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139 results for “color variation”
Data from: Egg discrimination along a gradient of natural variation in eggshell coloration
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Data from: Using human vision to detect variation in avian coloration: How bad is it?
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Data from: Revealing the biochemical and genetic basis of color variation in a polymorphic lizard
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Developmental transcriptomics reveals a gene network driving mimetic color variation in a bumble bee
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Data from: Mate choice and the genetic basis for color variation in a polymorphic dart frog: inferences from a wild pedigree
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Data from: Geographic variation in pollen color is associated with temperature stress
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A combined RAD-Seq and WGS approach reveals the genomic basis of yellow color variation in bumble bee Bombus terrestris
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Data from: Competition for hummingbird pollination shapes flower color variation in Andean Solanaceae
One classic explanation for the remarkable diversity of flower colors across angiosperms involves evolutionary shifts among different types of pollinators with different color preferences. However, the pollinator shift model fails to account for the many examples of color variation within clades that share the same pollination system. An alternate explanation is the competition model, which suggests that color divergence evolves in response to interspecific competition for pollinators, as a means to decrease interspecific pollinator movements. This model predicts color overdispersion within communities relative to null assemblages. Here we combine morphometric analyses, field surveys, and models of pollinator vision with a species-level phylogeny to test the competition model in the primarily hummingbird-pollinated clade Iochrominae (Solanaceae). Results show that flower color as perceived by pollinators is significantly overdispersed within sites. This pattern is not simply due to phylogenetic history: phylogenetic community structure does not deviate from random expectations, and flower color lacks phylogenetic signal. Moreover, taxa that occur in sympatry occupy a significantly larger volume of color space than those in allopatry, supporting the hypothesis that competition in sympatry drove the evolution of novel colors. We suggest that competition among close relatives may commonly underlie floral divergence, especially in species-rich habitats where congeners frequently co-occur.
Data from: Positioning behavior according to individual color variation improves camouflage in novel habitats
Behavior can play a key role in adaptation, especially in novel environments. Here we study how ground-perching grasshoppers that colonized street pavements as novel habitats behaviorally manage their detection rates by predators. We found that grasshoppers positioned themselves aligned with the spaces between adjacent bricks more than expected by chance. By performing a virtual predation experiment, we confirmed that this positioning behavior decreases predation rate. Surprisingly, individuals with a poorer cryptic coloration made greater use of this positioning behavior, while individuals with a better cryptic coloration relied more on background color matching. Additionally, positioning behavior interacted with other anti-predation behaviors: individuals who were positioned on the space between bricks allowed potential predators to get closer before fleeing. These results indicate that these grasshoppers showed adaptive flexibility in camouflage and escape behaviors as a function of both individual and environmental variation. Such behavioral flexibility should allow organisms to cope better with novel environments, which deserves more study especially in the current context of global change.
Fig. 1. a in Color pattern variation in Cichla temensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae): Resolution based on morphological, molecular, and reproductive data
Fig. 1. a) Four defined color pattern grades in Cichla temensis used to group live specimens in the field. Specimens within each grade occur along a continuum of color and pattern variation. Grades 1 and 4 represent the extremes of variation. The more brightly colored Grade 4 (specimen TL = 548mm) variant is known as the three-barred peacock or tucunaré açu in Brazil. At the other extreme, Grade 1 (specimen TL = 541mm) is known as the speckled peacock or tucunaré paca and is dark and comparatively non-descript. Grade 2 (specimen TL = 613mm) and Grade 3 (specimen TL = 585mm) represent transitional degrees of variation between the extremes of paca and açu. All variant grades were collected in both Region 1 and Region 2 (Fig. 2); b) Cichla monoculus was collected in Region 1 (specimen TL = 382mm) and displays a pattern of bars 1, 2 and 3 similar to, but shorter than those of C. temensis without postorbital markings but with an abdominal bar; c) Cichla orinocensis was collected in Region 2 (specimen TL = 412mm) and is differentiated by three ocellar marks in place of vertical bars 1, 2 and 3. Postorbital markings are absent.
A supergene underlies linked variation in color and morphology in a Holarctic songbird
<p>The genetic architecture of a phenotype can have considerable effects on the evolution of a trait or species. Characterizing genetic architecture provides insight into the complexity of a given phenotype and, potentially, the role of the phenotype in evolutionary processes like speciation. We use genome sequences to investigate the genetic basis of phenotypic variation in redpoll finches (<i>Acanthis</i> spp.). We demonstrate that variation in redpoll phenotype is broadly controlled by a ~55-Mb chromosomal inversion. Within this inversion, we find multiple candidate genes related to melanogenesis, carotenoid coloration, and bill shape, suggesting the inversion acts as a supergene controlling multiple linked traits. A latitudinal gradient in ecotype distribution suggests supergene driven variation in color and bill morphology are likely under environmental selection, maintaining supergene haplotypes as a balanced polymorphism. Our results provide a mechanism for the maintenance of ecotype variation in redpolls despite a genome largely homogenized by gene flow.</p>
Figure 6 from: Csősz S, Kiran K, Karaman C, Lapeva-Gjonova A (2022) A striking color variation is detected in Ponera testacea Emery, 1895 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) across its Western Palaearctic geographic range. ZooKeys 1084: 151-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.79415
Figure 6 The best morphometric ratio (petiole length / petiole height; PEL/PH) is illustrated on the head length (CL). Scatterplots of the most discriminating ratio on the head length between workers of Western Palaearctic representatives of Ponera; P. coarctata: black circles, P. testacea: red triangles. The thin dashed line illustrates best separation.
Figure 7 from: Csősz S, Kiran K, Karaman C, Lapeva-Gjonova A (2022) A striking color variation is detected in Ponera testacea Emery, 1895 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) across its Western Palaearctic geographic range. ZooKeys 1084: 151-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.79415
Figure 7 Geographic map of Ponera species in Europe and Turkey. Color codes for species are as follows: Ponera coarctata: red circles, P. testacea "black morphs": blue triangles, P. testacea "yellow morphs": yellow rectangles.
Figure 3 from: Csősz S, Kiran K, Karaman C, Lapeva-Gjonova A (2022) A striking color variation is detected in Ponera testacea Emery, 1895 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) across its Western Palaearctic geographic range. ZooKeys 1084: 151-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.79415
Figure 3 Dendrogram solution for the Western Palaearctic representatives of Ponera. Sample information in the dendrogram follows this format: abbreviated country code, locality name, and/or a special collection code followed by final species hypothesis separated by underscore. Two columns of rectangles represent results of partitioning resulted by method PART using two cluster methods 'hclust' and 'kmeans'.
Figure 4 from: Csősz S, Kiran K, Karaman C, Lapeva-Gjonova A (2022) A striking color variation is detected in Ponera testacea Emery, 1895 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) across its Western Palaearctic geographic range. ZooKeys 1084: 151-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.79415
Figure 4 Gap statistic for dataset of Western Palaearctic Ponera samples. Two-cluster solution is highly supported by the elbow at 2 components by the dispersion curve (left) and by the peak at cluster number four by the gap curve (right). Number of clusters in the data (X axis), the total within-cluster dispersion for each evaluated partition (Y axis for the left plot) and the vector of length Kmax giving the Gap statistic for each evaluated partition (Y axis for the right plot) is illustrated.
Figure 1 from: Csősz S, Kiran K, Karaman C, Lapeva-Gjonova A (2022) A striking color variation is detected in Ponera testacea Emery, 1895 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) across its Western Palaearctic geographic range. ZooKeys 1084: 151-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.79415
Figure 1 Light-colored (score 2) Ponera testacea worker from Hungary. Specimen: CASENT0906719, from www.antweb.org.
Figure 2 from: Csősz S, Kiran K, Karaman C, Lapeva-Gjonova A (2022) A striking color variation is detected in Ponera testacea Emery, 1895 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) across its Western Palaearctic geographic range. ZooKeys 1084: 151-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.79415
Figure 2 A syntype worker of Ponera coarctata var. lucida representing a dark-colored (score 4) P. testacea worker from Azerbaijan. Specimen: CASENT0903905, from www.antweb.org.
Figure 5 from: Csősz S, Kiran K, Karaman C, Lapeva-Gjonova A (2022) A striking color variation is detected in Ponera testacea Emery, 1895 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) across its Western Palaearctic geographic range. ZooKeys 1084: 151-164. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1084.79415
Figure 5 Ordination biplot for shape principal component analysis (sPCA) based on species identity. Color codes represent: Ponera coarctata: blue circles, P. testacea: orange asterisks, P. testacea lectotype: orange triangle, P. lucida syntypes: dark brown rectangles.
Figure 3 - Haemagogus spegazzinii l.s. eggs collected from a in Haemagogus spegazzinii Brèthes, 1912 (Diptera: Culicidae) in Brazilian semiarid: resistance in eggs and scale color variation in adults
Figure 3 - Haemagogus spegazzinii l.s. eggs collected from a semiarid region in northeastern Brazil. a) Standard scale colors of Haemagogus spegazzinii, with a broad patch of white scales on the thoracic pleura, and abdomen covered with dark scales, with sheen ranging from copper to green to bluish green to blue. b) "Dark" scales: primarily dark on the lateral portion of the thorax, with bluish-green sheen and clusters of white scales, and abdomen covered with scales of the same color. c) "Striped" scales: abdomen exhibiting basal bands of white scales on terga (II–VIII), and a patch of white scales on the middle lobe of the scutellum that may extend to the pre-scutellar area. d) "Patched" scales: patches of white scales on the terga (IV–VIII).
Figure 2 in Haemagogus spegazzinii Brèthes, 1912 (Diptera: Culicidae) in Brazilian semiarid: resistance in eggs and scale color variation in adults
Figure 2 - Photos of eggs of Haemagogus spp. a) Viable egg, with no morphological deformations. b) Hatched egg with ruptured chorion. c) Deformed egg flattened dorsoventrally. d) Egg cluster.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.