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466 results for “contract”
Data from: Genetic diversity maintained among fragmented populations of a tree undergoing range contraction
Dwarf birch (Betula nana) has a widespread boreal distribution but has declined significantly in Britain where populations are now highly fragmented. We analysed the genetic diversity of these fragmented populations using markers that differ in mutation rate: conventional microsatellites markers (PCR-SSRs), RADseq generated transition and transversion SNPs (RAD-SNPs), and microsatellite markers mined from RADseq reads (RAD-SSRs). We estimated the current population sizes by census and indirectly, from the linkage disequilibrium found in the genetic surveys. The two types of estimate were highly correlated. Overall we found genetic diversity to be only slightly lower in Britain than across a comparable area in Scandinavia where populations are large and continuous. Whilst the ensemble of British fragments maintain diversity levels close to Scandinavian populations, individually they have drifted apart and lost diversity; particularly the smaller populations. An ABC analysis, based on coalescent models, favours demographic scenarios in which Britain maintained high levels of genetic diversity through post-glacial recolonisation. This diversity has subsequently been partitioned into population fragments that have recently lost diversity at a rate corresponding to the current population-size estimates. We conclude that the British population fragments retain sufficient genetic resources to be the basis of conservation and re-planting programmes. Use of markers with different mutation rates gives us greater confidence and insight than one marker set could have alone, and we suggest that RAD-SSRs are particularly useful as high mutation rate marker set with a well-specified ascertainment bias, which are widely available yet often neglected in existing RAD datasets.
Contract
h Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Smart Contracts Posts and Topic on Reddit
<p>A dataset including two CSVs collecting Reddit posts including respectively:<br>- Permalink: The post's link<br>- Title: The post's title<br>- author: The author's name.<br>- authorUrl: The URL to the author's profile<br>- commentCount: The number of comments related to the post<br>- id: The id of the post<br>-createdDate: The creation date of the reddit post<br>- query: Contains the URL of the board<br>- category: The category related to the subreddit post<br>- score: post score<br>- awardCount: number of awards<br>- silverCount: number of silver gildings<br>- goldCount: number of gold gildings<br>- platinumCount: number of platinum gildings<br>- upvoteRatio: the upvote ratio</p>
A Context-Driven Approach for Co-Auditing Smart Contracts with The Support of GPT-4
<p>This is the latest version that contains all the data related to the experiment. This version is a merge of all the previous versions and does not add any new data</p>
# Artifact: Smart Contract and DeFi Security Tools: Do They Meet the Needs of Practitioners?
<p>This artifact complements the ICSE'24 paper titled "Smart Contract and DeFi Security Tools: Do They Meet the Needs of Practitioners?" by providing comprehensive resources for reproducing and extending its research findings. The artifact includes 'retro.db', a database of 127 DeFi attacks discussed in sections 4.1 and 4.2 of the paper. This database comprises data on the attacks and the outcomes derived from various analysis tools applied to the vulnerable contracts. Additionally, it provides thorough instructions on how to reapply these tools to the dataset, as well as guidance on integrating and running additional tools. Finally, it includes anonymized responses from the survey participants, which are used to recreate the analysis presented in sections 4.3, 4.4, and 4.5. </p>
Supplemental Data for: Aberrant cortex contractions impact mammalian oocyte quality
<p>Supplemental data of the paper from Nikalayevich et al. </p><p>It contains the raw data of mouse and human oocytes features generated from Oocytor and used in the analysis. </p>
Additional Resources for End-user Comprehension of Transfer Risks in Smart Contracts
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Supplementary Material, Towards the LLM-Based Generation of Formal Specifications from Natural-Language Contracts: Early Experiments with Symboleo
<p>This repository contains all the files used in the experiments described in the paper "Towards the LLM-Based Generation of Formal Specifications from Natural-Language Contracts: Early Experiments with Symboleo", which appeared in "RAISE 2025: Requirements engineering for AI-powered SoftwarE", an ICSE 2025 workshop, Ottawa, May 3, 2025.</p>
Currency Choice in Contracts
<p>Replication of Figures in: Drenik, Kirpalani and Perez (forthcoming), ``Currency Choice in Contracts", The Review of Economic Studies.</p>
Empirical Review of Automated Analysis Tools on 47,587 Ethereum Smart Contracts
<p>This dataset contains the full output of the execution of 9 state-of-the-art automated analysis tools on 47,518 Solidity contracts.</p> <p>The data structure is as follows</p> <pre><code>├─ results │ └─ <tool_name> │ └─ <dataset_name> │ └─ <contract_address> │ ├─ <result.log> # stdout of the analysis │ └─ <result.json> # parsable output analysis</code></pre> <p> </p>
Range expansion and contraction of Tillandsia landbeckii lomas in hyperarid Chilean Atacama Desert indicate ancient introgression and geneflow
<p><span>Here we hypothesise that interspecies geneflow as well as secondary contact of formerly isolated clusters of <em>T. landbeckii</em> may have contributed to maintain, restore or even enhance the species´ genetic diversity through space and time. We employed genotyping-by sequencing (GBS) to obtain genetic variation largely retrieved from the nuclear genome on population level, and used the same data to extract sequence information to define maternally inherited plastid types. Reference plastomes from different plastid types via a genome-wide short read sequencing approach (genome skimming) were assembled. Plastome data were analysed in order to provide a robust phylogenetic and temporal framework of the maternal perspective including various epiarenic species of particular interest for the evolutionary history of <em>T. landbeckii</em>. The spatiotemporal scale of our study covers the entire Chilean Atacama Desert with a focus on one population form the central cluster. The aim of our study is to provide reasonable explanations for orphan genetic clusters on different spatial scales, while highlighting the idea of evolutionary significant secondary genetic contact on and between species level, which may have also fostered the evolution of epiarenic growth in Tillandsia. This study should pave the way for future comparative evolutionary studies across epiarenic Tillandsia species to unravel the co-evolution of the Atacama Desert system and biological life.</span></p>
Locomotor resilience through load-dependent modulation of muscle co-contraction
<p>Terrestrial locomotor behavior in variable environments requires resilience to sudden changes in substrate properties. For example, walking animals can adjust to substantial changes in slope and corresponding changes in load distribution among legs. In insects, slope-dependent adjustments have mainly been examined under steady-state conditions, whereas the transition dynamics have been largely neglected. In a previous study, we showed that steady-state adjustments of stick insects to ±45° slopes involve substantial changes in joint torques and muscle activity with only minor changes in leg kinematics. Here, we take a close look at the time course of these adjustments as stick insects compensate for various kinds of disturbances to load distribution. In particular, we test whether the transition from one steady state to another involves distinct transition steps or follows a graded process. To resolve this, we combined simultaneous recordings of whole-body kinematics and hind leg muscle activity to elucidate how freely walking <em>Carausius morosus</em> negotiated a step-change in substrate slope. Step-by-step adjustments reveal that muscle activity changed in a graded manner as a function of body pitch relative to gravity. We further show analogous transient adjustment of muscle activity in response to destabilizing lift-off events of neighboring legs and the disappearance of antagonist co-activation during crawling episodes. Given these three examples of load-dependent regulation of antagonist muscle co-contraction, we conclude that stick insects respond to both transient and sustained changes in load distribution by regulating joint stiffness rather than through distinct transition steps.</p>
Sociotechnical Dynamics in Open Source Smart Contract Repositories: An Exploratory Data Analysis of Curated High Market Value Projects
<p>This is the replication package for the paper “Sociotechnical Dynamics in Open Source Smart Contract Repositories: An Exploratory Data Analysis of Curated High Market Value Projects”.</p> <p>In project_curation_selection, there is the curation process of the 100 selected projects including the identification of GitHub repositories and classification of evolution scenarios. </p> <p>In distribution_commits_issues_contributors_market_value_before_after_deploy, data collection from GitHub projects includes the distribution of total commits, contributors, and issues before and after deployment of each investigated project. </p> <p>In analysis_commit_messages, there is qualitative analysis of commit message content from all investigated projects. </p> <p>In the analysis_contributors section, the data focuses on analyzing the profiles of each GitHub contributor involved in the investigated projects.</p> <p>In analysis_market_value_by_project, data refers to the market value and volume of each investigated project. </p> <p>In codes, there are scripts used to obtain the analyzed data.</p> <p> </p>
Artifacts of the paper "DogeFuzz: A Simple Yet Efficient Grey-box Fuzzer for Smart Contracts."
<div> <h1>Artifacts of the paper "DogeFuzz: A Simple Yet Efficient Grey-box Fuzzer for Smart Contracts."</h1> <a href="https://github.com/faustocarva/dogefuzzsbes_artifact/tree/main#artifacts-of-the-paper-dogefuzz-a-simple-yet-efficient-grey-box-fuzzer-for-smart-contracts"></a></div> <p>This repository contains artifacts for the experiments in the paper DogeFuzz: A Simple Yet Efficient Grey-box Fuzzer for Smart Contracts. The <code>dataset</code> directory includes 2 benchmarks: Bench72 and Bench500. The other directories are <code>dogefuzz-results</code> for processing Dogefuzz-related result files and <code>Smartian-Artifact</code> for processing Smartian-related replication studies.</p>
Paradoxical Leadership and Employee Proactive Work Behavior: Exploring the Mediating Role of Perceived Psychological Contract Fulfillment.
<p><span><span>Abstract</span></span></p> <p><strong><span>Background</span></strong></p> <p><span>This study delves into the intricate interplay among paradoxical leadership (PL), employees' proactive work behaviour (EPWB), and perceived psychological contract fulfilment (PPCF). PL, characterized by its simultaneous emphasis on apparently contradictory behaviours, has garnered attention due to its potential to foster innovation, adaptability, and creativity. The study's main objective is to thoroughly explore the complexities of PL, its influence on EPWB, and whether the PPCF serves as a mediator. <span> </span></span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong></p> <p><span>A survey was distributed to 338 hotel and travel agency employees to gather data. The data was analysed using structural equation modelling through a SmartPLS program. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Results </span></strong></p> <p><span>The results reveal a positive correlation between PL and EPWB. Additionally, PPCF partially mediates this relationship, indicating its vital role in exploring the positive impact of PL on boosting proactive behaviours. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions </span></strong></p> <p><span>This research brings forth meaningful contributions to both theoretical and practical dimensions. Theoretically, it enhances our comprehension of how PL manifests in the distinctive landscape of the hospitality and tourism domain, substantiating its potential to drive proactive behaviours among employees. The mediation of PPCF enriches our grasp of the underlying mechanisms, accentuating the significance of maintaining harmonized and consistent leadership practices. From a practical vantage point, these findings offer valuable insights for hospitality and tourism establishments aspiring to optimize their leadership strategies for cultivating proactive work behaviour among their workforces.</span></p> <p><span> </span><span><span>Keywords:</span></span></p> <p><span><span>Paradoxical leadership; proactive behavior; hotel industry; tourism industry; psychological contract.</span></span></p>
Understanding Transaction-Reverting Faults in Smart Contracts
<div> <h1>Understanding Transaction-Reverting Faults in Smart Contracts</h1> </div> <p>This project aims to provide a benchmark for smart contract developers and researchers to enhance their understanding of transaction-reverting faults (TR faults) in smart contracts. The project is associated with a paper titled <strong>Understanding Transaction-Reverting Faults in Smart Contracts</strong>.</p> <div> <h2>Dataset Description</h2> </div> <div> <h3>Overview</h3> </div> <p>We identify 301 real-world TR faults from open-source GitHub project and categorize them into machine auditable and machine unauditable faults. Among these faults, 224 (74.4%) fall into the machine auditable category, while the remaining 77 (25.6%) fall into the machine unauditable category. For detailed information on these 301 TR fault contracts, please refer to the <a href="../api/records/11889080/draft/files/TRFaults.zip/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TRFaults.zip</a>. For more details, please refer to our GitHub repo. </p> <div> <h3>Folder Structure</h3> </div> <p>The dataset is structured into four distinct sections within the <a href="../api/records/11889080/draft/files/TRFaults.zip/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">TRFaults.zip</a> :</p> <ul> <li>machine_auditable_faults: includes the buggy and patched version of the 224 machine auditable faults.</li> <li>machine_unauditable_faults: includes the buggy and patched version of the 77 machine unauditable faults.</li> <li>machine_auditable_faults.csv: contains detailed information of each machine auditable fault, including the commit URL, category, and project type.</li> <li>machine_unauditable_faults.csv: contains the detailed information of each machine unauditable fault, including the commit URL, category, and project type.</li> </ul>
SUSTAINABILITY CLAUSES IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC CONTRACTS: THE AFTERMATH OF CSDDD
<p><em>On 12 July 2024, SAPIENS Network Early Stage Researcher Ezgi Uysal held a scientific webinar titled "SUSTAINABILITY CLAUSES IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC CONTRACTS: THE AFTERMATH OF CSDDD." </em></p> <p><em>The webinar featured prominent speakers:</em></p> <ul> <li><em><strong>Kateřina Mitkidis</strong>, a professor at Aarhus University specializing in environmental law, sustainable development, and international business contracts, discussed sustainability clauses in supply chains and strategies for mitigating plastic pollution.</em></li> <li><em><strong>Daniel Schönfelder</strong>, the European Legal Advisor for the Responsible Contracting Project, focused on drafting and disseminating sustainability clauses tailored to the German and European contexts and implementing the German Supply Chain Due Diligence Act.</em></li> <li><em><strong>Martijn Scheltema</strong>, a professor of private law at Erasmus University Rotterdam and partner at Pels Rijcken, explored the enforcement of sustainability considerations in contracts and the development of European Model Contract Clauses.</em></li> </ul> <p><em>Ezgi Uysal, a PhD Researcher at the University of Turin and an Early Stage Researcher at the SAPIENS Network, discussed monitoring and enforcing sustainability clauses in public procurement contracts, the interplay between contract law and public procurement law, and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD).</em></p> <p><em>The focus of the webinar was on the incorporation and enforcement of sustainability considerations in contracts, sustainable public procurement under the EU legal framework, and the need for effective contract management. The discussions highlighted new European contract clauses developed for corporate sustainability and the critical interplay between public procurement law and corporate sustainability due diligence. This webinar is particularly relevant for students, newcomers to public procurement, and professionals interested in understanding the latest legal mechanisms for promoting sustainability in supply chains.</em></p>
Data for "Enhanced "wind-evaporation effect" drove the "deep-tropical contraction" in the early Eocene"
<p>This repository includes the data for the paper "Enhanced “wind-evaporation effect” drove the “deep-tropical contraction” in the early Eocene" (Ren et al., 2024). It contains the coupled model data we conducted.</p>
The Hybrid Consensus Model Based on Blockchain Self-Executing Contract for Secure E-voting System
<p><strong>Data for Review</strong></p>
Automated Generation of Code Contracts - Generative AI to the Rescue?
<p>This replication package provides the setup and results to generate OpenJML code contracts for Java source code by fine-tuning and employing the resulting CodeT5 and CodeT5+ transformer models. Our code contract generation setup involved the training of the AI models and application. Furthermore, we analyzed the generated annotations wrt. thier logical validity and the type of OpenJML compilation errors. Both methods, together with the results are similarly provided.</p> <p><strong>Source Code Repository (see also scripts-sources.tar): </strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/SEG-UNIBE/auto-generated-code-contracts">https://github.com/SEG-UNIBE/auto-generated-code-contracts</a></li> <li><a href="../doi/10.5281/zenodo.13356451">https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.13356451</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Replication Package: </strong>contains the following [folders]</p> <ul> <li><strong>Scripts:</strong> <ul> <li>[scripts-sources.tar]: source codes of the following scripts <ul> <li>Python scripts that we used for training and adding the OpenJML code contracts to the Java methods</li> <li>automated analyses of the studied source code classes and the type of compilation errors</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Sourcegraph Search Results:</strong> <ul> <li>[sourcegraph-results.tar]: the results of the Sourcegraph search queries </li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Datasets:</strong> <ul> <li>[dataset.tar]: the dataset including the weka-project which contributes two-thirds of the contracts</li> <li>[dataset-withoutweka.tar]: the dataset without weka, which is significantly smaller and was used to examine the performance bias when training and testing without weka</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>CodeT5 Models:</strong><br> <ul> <li>[codet5-contracts.tar]: the best performing CodeT5 model which was fine-tuned to create OpenJML annotations for methods</li> <li>[codet5p-contracts.tar]: the best performing CodeT5+ model which was fine-tuned to create OpenJML annotations for methods</li> <li>[codet5p-contracts-withoutweka.tar]: the CodeT5+ model which was trained without weka on the same task</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Analysis Results:</strong> <ul> <li>[analysis-results.tar/compilability-analysis]: the results of the compilability analysis <ul> <li>the subjects to which we applied the best performing CodeT5+</li> <li>the compilation results and their analysis</li> </ul> </li> <li>[analysis-results.tar/logical-analysis] the results of the logical analysis <ul> <li>the analysis of logic validity of SimpleStack and SimpleTicTacToe</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.