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274 results for “collision”
Data from: Towards a better understanding of avian collisions in wind energy facilities using automatic detection systems
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Online tree-based planning for active spacecraft fault estimation and collision avoidance
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Dataset for subduction initiation during collision-induced subduction transference
<p>Numerical results for 'Subduction initiation during collision-induced subduction transference: Numerical modeling and implications for the Tethyan evolution'.</p>
Data and code for figures: Formation and Collision of Multistability-Enabled Composite Dissipative Kerr Solitons
<p>This dataset contains the data presented in the Figures of the paper <Formation and Collision of Multistability-Enabled Composite Dissipative Kerr Solitons>.</p>
Fractional statistics in anyon collisions
<p>Data for the figures of the manuscript and Supplementary material of the article "Fractional statistics in anyon collisions' by H. Bartolomei et al. Science (2020).</p> <p>The data for each figure is in an individual folder named Fig2, Fig3,... for the manuscript figures and FigS1, FigS2, .. for the supplementary material. Each folder contains the data in separate .txt files for replotting the corresponding figure. In each folder, a .txt file with the same name as the folder contains a brief description of the data and can be used for plotting each figure using matlab.</p>
Data from: Molecular square dancing in CO-CO collisions
<p>Knowledge of rotational energy transfer (RET) involving carbon monoxide (CO) molecules is crucial for the interpretation of astrophysical data. As of now, our nearly perfect understanding of atom-molecule scattering shows that RET usually occurs by only a simple "bump" between partners. To advance molecular dynamics to the next step in complexity, we studied molecule-molecule scattering in great detail for collision between two CO molecules. Using advanced imaging methods and quasi-classical and fully quantum theory, we found that a synchronous movement can occur during CO-CO collisions, whereby a bump is followed by a move similar to a "do-si-do" in square dancing. This resulted in little angular deflection but high RET to both partners, a very unusual combination. The associated conditions suggest that this process can occur in other molecule-molecule systems.</p>
An Anisian peripheral foreland basin in the northern Yangtze Block, implications for the collision between the South and North China Blocks
<p>LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic data for the sandstone samples from the Middle to Upper Triassic successions in the northern Sichuan Basin and Zigui Basin.</p> <p>Four sandstone samples were collected from the lowermost Upper Triassic strata that unconformably overlie the Leikoupo Formation for detrital zircon analysis. The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation is generally considered to mark the transition from a marine platform to a terrestrial basin on the upper Yangtze Block (Meng et al., 2005). In the Guangyuan and Wangcang areas, we collected three sandstone samples from the lower portion of the Xujiahe Formation. At the Ma’antang train station, we collected one sandstone sample from the Ma’antang Formation, which is a transitional deposit from marine to terrestrial environments in front of Longmen Shan.</p> <p>The analysis was conducted with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICPMS) at the Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Analytical methods were described in detail by Cai et al. (2012) and are briefly described here. A total of 362 zircon grains from 4 samples produced data of sufficient precision for geochronological interpretation.</p>
Modeling of Emittance Growth Due to Coulomb Collisions in Plasma-based Accelerators
<p>This dataset contains some supplementary material for the paper titled "Modeling of Emittance Growth Due to Coulomb Collisions in Plasma-based Accelerators" published in the journal of Physics of Plasmas. There are two folders in the compressed file. One includes two input files that are used for the open-source particle-in-cell code WarpX(https://github.com/ECP-WarpX/WarpX/). The other includes the data file, figure files, and the plotting scripts.</p>
Building façade-level correlates of bird-window collisions in a small urban area
<p>Urbanization increasingly exposes birds to multiple sources of direct anthropogenic mortality. Collisions with buildings, and windows in particular, are a top bird mortality source, annually causing 365-988 million fatalities in the United States. Correlates of window collision rates have been studied at the scale of entire buildings and in relation to the surrounding landscape, and most studies have only assessed correlates for all birds combined without considering season- and species-specific risk factors. In Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA, we conducted bird collision surveys at 16 buildings to assess building structural-, vegetation-, and land cover-related collision correlates. Unlike past studies, we focused at the scale of individual building façades, and in addition to considering correlates for total collisions, we assessed correlates for different seasons and separately for eight collision-prone species. Several façade-related features, including proportional glass coverage, façade length, and façade height, were positively associated with total collisions and collisions for most separate seasons and species. Total collisions were also greater at alcove-shaped façades than flat, curved, and portico-shaped façades. We found that collision correlates varied among seasons (e.g., surrounding lawn cover important in summer and fall, but not spring) and among species (e.g., surrounding impervious cover positively and negatively related to collisions of Painted Bunting and American Robin, respectively). Given the importance of glass proportion, collision reduction efforts should continue to focus on minimizing and/or treating glass surfaces on new and existing buildings. Our species and season-specific assessments indicate that management of some collision risk factors may not be equally effective for all seasons and species. Future research, policy, and management that integrates information about collision risk for all bird species and seasons, and at multiple scales from building façades to the surrounding landscape, will be most effective at reducing total mortality from bird-window collisions.</p>
Data supplement for "Phase-field crystal description of active crystallites: Elastic and inelastic collisions"
<p>This dataset contains data related to the publication:</p> <p>Lukas Ophaus and Johannes Kirchner and Svetlana V. Gurevich and Uwe Thiele, "Phase-field crystal description of active crystallites: Elastic and inelastic collisions" Chaos<strong> 30</strong>, 123149 (2020); <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0019426">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0019426</a></p> <p>The set contains (i) all figures in pdf format and (ii) complete data files accompanied by python plot scripts for selected figures.</p> <p> </p>
Collision Avoidance Challenge dataset
<p>The Collision Avoidance Challenge dataset is the official dataset used during the <strong>ESA's Kelvins</strong> <strong>competition for "Collision Avoidance Challenge"</strong>. The dataset is a collection of Conjunction Data Messages (CDMs) received by ESA from 2015 to 2019. The CDMs have been anonymised for distribution. The initial raw data, as well as the labels that were kept private during the competition, are also released.<br> ESA thanks the US Space Surveillance Network for the provision of surveillance data supporting safe operations of ESA’s spacecraft. In addition, we are grateful to the agreement which allows to publicly release the current dataset.</p> <p>The dataset is represented as a table, where each row corresponds to a single CDM, and each CDM contains 103 recorded characteristics/features. There are thus 103 columns, which are described in the competition pages. The dataset is made of several unique collision/close approach events, which are identified in the <code>event_id</code> column. In turn, each collision event is made of several CDMs recorded over time. Therefore, a single collision event can be thought of as a times series of CDMs. From these CDMs, for every collision event, we are interested in predicting the final risk which is computed in the last CDM of the time series (i.e. the risk value in the last row of each collision event).</p> <p>For a detailed description on the challenge and this dataset, visit <a href="https://kelvins.esa.int/collision-avoidance-challenge/data/">kelvins.esa.int/collision-avoidance-challenge/data/</a>.</p> <p>The paper describing the competition setup and result can be found at <a href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.03069.pdf">arxiv.org/pdf/2008.03069.pdf</a>.</p>
Data from: Tectonic collision and uplift of Wallacea triggered the global songbird radiation
Songbirds (oscine passerines) are the most species rich and cosmopolitan bird group, comprising almost half of global avian species diversity. Because of their diversity and ubiquity, songbirds are used extensively in studies of evolutionary ecology, diversification, and ethology. Songbirds originated in Australia, but the evolutionary trajectory from a single species in an isolated continent to worldwide proliferation is poorly understood. Prior research suggested songbird diversification scenarios that are largely uncoupled from Earth history, including extensive diversification of lineages in New Guinea prior to its emergence as a landmass and long-distance dispersal to Africa or Asia when no dispersal corridors existed. However, these results may be flawed because the studies relied on unresolved phylogenetic relationships and a controversial biogeographic time calibration. Here, we combine the first genome-scale DNA sequence data set for songbirds, fossil-based time calibrations, and geologically informed biogeographic reconstructions to provide the first well-supported evolutionary hypothesis for the group. We show that songbird diversification began in the Oligocene, but accelerated in the early Miocene, at approximately half the age of most previous estimates. This burst of diversification occurred after island formation in Wallacea, which provided the first dispersal corridor out of Australia, and resulted in independent waves of songbird expansion through Asia to the rest of the globe. Although New Guinea presently contains high songbird species richness, our data unambiguously falsify the proto-Papuan hypothesis for early songbird diversification and suggest that New Guinea has, instead, served as an "evolutionary refuge" for Australian lineages that have diversified more recently within the island. Our results reconcile songbird evolution with Earth history and link a major radiation of terrestrial biodiversity to early diversification within an isolated Australian continent.
Data from: Harbour seals avoid tidal turbine noise: implications for collision risk
1. Tidal stream energy converters (turbines) are currently being installed in tidally energetic coastal sites. However, there is currently a high level of uncertainty surrounding the potential environmental impacts on marine mammals. This is a key consenting risk to commercial introduction of tidal energy technology. Concerns derive primarily from the potential for injury to marine mammals through collisions with moving components of turbines. To understand the nature of this risk, information on how animals respond to tidal turbines is urgently required. 2. We measured the behaviour of harbour seals in response to acoustic playbacks of simulated tidal turbine sound within a narrow coastal channel subject to strong, tidally induced currents. This was carried out using data from animal-borne GPS tags and shore-based observations, which were analysed to quantify behavioural responses to the turbine sound. 3. Results showed that the playback state (silent control or turbine signal) was not a significant predictor of the overall number of seals sighted within the channel. 4. However, there was a localised impact of the turbine signal; tagged harbour seals exhibited significant spatial avoidance of the sound which resulted in a reduction in the usage by seals of between 11 and 41% at the playback location. The significant decline in usage extended to 500 m from the playback location at which usage decreased by between 1 and 9% during playback. 5. Synthesis and applications: This study provides important information for policy makers looking to assess the potential impacts of tidal turbines and advise on development of the tidal energy industry. Results showing that seals avoid tidal turbine sound suggest that a proportion of seals encountering tidal turbines will exhibit behavioural responses resulting in avoidance of physical injury; in practice, the empirical changes in usage can be used directly as avoidance rates when using collision risk models to predict the effects of tidal turbines on seals. There is now a clear need to measure how marine mammals behave in response to actual operating tidal turbines in the long term to learn whether marine mammals and tidal turbines can co-exist safely at the scales currently envisaged for the industry.
Data from: Aeroecology meets aviation safety: early warning systems in Europe and the Middle East prevent collisions between birds and aircraft
The aerosphere is utilized by billions of birds, moving for different reasons and from short to great distances spanning tens of thousands of kilometres. The aerosphere, however, is also utilized by aviation which leads to increasing conflicts in and around airfields as well as en-route. Collisions between birds and aircraft cost billions of euros annually and, in some cases, result in the loss of human lives. Simultaneously, aviation has diverse negative impacts on wildlife. During avian migration, due to the sheer numbers of birds in the air, the risk of bird strikes becomes particularly acute for low-flying aircraft, especially during military training flights. Over the last few decades, air forces across Europe and the Middle East have been developing solutions that integrate ecological research and aviation policy to reduce mutual negative interactions between birds and aircraft. In this paper we (1) provide a brief overview of the systems currently used in military aviation to monitor bird migration movements in the aerosphere, (2) provide a brief overview of the impact of bird strikes on military low-level operations, and (3) estimate the effectiveness of migration monitoring systems in bird strike avoidance. We compare systems from the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Poland and Israel, which are all areas that Palearctic migrants cross twice a year in huge numbers. We show that the en-route bird strikes have decreased considerably in countries where avoidance systems have been implemented, and that consequently bird strikes are on average 45% less frequent in countries with implemented avoidance systems in place. We conclude by showing the roles of operational weather radar networks, forecast models and international and interdisciplinary collaboration to create safer skies for aviation and birds.
Data from: Linking habitat composition, local population densities and traffic characteristics to spatial patterns of ungulate-train collisions
1. Total length of railways worldwide exceeds 1 million kilometres and recent railway development directly impacts wildlife because of animal-train collisions. Few studies, however, have analysed factors driving ungulate-train collisions. 2. We analysed over 3500 ungulate-train collisions including roe deer, red deer, wild boar, and moose collected in 2012-2015 in Poland. We compared train traffic characteristics (e.g. traffic intensity, speed, rail curvature), land-use and habitat characteristics (e.g. share of forests and build-up areas) and local ungulate population densities at collision sites and random sites distributed along the rail network. 3. Forest coverage generally increased, while urban areas decreased ungulate collision risk. Local density of ungulate species was strongly positively related to the relative collision risk in all four ungulate species, but above certain densities, the risk levelled off for all four species. 4. Train speed and train traffic intensity were positively associated with elevated collision risk in all four species, but the latter in a non-linear manner reached an asymptote at the level of ca. 10 trains per day. Rail curvature also increased probability of collisions with roe deer and red deer and possibly also wild boar. 5. Mortality rate of ungulates on railways in Poland is estimated to be 0.13-0.42% of annual hunting bags of studied species assuming that only one individual is killed at each occasion and ignoring undetected collisions. These values are expected to increase in near future due to increasing train speed in Central European countries. 6. Synthesis and applications. Ungulate-train collisions spots are characterised by surrounding forest, rail curvature, high train speed, and a moderate to high train traffic intensity. To reduce collision risk in a cost-effective way, we suggest to prioritise mitigation actions at sections of the railway characterized by those factors, e.g. by fencing and various warning devices. Due to nonlinear correlation between collision risk and population density, reducing density of ungulates will most likely reduce collision risk only marginally, and only in regions of low population densities where collision risk is relatively low anyway.
Data from: Bird and bat species' global vulnerability to collision mortality at wind farms revealed through a trait-based assessment
Mitigation of anthropogenic climate change involves deployments of renewable energy worldwide, including wind farms, which can pose a significant collision risk to volant animals. Most studies into the collision risk between species and wind turbines, however, have taken place in industrialized countries. Potential effects for many locations and species therefore remain unclear. To redress this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review of recorded collisions between birds and bats and wind turbines within developed countries. We related collision rate to species-level traits and turbine characteristics to quantify the potential vulnerability of 9538 bird and 888 bat species globally. Avian collision rate was affected by migratory strategy, dispersal distance and habitat associations, and bat collision rates were influenced by dispersal distance. For birds and bats, larger turbine capacity (megawatts) increased collision rates; however, deploying a smaller number of large turbines with greater energy output reduced total collision risk per unit energy output, although bat mortality increased again with the largest turbines. Areas with high concentrations of vulnerable species were also identified, including migration corridors. Our results can therefore guide wind farm design and location to reduce the risk of large-scale animal mortality. This is the first quantitative global assessment of the relative collision vulnerability of species groups with wind turbines, providing valuable guidance for minimizing potentially serious negative impacts on biodiversity.
Subducted lithospheric boundary tomographically imaged beneath arc-continent collision in Eastern Indonesia
<p>We use travel-times from a temporary seismic deployment of 30 broadband seismometers and a national catalog of arrival times to construct a finite frequency teleseismic P-wave tomographic model of the upper mantle beneath astern Indonesia, where subduction of the Indo-Australian plate beneath the Banda Arc transitions to arc-continent collision. The change in tectonics is due to a change from oceanic to continental lithosphere in the lower plate as inferred from geologic mapping and geophysical, geochemical, and geodetic measurements. At this inferred transition, we seismically image the subducted continent-ocean boundary at upper mantle depths that links volcanism on Flores to amagmatic orogenesis on Timor. Our tomographic images reveal a relatively high velocity feature within the upper mantle, which we interpret as the subducted Indo-Australian slab. The slab appears continuous yet deformed as a result of the change in buoyancy due to the composition of the incoming continental lithosphere. Accordingly, there is a difference in dip angle between the oceanic and continental sections of the slab albeit not a gap or discontinuity. We suggest the slab has deformed without tearing to accommodate structural and kinematic changes across the continent-ocean boundary as the two sections of the slab diverge. These results suggest that deformation in tectonic collisions can be localized along a continent-ocean boundary, even at depth. We propose that future slab tearing may develop where we observe slab deformation in our study region and that a similar process may take place in collisions generally.</p>
Heavy migration traffic and bad weather are a dangerous combination: Bird collisions in New York City
<p>Bird-building collisions account for 365-988 million bird fatalities every year in the United States alone. Understanding conditions that heighten collision risk is critical to developing effective strategies for reducing this source of anthropogenic bird mortality. Meteorological factors and regional migration traffic may influence collision rates but also may be difficult to disentangle from other effects. We used 5 years of bird collision counts in New York City to examine the influence of nocturnal weather conditions and bird migration traffic rates on collisions with buildings during spring and fall. We found that seasonally unfavorable winds and conditions that impede visibility are important factors that influence rates of bird-building collisions during both seasons. Specifically, northerly and westerly winds and low visibility in the spring, and southerly and westerly winds and low cloud ceiling height in the fall are associated with higher collision risks. Generally, these weather variables associated most strongly with increased collisions when nocturnal bird migration traffic was high, with the exception of low visibility in spring, which was predicted to triple collision rates compared to high visibility, independent of bird migration traffic. Although legislation to turn off unnecessary nocturnal lighting for the entirety of the migration seasons may be an ultimate goal, a proximate goal invaluable for reducing collisions will be predicting which nights will be of highest risk and using this information to determine when mitigation efforts could be most effective.</p>
Data for `Memory of elastic collisions drives high minority spin and oscillatory entropy in underdamped chiral spinners'
<p>This dataset contains the tracked trajectories of spinners for both 18-spinner and 36-spinner systems. The MATLAB code evaluation.m evaluates physical quantities including rotational and translational energies, angular velocity distribution, accumulative spin, and mixing entropy evolution from the tracked trajectories. To view a particular experiment, uncomment the loading command at the beginning of the code evaluation.m.</p>
Organic and inorganic carbon sinks reduce long-term deep carbon emissions in the continental collision margin of the southern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Cenozoic climate cooling
<p>Hydrogeochemical data including aqueous chemistry, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, gas components, gas helium, carbon isotopes from southern Tibet. Supporting the manuscript titled "Organic and inorganic carbon sinks reduce long-term deep carbon emissions in the continental collision margin of the southern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Cenozoic climate cooling".</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.