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Fig. 1 in Like phoenix from the ashes: How modern baleen whales arose from a fossil "dark age"
Fig. 1. Location of major formations that have yielded diverse odontocete assemblages, but few or no mysticetes. Sources: Clallam Formation, Nye Mudstone, and Jewett Sand (Barnes 1977; Crowley et al. 1999); Calvert Formation (Gottfried et al. 1994); Pungo River Formation (Whitmore and Kaltenbach 2008); Chilcatay Formation (Bianucci et al. 2018); Upper Marine Molasse (Pilleri 1986a, b); Libano Sandstone and "Pietra leccese" (Bianucci and Landini 2002); Central Paratethys (Grigorescu and Kazár 2006).
TABLE 1 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
<p>TABLE 1 Some examples of melanistic individuals named as new species.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>‘New’ species</b></th><th><b>Actual species</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Mountain Partridge, <i>Perdix montana</i> Brisson, 1760</th><td>Grey Partridge <i>Perdix perdix</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td></tr><tr><th>Sabine’s Snipe <i>Scolopax sabinii</i> Vigors, 1825</th><td>Common Snipe <i>Gallinago gallinago</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td></tr><tr><th><i>Dicaeum aterrimum</i> Lesson, 1830</th><td>Bananaquit <i>Coereba flaveola</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pyrocephalus obscurus</i> Gould, 1839</th><td>Vermilion Flycatcher <i>Pyrocephalus rubinus</i> (Boddaert, 1783)</td></tr><tr><th>Chestnut-coloured Partridge <i>Ortyx castaneus</i> Gould, 1842</th><td>Northern Bobwhite <i>Colinus virginianus</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td></tr><tr><th>Black Fantail <i>Rhipidura melanura</i> G. R. Gray, 1843</th><td>New Zealand Fantail <i>Rhipidura fuliginosa</i> (Sparrman, 1787)</td></tr><tr><th>Black Woodhen <i>Gallirallus fuscus</i> Du Bus, 1847</th><td>Weka <i>Gallirallus australis</i> (Sparrman, 1786)</td></tr><tr><th>English Rock Dove <i>Columba affinis</i> Blyth, 1847</th><td>Rock Dove <i>Columba livia</i> J. F. Gmelin, 1789</td></tr><tr><th>Rufous-bellied Coucal <i>Centropus epomidis</i> Bonaparte, 1850</th><td>Senegal Coucal <i>Centropus senegalensis</i> (Linnaeus, 1766)</td></tr><tr><th>Black-shouldered Peafowl <i>Pavo nigripennis</i> P. L. Sclater, 1860</th><td>Indian Peafowl <i>Pavo cristatus</i> Linnaeus, 1758</td></tr><tr><th><i>Perdix atro-rufa</i> Soland, 1861</th><td>Red-legged Partridge <i>Alectoris rufa</i> (Linnaeus 1758)</td></tr><tr><th>Verreaux’s Quail <i>Synoicus lodoisiae</i> J. Verreaux & des Murs, 1862</th><td>Common Quail <i>Coturnix coturnix</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td></tr><tr><th>Black Penguin <i>Eudyptes atratus</i> Hutton, 1875</th><td>Fiordland Penguin <i>Eudyptes pachyrhynchus</i> G. R. Gray, 1845</td></tr><tr><th><i>Tetrastes griseiventris</i> Menzbier, 1880</th><td>Hazel Grouse <i>Tetrastes bonasia</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)</td></tr><tr><th><i>Monarcha ugiensis</i> Ramsay, 1882</th><td>Chestnut-bellied Monarch <i>Monarch castaneiventris</i> J. Verreaux, 1858</td></tr><tr><th>Cory’s Bittern <i>Ardetta neoxena</i> Cory, 1886</th><td>Least Bittern <i>Ixobrychus exilis</i> (J. F. Gmelin, 1789)</td></tr><tr><th>Sharpe’s Rail <i>Stictolimnas sharpei</i> Büttikofer, 1893</th><td>Buff-banded Rail <i>Gallirallus philippensis (Linnaeus, 1766)</i></td></tr><tr><th>Von Huegel’s Snipe <i>Gallinago huegeli</i> Tristram, 1893</th><td>New Zealand Snipe <i>Coenocorypha aucklandica</i> (G. R. Gray 1845)</td></tr><tr><th>Willkonsky’s Owl <i>Syrnium willkonskii</i> Menzbier, 1896</th><td>Tawny Owl <i>Strix aluco</i> Linnaeus, 1758</td></tr></tbody></table>
Figure 23 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 23. Pl. 14 in A. B. Meyer (1887) Unser Auer-, Rackel-und Birkwild und seine Abarten showing Black Grouse Lyrurus tetrix × ptarmigan Lagopus sp. hybrids (Hein van Grouw, © Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 12 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 12. Melanistic morph of Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla heineken, Madeira, 27 April 2008; the normal black head markings have overrun their boundaries, whilst the rest of the plumage is darker as well (Hadoram Shirihai)
Figure 1 in The dark side of birds: melanism-facts and fiction
Figure 1. Hand-coloured copper engraving of 'Perdix fuscus' from Vorstellung der Vögel Deutschlands (1763) by Johann Leonhard Frisch; the same mutation as Brisson's Perdix montana, i.e. a melanistic Grey Partridge P. perdix (Hein van Grouw, © Natural History Museum, London)
Linked collectors and determiners for: Taxonomy and Biogeography without frontiers – WhatsApp, Facebook and smartphone digital photography let citizen scientists in more remote localities step out of the dark.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Taxonomy and Biogeography without frontiers – WhatsApp, Facebook and smartphone digital photography let citizen scientists in more remote localities step out of the dark". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/d9953b25-4b14-437c-aecf-1ccb60e8d698">https://bionomia.net/dataset/d9953b25-4b14-437c-aecf-1ccb60e8d698</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/d9953b25-4b14-437c-aecf-1ccb60e8d698">https://gbif.org/dataset/d9953b25-4b14-437c-aecf-1ccb60e8d698</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: New dark species of the bee genus Colletes (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) from Mexico and Guatemala.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "New dark species of the bee genus Colletes (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) from Mexico and Guatemala". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/9d77686c-259b-431c-a3c4-074d3ba1620b">https://bionomia.net/dataset/9d77686c-259b-431c-a3c4-074d3ba1620b</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/9d77686c-259b-431c-a3c4-074d3ba1620b">https://gbif.org/dataset/9d77686c-259b-431c-a3c4-074d3ba1620b</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Pseudolycoriella skusei sp. nov. (Diptera: Sciaridae), a new dark-winged fungus gnat from Norfolk Island and Australia.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Pseudolycoriella skusei sp. nov. (Diptera: Sciaridae), a new dark-winged fungus gnat from Norfolk Island and Australia". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/47edc57f-1dbf-4578-b4fd-d044c7aca3dc">https://bionomia.net/dataset/47edc57f-1dbf-4578-b4fd-d044c7aca3dc</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/47edc57f-1dbf-4578-b4fd-d044c7aca3dc">https://gbif.org/dataset/47edc57f-1dbf-4578-b4fd-d044c7aca3dc</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Perlesta armitagei n. sp. (Plecoptera: Perlidae): More cryptic diversity in darkly pigmented Perlesta from the eastern Nearctic.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Perlesta armitagei n. sp. (Plecoptera: Perlidae): More cryptic diversity in darkly pigmented Perlesta from the eastern Nearctic". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/0f0f11d9-27bb-487e-93e0-6c33ec5958b6">https://bionomia.net/dataset/0f0f11d9-27bb-487e-93e0-6c33ec5958b6</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/0f0f11d9-27bb-487e-93e0-6c33ec5958b6">https://gbif.org/dataset/0f0f11d9-27bb-487e-93e0-6c33ec5958b6</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Two hundred years in the dark: A type for the moss Encalypta crispata.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Two hundred years in the dark: A type for the moss Encalypta crispata". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/2f042e7b-c661-4f61-b785-24c66ec1b67e">https://bionomia.net/dataset/2f042e7b-c661-4f61-b785-24c66ec1b67e</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/2f042e7b-c661-4f61-b785-24c66ec1b67e">https://gbif.org/dataset/2f042e7b-c661-4f61-b785-24c66ec1b67e</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Deep into darkness: the first stygobitic species of freshwater shrimp of the genus Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from Northern Vietnam.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Deep into darkness: the first stygobitic species of freshwater shrimp of the genus Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Atyidae) from Northern Vietnam". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/1d13c817-eda1-4754-a5ab-fb676c04f44f">https://bionomia.net/dataset/1d13c817-eda1-4754-a5ab-fb676c04f44f</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/1d13c817-eda1-4754-a5ab-fb676c04f44f">https://gbif.org/dataset/1d13c817-eda1-4754-a5ab-fb676c04f44f</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
PLATE IVB. Metioche Stal, 1877. (A–G), Metioche japonica (Ichikawa, 2001): A, Eyes rounded, large and widely separated; B,Antennae: Scape and pedicel dark black, flagellum light in colour; C, Shape of last segment of maxillary palpi-securiform; D, Female sub-genital plate triangular; E, Male sub-genital plate; F, Male genitalia; G, Female ovipositor upturned, sabre shaped; apexsharp with teeth on ventre. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IVB. Metioche Stal, 1877. (A–G), Metioche japonica (Ichikawa, 2001): A, Eyes rounded, large and widely separated; B,Antennae: Scape and pedicel dark black, flagellum light in colour; C, Shape of last segment of maxillary palpi-securiform; D, Female sub-genital plate triangular; E, Male sub-genital plate; F, Male genitalia; G, Female ovipositor upturned, sabre shaped; apexsharp with teeth on ventre.
PLATE IA. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–L), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Male; B, Female; C, Face with a transverse dark strip near epistomal suture; D, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi hatchet shaped; E, Lateral field of tegmina deeper than lateral lobe of pronotum; F, Hind tibia with 3 pairs of dorsal spines on both sides but largest inner apical spurs as long as or half of basitarsus; G, Fore tibia with oval shaped outer and inner tympanum; H, Harp vein only one, Mirror area occupying half dorsal surface, not divided with a small concentric inner veinlet; I, Pronotum with roundly convex anterior margin; J, Female ovipositor strongly upcurved, half as long as hind femur, three fifth area from base widened and bumpy, with a dorsal groove, cerci as long as ovipositor; K, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin narrowly truncated with a small projected median lobe, two styli present; L, Female sub-genital plate roundly triangular. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IA. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–L), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Male; B, Female; C, Face with a transverse dark strip near epistomal suture; D, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi hatchet shaped; E, Lateral field of tegmina deeper than lateral lobe of pronotum; F, Hind tibia with 3 pairs of dorsal spines on both sides but largest inner apical spurs as long as or half of basitarsus; G, Fore tibia with oval shaped outer and inner tympanum; H, Harp vein only one, Mirror area occupying half dorsal surface, not divided with a small concentric inner veinlet; I, Pronotum with roundly convex anterior margin; J, Female ovipositor strongly upcurved, half as long as hind femur, three fifth area from base widened and bumpy, with a dorsal groove, cerci as long as ovipositor; K, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin narrowly truncated with a small projected median lobe, two styli present; L, Female sub-genital plate roundly triangular.
Figure 16 Dark body with light legs, a in Taxonomic revision of the Temnothorax salvini clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a key to the clades of New World Temnothorax
Figure 16 Dark body with light legs, a common theme throughout salvini clade workers, profile view. (A) Temnothorax tuxtlanus sp. nov. (CASENT0640472). (B) T. leucacanthoides sp. nov. (CASENT0756102). (C) T. xincai sp. nov. (CASENT0632983). (D) T. androsanus, dark form (CASENT0758350). (E) T. ciferrii (MCZENT00510533). (F) T. hippolytus sp. nov. (LACMENT323469). (G) T. tenuisculptus (MCZENT00032435). (H) T. subditivus (CASENT0758299). (I) T. politus (CASENT0756845). Scale bars 0.2 mm. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11514/fig-16
Hubble's Constant with GW170817 Standard Siren and GW190814 Dark Siren
<p>The local universe expansion rate is one of the most fundamental and essential cosmological parameters. This value which is known by the name of Hubble’s Constant is scientifically measured by electromagnetic sources called distance ladder. Surprisingly, using Gravitational Wave (GW) analysis this value can be measured making GW sources another significant method to act as standard sirens with their electromagnetic counterparts from their host galaxy. The gravitational wave event GW 170817 was the outcome of the merger of two different neutron stars. The electromagnetic event was recorded from the host galaxy NGC4993. The GW170817 has been a considerable success in this direction measuring the value of universe acceleration H0 = 70.0+12.0 −8.0 kms−1 Mpc−1. Another event in this series GW190817 is Compact Binary Coalescence involving a 22.2 – 24.3 The EM counterpart of this event is unknown so far and hence the event is named Dark Siren.The Hubble’s value proposed with this even is close to H0 = 75+59 −13 km s−1Mpc−1 .The source GW190814 which involves a massive black hole and the other compact object as the lightest black hole or the heaviest neutron star was localized to 18.5 deg2 at a distance of Mpc.</p>
Figure 1. A. Anovia punica. Bluish-dark specimen from Cali. B in Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a new predator of Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae)
Figure 1. A. Anovia punica. Bluish-dark specimen from Cali. B. Rodolia cardinalis, with typical patterns. Photos by C. Pinchao.
Perseids 2020 over Dark Sky Park Poloniny, by Tomáš Slovinský, Slovakia
<p>Second place in the 2021 IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Meteor showers.</p> <p>A meteor shower occurs when the debris originated from comets or, on rare occasions, from asteroids enter the Earth’s atmosphere at high speed, leaving behind beautiful tracks in the sky due to friction with the atmosphere. This all-sky image taken in Slovakia in 2020 shows the Perseid meteor shower in a vivid way so one can really see the Perseids appearing all over the sky. This meteor shower is named so because the radiant point (the point on the sky where the meteors misleadingly seem to originate from) of the Perseid meteor shower is located in the constellation Perseus. This is a very prolific meteor shower, and a very popular phenomenon that can be observed from mid-July until mid-August, when the peak of activity happens. This is associated with the comet 109P/Swift–Tuttle, as Earth's orbit around the Sun crosses the debris left behind by this comet. This kind of image is very useful for full dome projections in planetariums, beautifully showing the Milky Way, our home Galaxy.</p> <p>Credit: Tomáš Slovinský/IAU OAE</p>
Text-fig. 3. Palaeogeographic distribution of Schloenbachia lymensis (red dots) in the Upper Cenomanian Calycoceras guerangeri through the Metoicoceras geslinianum Zones. Light blue – shallow epicontinental sea, dark blue – deep marine settings, yellow – land. * asterisk – occurrence in the BCB (modified after Wilmsen 2012). in Taxonomy And Stratigraphic Distribution Of The Ammonite Schloenbachia Neumayr, 1875 From The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin
Text-fig. 3. Palaeogeographic distribution of Schloenbachia lymensis (red dots) in the Upper Cenomanian Calycoceras guerangeri through the Metoicoceras geslinianum Zones. Light blue – shallow epicontinental sea, dark blue – deep marine settings, yellow – land. * asterisk – occurrence in the BCB (modified after Wilmsen 2012).
Text-fig. 7. Steinkerns of the land snail Arabicolaria omanensis eroding from indurated dark green-brown sands of Bed C above the Omanitherium type locality (the pen is 14.5 cm long). in Large Mammals From The Rupelian Of Oman - Recent Finds
Text-fig. 7. Steinkerns of the land snail Arabicolaria omanensis eroding from indurated dark green-brown sands of Bed C above the Omanitherium type locality (the pen is 14.5 cm long).
Text-fig. 1. Schematic maps showing location of the Prague Basin in the Barrandian area of the Czech Republic (a), the Koněprusy area (b), quarries in the Koněprusy area (c) and Jirásek's and Preisler's quarries (d). The exact location of the section described by Hladil et al. (1993) (1) and the new sections where the brachiopods were extracted (2) are figured. Abbreviations: UDI – upper dark interval, VČS-E – Velkolom Čertovy schody – východ quarry. in Rhynchonelliform Brachiopods And Trilobites Of The 'Upper Dark Interval' In The Koněprusy Area Devonian, Eifelian, Kačák Event; The Czech Republic
Text-fig. 1. Schematic maps showing location of the Prague Basin in the Barrandian area of the Czech Republic (a), the Koněprusy area (b), quarries in the Koněprusy area (c) and Jirásek's and Preisler's quarries (d). The exact location of the section described by Hladil et al. (1993) (1) and the new sections where the brachiopods were extracted (2) are figured. Abbreviations: UDI – upper dark interval, VČS-E – Velkolom Čertovy schody – východ quarry.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.