Ova, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 12: L₁ larva, 22.VII.2014. Fig. 13: L₁ larva, 23.VII.2014. Fig. 14: L₂ larva, 26.VII.2014. Fig. 15: Final instar larva, 07.VIII.2014. Fig. 16: Pupa, 16.VIII.2014. Fig.17: Breeding habitat, 16.VII.2014. Fig. 18: Pupa pre-hatching, 22.VIII.2014. Fig. 19-20: Adult ♀♀, ex ova, 23.VIII.2014. (Photographs: Filip Franeta).
Data for: Combining environmental niche models, multi-grain analyses, and species traits identifies pervasive effects of land use on butterfly biodiversity across Italy
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Environmental controls on butterfly occurrence and species richness in Israel: The importance of temperature over rainfall
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Data from: A global database of butterfly species native distributions
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Data from: Shifting balances in the weighting of sensory modalities are predicted by divergence in brain morphology in incipient species of Heliconius butterflies
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Alpine butterflies want to fly high: Species and communities shift upwards faster than their host plants
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Processed data of grasshoppers, butterflies and moths for analyses of species trend models for the regional WWF Living Planet Index for Belgium
<p>This archive contains pre-processed datasets used for the analysis of species occupancy models, the results of which were used in the calculation of multi-species indices as part of the regional WWF Living Planet Index for Belgium.</p> <p>The datasets are csv files (comma separated and . as decimal mark). </p> <p>For each species group (moths, butterflies and grasshoppers), the following files are available:</p> <ul> <li>a species list (files with 'species' in the name)</li> <li>an observations list (files with 'observations' in the name - for butterfly or moth species with two distinct flight periods, also a file with the data for the second generation is available)</li> </ul> <p>For one species, <em>Fabriciana adippe</em>, separate files are available with corrected data.</p> <p>The species list files contain the following variables:</p> <ul> <li>species_id (unique species id)</li> <li>scientific_name (accepted scientific name according to the GBIF taxonomic backbone)</li> <li>species_name_NL (Dutch species name)</li> <li>species_name_FR (French species name)</li> <li>season_start (n-th day of the year that marks the beginning of the first -and possibly only- generation)</li> <li>season_end (n-th day of the year that marks the end of the first -and possibly only- generation)</li> </ul> <p>The observations files contain the following variables:</p> <ul> <li>species_id (a unique identifier)</li> <li>year (year of observation)</li> <li>month (month of observation)</li> <li>day (day of observation)</li> <li>julian_day (n-th day of the year)</li> <li>site_id (unique identifier for the 1 km x 1km EEA 1 km x 1 km reference grid square <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eea-reference-grids-2">https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eea-reference-grids-2</a>)</li> <li>source (name of data provider)</li> <li>count (max number of sightings for the species for that day and site</li> </ul>
Quantifying the effects of species traits on predation risk in nature: a comparative study of butterfly wing damage
<p>1) Evading predators is a fundamental aspect of the ecology and evolution of all prey animals. In studying the influence of prey traits on predation risk, previous researchers have shown that crypsis reduces attack rates on resting prey, predation risk increases with increased prey activity, and rapid locomotion reduces attack rates and increases chances of surviving predator attacks. However, evidence for these conclusions is nearly always based on observations of selected species under artificial conditions. In nature, it remains unclear how defensive traits such as crypsis, activity levels, and speed influence realized predation risk across species in a community. Whereas direct observations of predator-prey interactions in nature are rare, insight can be gained by quantifying bodily damage caused by failed predator attacks. 2) We quantified how butterfly species traits affect predation risk in nature by determining how defensive traits correlate with wing damage caused by failed predation attempts, thereby providing the first robust multi-species comparative analysis of predator-induced bodily damage in wild animals. 3) For 34 species of fruit-feeding butterflies in an African forest, we recorded wing damage and quantified crypsis, activity levels, and flight speed. We then tested for correlations between damage parameters and species traits using comparative methods that account for measurement error. 4) We detected considerable differences in the extent, location, and symmetry of wing surface loss among species, with smaller differences between sexes. We found that males (but not females) of species that flew faster had substantially less wing surface loss. However, we found no correlation between cryptic colouration and symmetrical wing surface loss across species. In species in which males appeared to be more active than females, males had a lower proportion of symmetrical wing surface loss than females. 5) Our results provide evidence that activity greatly influences the probability of attacks and that flying rapidly is effective for escaping pursuing predators in the wild, but we did not find evidence that cryptic species are less likely to be attacked while at rest. 15-Oct-2019</p>
Data from: Cold adaptation across the elevation gradient in an alpine butterfly species complex
<p><span><span>1. Temperature acts as a major factor on the timing of activity and behaviour in butterflies, and it might represent a key driver of butterfly diversification along elevation gradients. Under this hypothesis, local adaptation should be found along the elevation gradient, with butterflies from high elevation populations able to remain active at lower ambient temperature than those from low elevation. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>2. We recorded the warming-up rate and the thoracic temperature at take-off of 123 individuals of the Alpine butterfly species complex <i>Coenonympha arcania - C. macromma - C. gardetta</i> in controlled conditions. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>3. Warming-up rate increased with elevation within <i>C. arcania</i>: high elevation males of <i>C. arcania</i> were able to warm-up more quickly, as compared to low elevation ones.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>4. High elevation <i>C. gardetta</i> had a darker underwing pattern than low elevation ones. This high-elevation species was significantly smaller (lower weight and wing surface) than the two other species, and had a faster warming up rate.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>5. Our results suggest that the ability to warm-up quickly and to take-flight at a high body temperature evolved adaptively in the high-altitude <i>C. gardetta</i>, and that low temperature at high altitude may explain the absence there of <i>C. arcania</i>, while the hybrid nature of <i>C. macromma</i> is probably the explanation of its elevation overlap with both other species, and its local replacement of <i>C. gardetta</i>.</span></span></p>
Phenological responses to climate warming in temperate moths and butterflies: species traits predict future changes in voltinism
Changes in the number of generations per year (voltinism) have been among the most common phenological responses to climate warming in insects inhabiting seasonal environments. Nevertheless, numerous species have maintained univoltine (one generation per year) phenology with increasing temperatures, indicating the involvement of phylogenetic, ecological or some other constraints on phenological change. I examined geographic variation in voltinism in moths and butterflies of Northern Europe to identify species traits that might predispose species to univoltine/multivoltine phenology. I focused on species with a wide latitudinal distribution range (15 degrees as a minimum) which makes it unlikely that constraints imposed by season length could preclude multivoltinism across their distribution. Almost half of the 731 moth and butterfly species considered appear to have a single generation throughout their entire European range. A univoltine life-cycle across a wide latitudinal gradient suggests the presence of some constraint that makes additional generations either impossible or at least strongly disadvantageous, which will unlikely change with future climate warming. The scattered distribution of univoltine and multivoltine species across the lepidopteran phylogeny indicates that phylogenetic constraints are not strongly limiting changes in voltinism, and the trait is open to ecologically-driven adaptive evolution. My data show that species with one generation per year are generally larger than multivoltine species, but size forms no absolute constraint to having multiple generations per year. Obligately univoltine species dominate among egg and adult overwinterers (life-histories typical of so-called spring-feeders), whereas species with capacity for multiple generations prevail among pupal overwinterers. Multivoltinism is also infrequent among species feeding on grasses, particularly in endophagous grass-feeders. Larval diet breadth has no discernible effect on voltinism. Given the diverse ecological consequences of voltinism and its changes, accounting for the species' capacity for multivoltinism may be a key to address future challenges in biodiversity conservation and pest management.
Butterflies show different functional and species diversity in relation to vegetation structure and land-use
<p>Using these data we investigated the relation between vegetation structure, land use and the diversity of species and traits in butterflies for the Netherlands.</p> <p>The research paper, now accepted for publication but not yet online, in the journal "Global Ecology and Biogeography", has the title "Butterflies show different functional and species diversity in relation to vegetation structure and land-use".</p> <p>Please see the methods used to create the dataset in the above mentioned manuscript.</p> <p>A description of the raster layers used in the above mentioned manuscript and available here has been uploaded together with the raster layers.</p>
Wing lengths of three Arctic butterfly species decrease as summers warm in Alaska
<p>Climate warming can cause arthropods to express plastic and/or evolved changes in morphology. Previous studies have demonstrated that body sizes of Arctic butterflies are influenced by the temperatures experienced as larvae. To investigate whether this was occurring among Alaskan butterflies, we analyzed temporal trends in the wing sizes of three Holarctic species, <em>Colias hecla, Boloria chariclea, </em>and<em> Boloria freija</em>, using museum specimens collected in Arctic tundra regions of Alaska between 1971 and 1995. Wing length was compared to accumulated growing degree days (GDD) during both the spring of the year collected and the previous year's summer during the normal period of larval development. We used mixed-effects models to test if spring and summer temperatures affected adult morphology. Results show that for every 1°C increase in average seasonal temperature, wingspans decreased between 0.7 millimeters and 5 millimeters, with <em>B. freija </em>the most strongly affected. Our results suggest that the morphological sensitivity of Arctic butterflies to warming is the outcome of interactions between life-history traits and regional climate, with all species sensitive to warming the summer before the flight year as well as warming the spring of the flight year. <em>Boloria freija</em>, which overwinters as late instar larvae that do not feed before pupation the following spring, was particularly strongly affected by summer warming.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.