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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Fig. 8 in Constraints on Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Four Free-living Litostomatean Lineages Inferred from 18S rRNA gene-ITS Region sequences and Secondary Structure of the ITS2 molecule

Fig. 8. Structure logo of ITS2 helices II and III in various higher litostomatean taxa. The height of a base is proportional to its frequency in multiple sequence alignments.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Fig. 2 in Constraints on Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Four Free-living Litostomatean Lineages Inferred from 18S rRNA gene-ITS Region sequences and Secondary Structure of the ITS2 molecule

Fig. 2. Phylogeny based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of 60 free-living litostomatean taxa (alignment ITSR-A). Posterior probabilities for Bayesian inference and bootstrap values for maximum likelihood were mapped onto the best ML tree. Dashes indicate posterior probabilities below 0.50 and ML bootstrap values below 50%. Sequences in bold were obtained during this study. The scale bar indicates nine substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions. For details on taxa, evolutionary model used, and characteristics of the ITSR-A alignment, see Supplementary Table S1 and S2.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2017View details →

Fig. 7 in Constraints on Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Four Free-living Litostomatean Lineages Inferred from 18S rRNA gene-ITS Region sequences and Secondary Structure of the ITS2 molecule

Fig. 7. Consensus secondary structure of ITS2 helices II and III in various higher litostomatean taxa.

Рис. 4. Особо охраняемые территории Юго-ЗапаΑного Приморья Fig. 4. Specially protected areas of South-Western Primorye in Transboundary Migration And The Local Constraints In The Dynamic Of Fish Fauna In The Lower Reaches Of Tumannaya River

Рис. 4. Особо охраняемые территории Юго-ЗапаΑного Приморья Fig. 4. Specially protected areas of South-Western Primorye

Рис. 3. Схема миграций виΑов рыб, участвующих в современной Αинамике ихтиофауны на территории НТТ: 1 — разΛивы; 2 — намывы. Черным цветом обозначены направΛения миграций из реки Туманной; красным — из оз. Хасан и РазΛивов; синим — с мест зимовки в реках южного Приморья; зеΛеным — сезонные миграции из южных морей Fig. 3. Scheme of migration of fish species involved in the modern dynamics of ichthyofauna on the territory of LRT: 1 — spills; 2 — alluvial. Black color indicates the direction of migration from the Tumannaya river; red — from lake Khasan and spills; blue — from wintering places in the rivers of southern Primorye; green — seasonal migration from the south seas in Transboundary Migration And The Local Constraints In The Dynamic Of Fish Fauna In The Lower Reaches Of Tumannaya River

Рис. 3. Схема миграций виΑов рыб, участвующих в современной Αинамике ихтиофауны на территории НТТ: 1 — разΛивы; 2 — намывы. Черным цветом обозначены направΛения миграций из реки Туманной; красным — из оз. Хасан и РазΛивов; синим — с мест зимовки в реках южного Приморья; зеΛеным — сезонные миграции из южных морей Fig. 3. Scheme of migration of fish species involved in the modern dynamics of ichthyofauna on the territory of LRT: 1 — spills; 2 — alluvial. Black color indicates the direction of migration from the Tumannaya river; red — from lake Khasan and spills; blue — from wintering places in the rivers of southern Primorye; green — seasonal migration from the south seas

Рис. 2. Низина Λевобережья НТТ в виΑе параΛΛеΛьных берегу моря ваΛов и небоΛьших понижений, вытянутых в северо-восточном направΛении, с характерной раститеΛьностью Fig. 2. The lowland of the left Bank of the LRT in the form of parallel to the seashore shafts and small depressions, elongated in a North-Eastern direction, with characteristic vegetation in Transboundary Migration And The Local Constraints In The Dynamic Of Fish Fauna In The Lower Reaches Of Tumannaya River

Рис. 2. Низина Λевобережья НТТ в виΑе параΛΛеΛьных берегу моря ваΛов и небоΛьших понижений, вытянутых в северо-восточном направΛении, с характерной раститеΛьностью Fig. 2. The lowland of the left Bank of the LRT in the form of parallel to the seashore shafts and small depressions, elongated in a North-Eastern direction, with characteristic vegetation

Рис. 1. Устье р. Туманной (Λевый берег). ВиΑны постоянно Αействующий (А) и формирую- щийся (Б) воΑотоки, сбрасывающие воΑу из озера Αебяжьего Fig. 1. The mouth of the Tumannaya river (left bank). Visible permanent (A) and forming (B) watercourses that discharge water from lake Lebyazhye in Transboundary Migration And The Local Constraints In The Dynamic Of Fish Fauna In The Lower Reaches Of Tumannaya River

Рис. 1. Устье р. Туманной (Λевый берег). ВиΑны постоянно Αействующий (А) и формирую- щийся (Б) воΑотоки, сбрасывающие воΑу из озера Αебяжьего Fig. 1. The mouth of the Tumannaya river (left bank). Visible permanent (A) and forming (B) watercourses that discharge water from lake Lebyazhye

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2012View details →

A Preisach method for estimating absolute paleofield intensity under the constraint of using only isothermal measurements: 2. Experimental testing [DATASET]

Raw FORC data published in: Muxworthy, A.R., Heslop, D., Paterson, G.A., Michalk, D., 2011. A Preisach method for estimating absolute paleofield intensity under the constraint of using only isothermal measurements: 2. Experimental testing. J. Geophys. Res. 116, B04103, doi:04110.01029/02010JB007844.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Conditional gradient for total variation regularization with PDE constraints: a graph cuts approach

This module solves a PDE constrained minimisation problem with TV-regularization, using the method described in the paper "Conditional gradient for total variation regularization with PDE constraints: a graph cuts approach"

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Constraining the dense matter equation of state with new NICER mass-radius measurements and new chiral effective field theory constraints: prior and posterior samples and scripts for generating plots

Full reproduction package accompanying the paper: Constraining the dense matter equation of state with new NICER mass-radius measurements and new chiral effective field theory inputs   *Note, the changes made from version to version are made visible in the CHANGELOG.rst file

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2020View details →

Fig. 1. Species trees and alternative constraint convergence topologies. H0 in Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population.

Fig. 1. Species trees and alternative constraint convergence topologies. H0 is the well-accepted species tree. H1, H2, and H3 are three alternate echolocator-converged topologies. H1-control, H2-control and H3-control refer to the constraint convergent topologies of representative non-echolocators (cow, hedgehog, and non-echolocating bats).

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2018View details →

Subgraphs of functional brain networks identify dynamical constraints of cognitive control

Post-processed BOLD fMRI functional connectivity data from human subjects performing two distinct cognitive control tasks. See enclosed README file for information regarding data organization and handling.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2018View details →

Supplementary Data: Combined collider constraints on neutralinos and charginos

Supplementary Data Combined collider constraints on neutralinos and charginos. The files in this record contain data for the EWMSSM model considered in the <a href="http://gambit.hepforge.org">GAMBIT</a> paper on constraints on electroweakinos.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2019View details →

Dataset for: "Big data suggest strong constraints of linguistic similarity on adult language learning"

This dataset is adapted from raw data with fully anonymized results on the State Examination of Dutch as a Second Language. This exam is officially administred by the Board of Tests and Examinations (College voor Toetsen en Examens, or CvTE). See cvte.nl/about-cvte. The Board of Tests and Examinations is mandated by the Dutch government. The article accompanying the dataset: Schepens, Job, Roeland van Hout, and T. Florian Jaeger. “Big Data Suggest Strong Constraints of Linguistic Similarity on Adult Language Learning.” Cognition 194 (January 1, 2020): 104056. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104056">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104056</a>. Every row in the dataset represents the first official testing score of a unique learner. The columns contain the following information as based on questionnaires filled in at the time of the exam: "L1" - The first language of the learner "C" - The country of birth "L1L2" - The combination of first and best additional language besides Dutch "L2" - The best additional language besides Dutch "AaA" - Age at Arrival in the Netherlands in years (starting date of residence) "LoR" - Length of residence in the Netherlands in years "Edu.day" - Duration of daily education (1 low, 2 middle, 3 high, 4 very high). From 1992 until 2006, learners' education has been measured by means of a side-by-side matrix question in a learner's questionnaire. Learners were asked to mark which type of education they have had (elementary, secondary, or tertiary schooling) by means of filling in for how many years they have been enrolled, in which country, and whether or not they have graduated. Based on this information we were able to estimate how many years learners have had education on a daily basis from six years of age onwards. Since 2006, the question about learners' education has been altered and it is asked directly how many years learners have had formal education on a daily basis from six years of age onwards. Possible answering categories are: 1) 0 thru 5 years; 2) 6 thru 10 years; 3) 11 thru 15 years; 4) 16 years or more. The answers have been merged into the categorical answer. "Sex" - Gender "Family" - Language Family "ISO639.3" - Language ID code according to Ethnologue "Enroll" - Proportion of school-aged youth enrolled in secondary education according to the World Bank. The World Bank reports on education data in a wide number of countries around the world on a regular basis. We took the gross enrollment rate in secondary schooling per country in the year the learner has arrived in the Netherlands as an indicator for a country's educational accessibility at the time learners have left their country of origin. "STEX_speaking_score" - The STEX test score for speaking proficiency. "Dissimilarity_morphological" - Morphological similarity "Dissimilarity_lexical" - Lexical similarity "Dissimilarity_phonological_new_features" - Phonological similarity (in terms of new features) "Dissimilarity_phonological_new_categories" - Phonological similarity (in terms of new sounds) A few rows of the data: "L1","C","L1L2","L2","AaA","LoR","Edu.day","Sex","Family","ISO639.3","Enroll","STEX_speaking_score","Dissimilarity_morphological","Dissimilarity_lexical","Dissimilarity_phonological_new_features","Dissimilarity_phonological_new_categories" "English","UnitedStates","EnglishMonolingual","Monolingual",34,0,4,"Female","Indo-European","eng ",94,541,0.0094,0.083191,11,19 "English","UnitedStates","EnglishGerman","German",25,16,3,"Female","Indo-European","eng ",94,603,0.0094,0.083191,11,19 "English","UnitedStates","EnglishFrench","French",32,3,4,"Male","Indo-European","eng ",94,562,0.0094,0.083191,11,19 "English","UnitedStates","EnglishSpanish","Spanish",27,8,4,"Male","Indo-European","eng ",94,537,0.0094,0.083191,11,19 "English","UnitedStates","EnglishMonolingual","Monolingual",47,5,3,"Male","Indo-European","eng ",94,505,0.0094,0.083191,11,19

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2008View details →

Text-fig. 6. Most parsimonious tree obtained after addition of Acaciaephyllum to the data set of Doyle (2008), with modifications discussed in the text, and with relationships of other taxa fixed with a backbone constraint tree based on results of Doyle (2008). Relative parsimony of alternative positions of Acaciaephyllum is indicated as in Text-fig. 2. Gnet = Gnetales. in Early Cretaceous Monocots: A Phylogenetic Evaluation

Text-fig. 6. Most parsimonious tree obtained after addition of Acaciaephyllum to the data set of Doyle (2008), with modifications discussed in the text, and with relationships of other taxa fixed with a backbone constraint tree based on results of Doyle (2008). Relative parsimony of alternative positions of Acaciaephyllum is indicated as in Text-fig. 2. Gnet = Gnetales.

Fig. 6 in Constraints on the lamina density of laminar bone architecture of large-bodied dinosaurs and mammals

Fig. 6. Lamina density vs. femur length of sauropodomorph dinosaur taxa (Plateosaurus and neosauropods). Among the neosauropods, lamina density does not correlate with femur length, although a slight decrease may take place with increasing femur length (Slope = -0.001; Intercept = 5.61; Pearson's R = -0.372, two-tailed p = 0.052). High variability of lamina density in Plateosaurus may be related to its developmental plasticity (cf. Sander and Klein 2005).

Fig. 5 in Constraints on the lamina density of laminar bone architecture of large-bodied dinosaurs and mammals

Fig. 5. Comparison of dinosaur and mammal lamina density. A test for normality of the combined distributions failed (which is common for large datasets), but descriptive statistics suggest the dataset may still be normal (skew [lopsidedness] = 0.449; kurtosis [peakedness or flatness] = -0.107). Mean mammal lamina density differs significantly from mean dinosaur lamina density (independent t-test, t = 5.928; p <0.001). A non-parametric alternative suggests an equally significant difference between the medians (Mann-Whitney U statistic = 752.0; two-tailed p value <0.001). For discussion of these results, please refer to the main text.

Fig. 4 in Constraints on the lamina density of laminar bone architecture of large-bodied dinosaurs and mammals

Fig. 4. Comparison of the frequency distributions of lamina density of the different mammal groups. These data represent 24 of our own samples complemented with 15 elephantid samples from Curtin et al. (2012). Mammal lamina density follows a normal distribution. Descriptive statistics of mammal lamina density: mean = 4.154 laminae/mm; SD = 1.517 laminae/ mm; skew = 0.964 and kurtosis = 0.289. For further discussion please refer to the main text.

Fig. 3 in Constraints on the lamina density of laminar bone architecture of large-bodied dinosaurs and mammals

Fig. 3. Comparison of the frequency distributions of lamina density of sauropodomorph dinosaur taxa. The distribution follows a normal distribution. Descriptive statistics for sauropod lamina density: mean = 5.76 laminae/mm; SD = 1.386 laminae/mm; skew = 0.842; kurtosis = 0.021. For further discussion please refer to the main text.

Fig. 2 in Constraints on the lamina density of laminar bone architecture of large-bodied dinosaurs and mammals

Fig. 2. Laminar bone tissue in a Brachiosaurus humerus (MFN t7). One lamina is defined as the distance from the center of a vascular canal to the center of the following vascular canal, as indicated by the arrows (cf. Sander and Tückmantel 2003).