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FIGURE 1 in Myxobolus bragantinus n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) from the gill filaments of the redeye mullet, Mugil rubrioculus (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), on the eastern Amazon coast

FIGURE 1. Cysts and spores de Myxobolus bragantinus n. sp. in Mugil rubrioculus. (a) Cysts observed macroscopically in the gill filaments (arrows). Scale bar = 100 µm; (b) Cyst (*) in the gill filament (F). Scale bar = 20 µm. A ruptured cyst is marked with an asterisk (*). Scale bar = 10 µm; (c) Numerous spores (S) following the rupture of the cyst (**). Scale bar = 20 µm. In the detail, free spores in frontal view, showing the polar capsules (PC). Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon

FIGURE 3. Holoscolex alatus sp. nov. (holotype). A. Ventral view of anterior region. B. Common seta on right A line of XXX. C. Genital seta on right A line of XXII. D. Dorsal view of right calciferous glands. G, glandular region; M, membranous region. E. Frontal view of left post-clitellar nephridium. np, nephropore; npt, nephrostome; V, nepridium vesicle; Nm, Nematoda; Bd, bladder. F. Dorsal view of right spermatheca of VIII.

FIGURE 5 in Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon

FIGURE 5. Different arrangements of atrial glands of Holoscolex fernandoi, schematic. AG, atrial glands.

FIGURE 1 in Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon

FIGURE 1. Localization of sampling site within Belém Endemism Area and Gurupi Biological Reserve in Maranhão state, Brazil.

FIGURE 4 in Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon

FIGURE 4. Holoscolex fernandoi sp. nov. (holotype). A. Latero-ventral view of anterior region. a, A setae; b, B setae; c, C setae. B. Genital seta of papillae on right A line of XX. C. Common seta on right A line of XXX. D. Dorsal view of right calciferous gland. BV, blood vessel; G, glandular region; M, membranous region. E. Dorsal view of right spermathecae of VII and VIII. F. Lateral view of left post-clitellar nephidium. np, nephropore; npt, nephrostome; V, nepridium vesicle; Bd, bladder. G. Dorsal view of a left common atrial gland of XIX.

FIGURE 2 in Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon

FIGURE 2. Holoscolex dossantosi sp. nov. (holotype). A. Ventral view of clitellar region. B. Genital setae of right papilla on A line of XVIII. C. Common seta of right A line of XXX. D. Dorsal view of right calciferous gland. BV, blood vessel; G, glandular region; M, membranous region. E. Frontal view of right post-clitellar nephridium. np, nephropore; npt, nephrostome; V, nepridium vesicle; Bd, bladder. F. Dorsal view of right spermatheca of VIII.

FIGURES 20–28 in New species of Anacanthorus (Dactylogyridae: Anacanthorinae) from the gills of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Erythrinus erythrinus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) of the coastal drainage in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

FIGURES 20–28. Anacanthorus cururutuiensis sp. n. 20. Male copulatory organ (MCO); 21. 4A hooks; 22. Hook; Anacanthorus acrophallus sp. n. 23. MCO; 24. 4A hooks; 25. Hook; Anacanthorus circumspatulatus sp. n. 26. MCO; 27. 4A hooks; 28. Hook. Fig. 20 scale of 25µm; Figs. 21–22 scale of 10µm; Figs. 23–25 scale of 10µm; Fig. 26 scale of 25µm; Figs. 27–28 scale of 10µm.

FIGURES 8–15 in New species of Anacanthorus (Dactylogyridae: Anacanthorinae) from the gills of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Erythrinus erythrinus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) of the coastal drainage in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

FIGURES 8–15. Anacanthorus siphonocommus sp. n. 8. Holotype whole-mount (ventral); 9. Hook; 10. Hook 4A; 11. Male copulatory organ (MCO); Anacanthorus maratininguensis sp. n. 12. MCO; 13. Hook; 14. 4A hooks; 15. Holotype whole-mount (ventral). Fig. 8 scale of 50µm; Figs. 9–10 scale of 10µm; Fig. 11 scale of 25µm; Figs. 12–14 scale of 25µm; Fig. 15 scale of 50µm.

FIGURES 16–19 in New species of Anacanthorus (Dactylogyridae: Anacanthorinae) from the gills of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Erythrinus erythrinus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) of the coastal drainage in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

FIGURES 16–19. Anacanthorus lacinimentulatus sp. n. 16. Holotype whole-mount (ventral); 17. Male copulatory organ (MCO); 18. 4A hooks; 19. Hook. Fig. 16 scale of 50µm; Fig. 17 scale of 25µm; Figs. 18–19 scale of 10µm.

FIGURES 1–7 in New species of Anacanthorus (Dactylogyridae: Anacanthorinae) from the gills of Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Erythrinus erythrinus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) of the coastal drainage in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

FIGURES 1–7. Anacanthorus scyphophallus sp. n. 1. Holotype whole-mount (ventral); 2. Male copulatory organ (MCO); 3. Hook. Anacanthorus ataidei sp. n. 4. MCO; 5. Hook; 6. 4A hooks; 7. Holotype whole-mount (ventral). Fig. 1 scale of 50µm; Figs. 2–3 scale of 25µm; Fig. 4 scale of 25µm; Figs. 5–6 scale of 10µm; Fig. 7 scale of 50µm.

Fig. 3 in New species of Pyrrhulina (Teleostei: Characiformes: Lebiasinidae) from the eastern Amazon, Pará, Brazil

Fig. 3. Scatterplot of caudal peduncle depth versus SL in males and females of Pyrrhulina capim, new species. Lines represent the 95% confidence intervals.

Fig. 1 in New species of Pyrrhulina (Teleostei: Characiformes: Lebiasinidae) from the eastern Amazon, Pará, Brazil

Fig. 1. Lateral view of Pyrrhulina capim, new species, rio São José, Bragança, Pará, Brazil. a. holotype, UFRGS 27300, 54.4 mm SL, male; b. paratype, UFRGS 25562, 40.4 mm SL, female.

Fig. 2 in New species of Pyrrhulina (Teleostei: Characiformes: Lebiasinidae) from the eastern Amazon, Pará, Brazil

Fig. 2. Lateral view of: a. Pyrrhulina australis, MCP 39259, 38.8 mm SL, male, Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil; b. Pyrrhulina brevis, INPA 27819, 56.3 mm SL, male, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; c. Pyrrhulina elongata, MPEG 26568, 30.6 mm SL, male, Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil; d. Pyrrhulina filamentosa, MHNLS 14282, 59.5 mm SL, female, Essequibo River, Guiana; e. Pyrrhulina eleanorae, FMNH 113654, 39.7 mm SL, male, Rio Napo, Ecuador; f. Pyrrhulina obermulleri, ANSP 152043, 37.2 mm SL, male, Maynas, Peru; g. Pyrrhulina stoli, USNM 66254, 60.8 mm SL, female, upper Potaro river, Guyana; h. Pyrrhulina spilota, USNM 197523, 52.7 mm SL, male, Loreto, Peru; i. Pyrrhulina semifasciata, MCP 37466, 56.7 mm SL, female, Loreto, Peru; j. Pyrrhulina cf. maxima, MPEG 19120, 50.4 mm SL, male, Rio Amazonas, Brazil; k. Pyrrhulina zigzag, FMNH 94556, 35.6 mm SL, male, Rio Napo, Ecuador.

Fig. 4 in New species of Pyrrhulina (Teleostei: Characiformes: Lebiasinidae) from the eastern Amazon, Pará, Brazil

Fig. 4. Map of northern portion of South America, with the distribution of Pyrrhulina capim, new species. The polygons represent the localities of the holotype and paratypes.

Fig. 7. A in Integrative taxonomy reveals two new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Maracaçumé and middle Tocantins River basins, Eastern Amazon region

Fig. 7. A. Bayesian Inference phylogenetic tree (BI). B. Detached relationships between members of the of the Hyphessobrycon copelandi clade. Numbers above and below branches are posterior probability values, and red letters correspond to synapomorphic nucleotide substitutions listed in Appendix 2.

Fig. 1 in Integrative taxonomy reveals two new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Maracaçumé and middle Tocantins River basins, Eastern Amazon region

Fig. 1. Hyphessobrycon frickei Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov., holotype (CICCAA 02363), 18.8 mm SL; Brazil: Maranhão State: Maracaçumé River basin.

Fig. 6 in Integrative taxonomy reveals two new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Maracaçumé and middle Tocantins River basins, Eastern Amazon region

Fig. 6. Hyphessobrycon geryi Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov. (CICCAA 02402), 23.2 mm SL. Jaw suspensory. A. Premaxillary. B. Maxilla. C. Dentary. Scale bar: 1 mm

Fig. 4 in Integrative taxonomy reveals two new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Maracaçumé and middle Tocantins River basins, Eastern Amazon region

Fig. 4. Hyphessobrycon geryi Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov., holotype (CICCAA 02403), 28.3 mm SL; Brazil: Maranhão State: Lower Tocantins River basin.

Fig. 3 in Integrative taxonomy reveals two new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Maracaçumé and middle Tocantins River basins, Eastern Amazon region

Fig. 3. Geographical distribution of Hyphessobrycon frickei Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov. and H. geryi Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov. Red star denotes holotype and blue circle denotes paratypes of H. frickei Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov. whereas white star denotes holotype and the black circles denote paratypes of H. geryi Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov.

Fig. 5 in Integrative taxonomy reveals two new cryptic species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin, 1908 (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Maracaçumé and middle Tocantins River basins, Eastern Amazon region

Fig. 5. Hyphessobrycon geryi Guimarães, Brito, Bragança, Katz & Ottoni sp. nov., paratype (CICCAA 02348), 22.7 mm SL; Brazil: Maranhão State: Lower Tocantins River basin; living specimen photographed immediately after collection.