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387 results for “climate adaptation”
Data files for: Reproductive and ecological adaptations to climate underpin the evolution of sociality in lizards
<p>This repository contains data files and R code neccessary to reproduce the analyses presented in "Reproductive and ecological adaptations to climate underpin the evolution of sociality in lizards" by Halliwell et al.</p> <p>The .R file calls other files within the repository. The .xlsx contains supplementary information regarding data sources.</p>
CF_D1 Interviews with public authorities about climate adaptation finance
<p><span>The CLIMATEFIT dataset D1 contains data </span><span>collected</span><span> as part of </span><span>WP1’s</span> <span>T</span><span>ask 1.1</span><span>: </span><span>Assess financing barriers and drivers for territories</span><span> (Leader: </span><span>Actierra</span><span>). <span>This dataset contains interview transcripts and summaries of interviews conducted by the facilitators with the 20 territories</span>. The interviews were about challenges and barriers regarding accessing climate adaptation funds and sources.</span></p> <p><span>Data that is already published in WP1’s <a href="https://climatefit-heu.eu/knowledge-center/">Deliverable 1.1: Adaptation Investment Landscape</a>, is not included in this dataset. </span></p> <p><span>More information can be found in the Readme file in this dataset.</span></p>
CF_D2 financial and investment entities viewpoint and maturity about climate adaptation finance
<p><span>The CLIMATEFIT dataset D</span><span>2</span><span> contains data </span><span>collected</span><span> as part of </span><span>WP1’s</span> <span>T</span><span>ask 1.</span><span>2</span><span>: </span><span>Understand financial and investment entities point of view and maturity (M1-M8; Leader: WCF</span><span>).</span></p> <p><span><span>This data set contains no other data than what is available in </span><a href="https://climatefit-heu.eu/knowledge-center/"><span>Deliverable 1.1 Adaptation Investment Landscape</span></a>. These interview transcripts and surveys are not included in this dataset due to sensitivity of information.</span></p>
Local climate adaptation and gene flow in the native range of two co-occurring fruit moths with contrasting invasiveness
<p><span class="fontstyle01"><span>Invasive species pose increasing threats to global biodiversity and ecosystems. While previous studies have characterized successful invaders from ecological traits, characteristics related to evolutionary processes have rarely been investigated. Here we compared gene flow and local adaptation using demographic analyses and outlier tests in two co-occurring moth pests across their common native range of China, one of which (the peach fruit moth, </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>Carposina</i></span></span> <span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>sasakii</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>) has maintained its native distribution, while the other (the oriental fruit moth, </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>Grapholita molesta</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>)</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span> has expanded its range globally during the past century. We found that both species showed a pattern of genetic differentiation and an evolutionary history consistent with a common southwestern origin and northward expansion in their native range. However, for the noninvasive species, genetic differentiation was closely aligned with the environment, and there was a relatively low level of gene flow, whereas in the invasive species, genetic differentiation was associated with geography. Genome scans </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>indicated stronger patterns of climate-associated loci</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span> in the noninvasive species. While s</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>trong local adaptation and reduced gene flow across its native range may have decreased the invasiveness of </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>C. sasakii</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>, this requires further validation with additional comparisons of invasive and non-invasive species across their native range.</span></span></p>
Data from: Annual and perennial Medicago show signatures of parallel adaptation to climate and soil in highly conserved genes
<p class="AbstractSummary">Human induced environmental change may require rapid adaptation of plant populations and crops, but the genomic basis of environmental adaptation remain poorly understood. We analyzed polymorphic loci from the perennial crop <i>Medicago sativa </i>(alfalfa or lucerne) and the annual legume model species <i>M. truncatula </i>to search for a common set of candidate genes that might contribute to adaptation to abiotic stress in both annual and perennial <i>Medicago</i> species.</p> <p class="AbstractSummary">We identified a set of candidate genes of environmental adaptation associated with environmental gradients along the distribution of the two <i>Medicago</i> species. Candidate genes for each species were detected in homologous genomic linkage blocks using genome-environment (GEA) and genome-phenotype association analyses.</p> <p>Hundreds of GEA candidate genes were species-specific, of these, 13.4% (<i>M. sativa</i>) and 24% (<i>M. truncatula</i>) were also significantly associated with phenotypic traits. A set of 168 GEA candidates were shared by both species, which was 25.4% more than expected by chance. When combined, they explained a high proportion of variance for certain phenotypic traits associated with adaptation. Genes with highly conserved functions dominated among the shared candidates and were enriched in Gene Ontology terms that have shown to play a central role in drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms by means of cellular shape modifications and other functions associated with cell homeostasis.</p> <p class="AbstractSummary">Our results point to the existence of a molecular basis of adaptation to abiotic stress in <i>Medicago</i> determined by highly conserved genes and gene functions. We discuss these results in light of the recently proposed omnigenic model of complex traits.</p>
Rapid adaptive evolution to drought in a subset of plant traits in a large-scale climate change experiment
<p>Rapid evolution of traits and of plasticity may enable adaptation to climate change, yet solid experimental evidence under natural conditions is scarce. Here, we imposed rainfall manipulations (+30%, control, -30%) for ten years on entire natural plant communities in two Eastern Mediterranean sites. Additional sites along a natural rainfall gradient and selection analyses in a greenhouse assessed whether potential responses were adaptive. In both sites, our annual target species <i>Biscutella didyma</i> consistently evolved earlier phenology and higher reproductive allocation under drought. Multiple arguments suggest that this response was adaptive: it aligned with theory, corresponding trait shifts along the natural rainfall gradient, and selection analyses under differential watering in the greenhouse. However, another seven candidate traits did not evolve, and there was little support for evolution of plasticity. Our results provide compelling evidence for rapid adaptive evolution under climate change. Yet, several non-evolving traits may indicate potential constraints to full adaptation.</p>
Climate change impacts on ecosystems and adaptation options in nine countries in southern Africa: What do we know?
<p>Dataset used in the systematic review of scientific articles published during the period 2000-2020, which (i) addressed observed and projected impacts of climate change on different species, populations and ecosystems in nine southern African countries, and (ii) formulated management and policy responses aiming to mitigate these impacts.</p>
Data from: Genome-wide analysis reveals associations between climate and regional patterns of adaptive divergence and dispersal in American pikas
<p>Understanding the role of adaptation in species responses to climate change is important for evaluating the evolutionary potential of populations and informing conservation efforts. Population genomics provides a useful approach for identifying putative signatures of selection and the underlying environmental factors or biological processes that may be involved. Here, we employed a population genomic approach within a space-for-time study design to investigate the genetic basis of local adaptation and reconstruct patterns of movement across rapidly changing environments in a thermally-sensitive mammal, the American pika (<i>Ochotona princeps</i>). Using genotypic data at 49,074 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we analyzed patterns of genome-wide diversity, structure, and migration along three independent elevational transects located at the northern extent (Tweedsmuir South Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada) and core (North Cascades National Park, Washington, USA) of the Cascades lineage. We identified 899 robust outlier SNPs within- and among-transects. Of those annotated to genes with known function, many were linked with cellular processes related to climate stress including ATP-binding, ATP citrate synthase activity, ATPase activity, hormone activity, metal ion-binding, and protein-binding. Moreover, we detected evidence for contrasting patterns of directional migration along transects across geographic regions that suggest an increased propensity for American pikas to disperse among lower elevation populations at higher latitudes where environments are generally cooler. Ultimately, our data indicate that fine-scale demographic patterns and adaptive processes may vary among populations of American pikas, providing an important context for evaluating biotic responses to climate change in this species and other alpine-adapted mammals.</p>
Climatic similarity and genomic background shape the extent of parallel adaptation in Timema stick insects
<p>Evolution can repeat itself, resulting in parallel adaptations in independent lineages occupying similar environments. Moreover, parallel evolution sometimes, but not always, uses the same genes. Two main hypotheses have been put forth to explain the probability and extent of parallel evolution. First, parallel evolution is more likely when shared ecologies result in similar patterns of natural selection in different taxa. Second, parallelism is more likely when genomes are similar, because of shared standing variation and similar mutational effects in closely related genomes. Here we combine ecological, genomic, experimental, and phenotypic data with Bayesian modeling and randomization tests to quantify the degree of parallelism and its relationship with ecology and genetics. Our results show that the extent to which genomic regions associated with climate are parallel among species of <em>Timema</em> stick insects is shaped collectively by shared ecology and genomic background. Specifically, the extent of genomic parallelism decays with divergence in climatic conditions (i.e., habitat or ecological similarity) and genomic similarity. Moreover, we find that climate-associated loci are likely subject to selection in a field experiment, overlap with genetic regions associated with cuticular hydrocarbon traits, and are not strongly shaped by introgression between species. Our findings shed light on when evolution is most expected to repeat itself.</p>
Using landscape genomics to delineate future adaptive potential for climate change in the Yosemite Toad (Anaxyrus canorus)
<p>An essential goal in conservation biology is delineating population units that maximize the probability of species persisting into the future and adapting to future environmental change. However, future-facing conservation concerns are often addressed using retrospective patterns that could be irrelevant. We recommend a novel landscape genomics framework for delineating future "Geminate Evolutionary Units" (GEUs) in a focal species: (1) identify loci under environmental selection, (2) model and map adaptive conservation units that may spawn future lineages, (3) forecast relative selection pressures on each future lineage, and (4) estimate their fitness and likelihood of persistence using geo-genomic simulations. Using this process, we delineated conservation units for the Yosemite toad (<em>Anaxyrus</em> <em>canorus</em>), a U.S. federally threatened species that is highly vulnerable to climate change. We used a genome-wide dataset, redundancy analysis, and Bayesian association methods to identify 24 candidate loci responding to climatic selection (R<sup>2</sup> ranging from 0.09–0.52), after controlling for demographic structure. Candidate loci included genes such as MAP3K5, involved in cellular response to environmental change. We then forecasted future genomic response to climate change using the multivariate machine learning algorithm Gradient Forests. Based on all available evidence, we found three GEUs in Yosemite National Park, reflecting contrasting adaptive optima: YF-North (high winter snowpack with moderate summer rainfall), YF-East (low to moderate snowpack with high summer rainfall), and YF-Low-Elevation (low snowpack and rainfall). Simulations under the RCP 8.5 climate change scenario suggest that the species will decline by 29% over 90 years, but the highly diverse YF-East lineage will be least impacted for two reasons: (1) geographically it will be sheltered from the largest climatic selection pressures, (2) its standing genetic diversity will promote a faster adaptive response. Our approach provides a comprehensive strategy for protecting imperiled non-model species with genomic data alone and has wide applicability to other declining species.</p>
Climate-related adaptation of metabolic rate across the distribution of a broadly tolerant invasive forest pest
<p>Metabolic rate is a widely-studied physiological species trait related to energetics, climate, and geographic distributions. Hypotheses have been proposed to explain variation in metabolic rate, but evidence has been mixed due to the limited sampling scope of intraspecific studies. Successful biological invasions offer a unique opportunity to examine the development of intraspecific physiological variation and how it relates to climate, invasive spread, and species range limits. Here we conducted a macro-scale study of routine metabolic rate variation across the Spongy moth (<em>Lymantria dispar</em>) invasive range in North America. We found a positive latitudinal cline with population-specific metabolic rates increasing from the southern range to the north that was significantly related to climate. Our comprehensive macrophysiological analyses provide further evidence that local adaptation of physiological and life history traits to climate has played a significant role in the spread of <em>L. dipsar</em> across the landscape in the past 150 years.</p>
Raw GBIF data used in the article "Climate-induced range shifts drive adaptive response via spatio-temporal sieving of alleles"
<p>This table contains the raw (unfiltered) species occurrence data for Dianthus sylvestris complied from GBIF. A filtered subset of this data was combined with other data sources to define the input for the species distribution models used in the article "Climate-induced range shifts drive adaptive response via spatio-temporal sieving of alleles".</p>
Data for: Local adaptation of switchgrass drives trait relations to yield and differential responses to climate and soil environments
<p>Switchgrass, a potential biofuel crop, is a genetically diverse species with phenotypic plasticity enabling it to grow in a range of environments. Two primary divergent ecotypes, uplands and lowlands, exhibit trait combinations representative of acquisitive and conservative growth allocation strategies, respectively. Whether these ecotypes respond differently to various types of environmental drivers remains unclear but is crucial to understanding how switchgrass varieties will respond to climate change. We grew two upland, two lowland, and two intermediate/hybrid cultivars of switchgrass at three sites along a latitudinal gradient in the central United States. Over a 4-year period, we measured plant functional traits and biomass yields and evaluated genotype-by-environment (G´E) interaction effects by analyzing switchgrass responses to soil and climate variables. We found substantial evidence of G´E interactions on biomass yield, primarily due to deviations in the response of the southern lowland cultivar Alamo, which produced more biomass in hotter and drier environments relative to other cultivars. While lowland cultivars had the highest potential for yield, their yields were more variable year-to-year compared to other cultivars, suggesting greater sensitivity to environmental perturbations. Models comparing soil and climate principal components as explanatory variables revealed soil properties, especially nutrients, to be most effective at predicting switchgrass biomass yield. Also, conservative plant traits such as high stem mass and tiller height became increasingly positively associated with biomass yield at lower latitudes where the climate is hotter and drier, regardless of ecotype. Lowland cultivars, however, showed a greater predisposition to exhibit these conservative traits. These results suggest switchgrass trait allocation trade-offs that prioritize aboveground biomass production are more tightly associated in hot, dry environments and that lowland cultivars may exhibit a more specialist life strategy relative to other cultivars. Altogether, this research provides essential knowledge for improving the viability of switchgrass as a biofuel crop.</p>
Potential adaptability of marine turtles to climate change may be hindered by coastal development in the USA
<p>Marine turtles may respond to projected climatic changes by shifting their nesting range to climatically suitable areas, which may result in either increased exposure to threats or fewer threats. Therefore, there is a need to identify whether the habitat predicted to be climatically suitable for marine turtle nesting in the future will be affected by future threats and hinder marine turtles' ability to adapt. We modelled the geographic distribution of climatically suitable nesting habitat for marine turtles in the USA under future climate scenarios, identified potential range shifts by 2050, determined impacts from sea-level rise, and explored changes in exposure to coastal development as a result of range shifts. Overall nesting ranges of marine turtle species were not predicted to change between the current and future time periods, except for the northern nesting boundaries for loggerhead turtles. However, declines in climatically suitable nesting grounds were predicted; loggerhead turtles will experience the highest decreases (10%) in climatically suitable habitat followed by green (7%) and leatherback (1%) turtles. However, sea-level rise is projected to inundate 78–81% of current habitat predicted to be climatically suitable in the future, depending on species and scenario. Nevertheless, new beaches will also form, and suitable nesting habitat could be gained, with leatherback turtles potentially experiencing the biggest percentage gain in suitable habitat.</p>
The genomics of adaptation to climate in European great tit (Parus major) populations
<p><span>The recognition that climate change is occurring at an unprecedented rate means that there is increased urgency in understanding how organisms can adapt to a changing environment. Wild great tit (<em>Parus</em> <em>major</em>) populations represent an attractive ecological model system to understand the genomics of climate adaptation. They are widely distributed across Eurasia and they have been documented to respond to climate change. We performed a Bayesian genome-environment analysis, by combining local climate data with SNP genotype data from 20 European populations (broadly spanning the species' continental range). We found 36 unique putative climate adaptation genes that were associated with variation in climate. Following an enrichment analysis of biological process Gene Ontology (GO) terms, we identified over-represented terms and pathways among the genes putatively under selection for climate adaptation. Because many different genes and GO terms are associated with climate variables, it seems likely that climate adaptation is polygenic and genetically complex. Our findings also suggest that geographical climate adaptation has been occurring since great tits left their Southern European refugia at the end of the last ice age. Finally, we show that substantial climate-associated genetic variation remains, which will be essential for adaptation to future changes.</span></p>
Historical DNA reveals climate adaptation in an endangered songbird
<p>To cope with climate change, species may shift their distributions or adapt <em>in situ</em> to changing environmental conditions. However, clear examples of genetic changes via adaptation are limited. We explore evolutionary responses to climate change in the endangered southwestern willow flycatcher (<em>Empidonax</em> <em>trailli</em> <em>extimus</em>) through whole-genome comparisons between historical specimens, collected from 1888–1909 near San Diego, CA, and contemporary individuals from across the breeding range. Genomic analyses revealed that introgression into San Diego increased adaptive potential over time and shifted genome-wide population structure towards that of neighboring populations. In contrast, loci linked to climate (dew point temperature and precipitation) shifted away from neighboring populations and in a direction consistent with adaptation to climate change in southern CA. This research highlights the role of admixture in facilitating adaptive shifts through its impact on genome-wide genetic variation and represents one of the few studies to document climate adaptation in a wild population.</p>
MAgPIE model runs csv for plotting: Climate change-driven global land-use system adaptation under CMIP6-based crop model projections
<p>This .zip file contains the data used to create the figures for the paper. It includes .csv files and .nc files for maps. This version includes additional files like the mapping between countries and MAgPIE're economic regions.</p>
Climate change outpaces adaptive potential via hybridization in nesting female Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrows
<p class="MsoNormal">Hybridization and introgression can promote adaptive potential and evolutionary resilience in response to increased pressures of climate change; they can also disrupt local adaptation and lead to outbreeding depression. We investigated female fitness consequences of hybridization in two sister species that are endemic to a threatened tidal marsh ecosystem: Saltmarsh (<em>Ammospiza caudacutus)</em> and Nelson's Sparrows (<em>A. nelsoni</em>). We found increasing nest flooding rates due to rising sea levels are outpacing potential adaptive benefits of hybridization due to very low overall nesting success in both the Nelson's and Saltmarsh Sparrows. In the center of the hybrid zone across two years, we determined the success of 201 nests of 104 pure and admixed Saltmarsh and Nelson's Sparrow females, genotyped using a panel of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) from double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) Sequencing. We evaluated five metrics of female fitness and modeled nesting success in relation to genotypic, environmental, and nesting characteristics. We found differential fitness among Saltmarsh, Nelson's, and hybrid females, such that birds with predominantly Saltmarsh Sparrow alleles had higher reproductive success than birds with predominantly Nelson's Sparrow alleles, and hybrids were intermediate. Fledging success increased with two known tidal marsh nesting adaptations: nest height and nesting synchrony with tidal cycles. We found a positive relationship between hybrid index and fitness in daily nest survival in 2016, but not in 2017, likely due to differing levels of precipitation and nest flooding between years. The strongest and most consistent predictors of daily nest survival were nesting synchrony with lunar tidal flooding cycles and daily maximum tide height. Fitness patterns suggest there may be an adaptive benefit of interspecific geneflow for the Nelson's Sparrow at the detriment of the Saltmarsh Sparrow; however, flooding rates are so high in many years they mask any fitness differences between the species, and all females had poor nesting success, regardless of genetic makeup.</p>
Data from: Climate micro-mobilities as adaptation practice in the Pacific: the case of Samoa
<p>These data are part of a data portal that accompanies the special issue 'Climate change adaptation needs a science of culture,' published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B in 2023. To access the data portal, please visit <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4h4"><strong>10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4h4</strong></a>. This data set provides the summary of translated interviews with 20 participants from the two research sites in the small Pacific island state of Samoa. The field data was collected between June and August 2021.</p>
Data from: Minority-group incubators and majority-group reservoirs for the diffusion of climate change adaptations
<p>These data are part of a data portal that accompanies the special issue 'Climate change adaptation needs a science of culture,' published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B in 2023. To access the data portal, please visit <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4h4"><strong>10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4h4</strong></a>.</p> <p>This repository contains code and supporting documentation for the agent-based model analyzed in our paper, "Minority-group incubators and majority-group reservoirs for climate change adaptation". We performed and analyzed a suite of agent-based models that simulated the spread of an adaptation, i.e., a beneficial behavior, in a population with a minority and majority group, defined by group size and tendency to interact with others from one's own group versus another group (homophily). We ran 1000 trials per parameter setting, where parameters were systematically varied to test different homophily levels in each group, and the effect of whether the minority group, majority group, or both groups start with one member knowing the adaptation. The adaptation either spread from one agent in one or both groups to the rest of the members of both groups in the case of adaptation success, or the adaptation disappeared from the entire population (adaptation failure). We then calculated the success rate across all 1000 trials. We also measured the mean time to either adaptive success or failure.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.