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332 results for “environmental conditions”
BMF CP 101: The influence of engaging children with nature interactions to pro-environmental behaviors under different conditions
<p><span>The current study is conducted to examine the following research questions:</span></p> <ul> <li><span>How is engaging children with nature interactions associated with their pro-environmental behaviors?</span></li> <li><span>Is the association between engaging children with nature interactions and their pro-environmental behaviors conditional on the children’s sex?</span></li> <li><span>Is the association between engaging children with nature interactions and their pro-environmental behaviors conditional on the children’s grades?</span></li> <li><span>Is the association between engaging children with nature interactions and their pro-environmental behaviors conditional on the children’s family income?</span></li> <li><span>Is the association between engaging children with nature interactions and their pro-environmental behaviors conditional on the frequency of environmental discussion with parents?</span></li> </ul>
Supplementary Material for the paper entitled "Identifying Difficult Environmental Conditions with Scenario-based Hazard and Fault Analysis"
<p>This dataset is a supplementary material for the paper entitled "Identifying Difficult Environmental Conditions with Scenario-based Hazard and Fault Analysis", accepted by SafeComp Workshop SASSUR 2024.</p> <p>The file will be uploaded after a publication process is accomplished.</p> <p>Update: list of triggering conditions is uploaded on 14.10.2024</p>
Supplementary data to: Characterizing regional oceanography and bottom environmental conditions at two contrasting sponge grounds on the northern Labrador Shelf.
<p>Supplementary data to the article: </p> <p><strong>Characterizing regional oceanography and bottom environmental conditions at two contrasting sponge grounds on the northern Labrador Shelf.</strong></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>Published in Biogeosciences in 2024: https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5407/2024/</p> <p><a href="https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/5407/2024/">BG - Characterizing regional oceanography and bottom environmental conditions at two contrasting sponge grounds on the northern Labrador Shelf</a></p> <p>DOI : https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5407-2024</p> <p>Abstract: </p> <p>Deep-sea sponge grounds are distributed globally and are considered hotspots of biological diversity and biogeochemical cycling. To date, little is known about the environmental conditions that allow high sponge biomass to develop in the deep sea. Here, we characterize oceanographic conditions at two contrasting sites off the northern Labrador Shelf with high- and low-sponge-biomass. Data were collected by year-long benthic lander deployments equipped with current meters, a turbidity and chlorophyll-<em>a</em> measuring device, and a sediment trap. Additionally, regional oceanography was described by analyzing vertical conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts, Argo float profiles, and surface buoy drifter data for the northern Labrador Shelf from 2005 to 2022. Stable isotopic composition of benthic fauna was determined to investigate food web structure at the sponge grounds. Our results revealed strong (0.26 ± 0.14 m s<sup>-1</sup>; mean ± SD) semidiurnal tidal currents at the high-sponge-biomass site, but twofold weaker currents (0.14 ± 0.08 m s<sup>-1</sup>; mean ± SD) at the low-sponge-biomass site. Tidal analysis suggests that, at the high-sponge-biomass site, kinetic energy is dissipated from barotropic tide to baroclinic tide/turbulence, which could enhance food availability for benthic organisms. Bottom nutrient concentrations were elevated at the high-sponge-biomass site which would benefits growth in deep-sea sponges. Organic matter flux to the seafloor was increased at the high-sponge-biomass site and consisted of fresher material. Finally, both sponge grounds demonstrated tight benthic-pelagic coupling prior to the onset of stratification. Stable isotope signatures indicated that soft corals (<em>Primnoa resedaeformis</em>) fed on suspended particulate organic matter, while massive sponges (<em>Geodia</em> spp.) likely utilized additional food sources. Our results imply that benthic fauna at the high-sponge-biomass site benefit from strong tidal currents, which increases food supply, and favourable regional ocean currents that increase nutrient concentration in bottom waters.</p>
Effect of Environmental Weathering on Biodegradation of Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films under Ambient Soil and Composting Conditions
<p>Plastic mulch films contribute to better crop production. Concerns for lack of sustainable disposal methods for conventional polyethylene (PE) mulch led to development of biodegradable plastic mulches (BDMs) that can be soil-incorporated or composted after use. Environmental weathering of BDMs during crop growth reduces their mechanical strength and alters the molecular structure of their polymeric components. However, the impact of weathering on BDMs' biodegradability is not fully understood. The biodegradability of agriculturally weathered and unweathered BDMs in soil and compost was compared using standardized laboratory tests (ASTM D5988 and D5338) using four BDMs (experimental polylactic acid and polyhydroxyalkanoate-based film [PLA/PHA] and three commercially available polybutyrate [PBAT]-based BDMs). In soil, biodegradation of weathered PLA/PHA was greater than its unweathered counterpart. For PBAT-based BDMs, the extent of biodegradation varied. A decrease of the weight-averaged molecular weight (M<sub>w</sub>) of PBAT and PLA and thermostability of PLA, PHA, PBAT, and starch components was observed during biodegradation in the soil. The proportion of the minor components PHA and starch decreased during biodegradation, indicating preferential utilization of PHA over PLA and starch over PBAT by microbes. Bacterial abundance was significantly higher than fungal abundance in soil and was more prominent in soil adjacent to weathered than unweathered BDM treatments. Under composting conditions, unweathered PBAT-enriched mulches yielded higher CO<sub>2</sub> evolution than their weathered counterpart. Together, these results suggest that environmental weathering enhances biodegradation of BDMs and mulch's polymeric constituents also influence the microbial degradation, more so for bacterial than fungal communities.</p>
Environmental change reduces body condition, but not population growth, in a high-arctic herbivore
Environmental change influences fitness-related traits and demographic rates, which in herbivores are often linked to resource-driven variation in body condition. Coupled body condition-demographic responses may therefore be important for herbivore population dynamics in fluctuating environments, such as the Arctic. We applied a transient Life-Table Response Experiment ('transient-LTRE') to demographic data from Svalbard barnacle geese (<i>Branta leucopsis</i>), to quantify their population-dynamic responses to changes in body mass. We partitioned contributions from direct and delayed demographic and body condition-mediated processes to variation in population growth. Declines in body condition (1980-2017), which positively affected reproduction and fledgling survival, had negligible consequences for population growth. Instead, population growth rates were largely reproduction-driven, in part through positive responses to rapidly advancing spring phenology. The virtual lack of body condition-mediated effects indicates that herbivore population dynamics may be more resilient to changing body condition than previously expected, with implications for their persistence under environmental change.
Severe environmental conditions create severe conflicts? A novel ecological pathway to extreme coyote attacks on humans
<p>1) Identifying the circumstances and causes of carnivore attacks on humans is important for prevention of future incidents as well as employing effective wildlife management strategies. Cape Breton Highlands National Park (CBHNP) in Nova Scotia has experienced multiple attacks by coyotes (Canis latrans) on humans, including a fatal attack on an adult in 2009.</p> <p>2) Here we use a combination of data on space use and diet collected from 2011–2013 to reveal that limited resources and a reliance on a large ungulate (moose, Alces americanus) as the mechanism leading to aggression by coyotes in CBHNP.</p> <p>3) Resident coyotes exhibited large home range sizes (mean=77.5 km2) indicative of limited resources and spatiotemporal avoidance of human activity. Carbon (d13C) and nitrogen (d15N) isotope values of sub-sampled coyote whiskers (n=32), which provide a longitudinal record of diet over the months before collection, revealed little intra- and inter-individual variation with nearly all individuals specializing on moose, a pattern that agrees with indices of natural resource availability. Specifically, stable isotope mixing models show that moose was the most important prey for most coyotes (25/32), representing between 41% and 78% of dietary inputs. Only four coyotes exhibited use of anthropogenic resources (food), and only one of seven coyotes involved in attacks on people had been consuming human foods before the attacks.</p> <p>4) Synthesis and Applications: We have described a unique ecological system in which a generalist carnivore has expanded its niche to specialize on a large prey species, with the unfortunate consequence of also expanding pathways to conflicts with people. Our results suggest extreme unprovoked predatory attacks by coyotes on people are likely to be quite rare and associated with unique ecological characteristics. Extreme management actions such as bounties are unnecessary, but managers may need to employ hazing or lethal removal earlier in the conflict process than under normal circumstances. Also, users of these areas should be made aware of the risks coyotes pose and encouraged to take precautions. </p>
Effects of the environmental conditions and seasonality on a population survey of the Andean Condor Vultur gryphus in the tropical Andes
<p>Script, datasets, and other supplementary material in Márquez-Alvis et al. 2023 PeerJ.<br> <br> <strong>Background:</strong> Among the New World vultures, the Andean Condor is considered one of the most culturally and ecologically important species. However, their populations are declining over their entire distributional range. In response, conservation strategies have been implemented in many countries to reverse the increasing extinction risk of this species. The initiatives rely on extensive population surveys to gather basic information necessary to implement policies and to intervene efficiently. Still, there is a need to standardize the surveys based on seasonality and suitable environmental conditions throughout the species distribution. Here, we provide the first assessment of how daily temperature, rainfall, and seasonality influence surveys of Andean Condors on a communal roost in the central Peruvian Andes.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Using an autoregressive generalized linear model, we associated environmental variables with visual surveys of adult and young condors at three different times of the day and three times a week between June 2014 and March 2015.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We found that both adults and young Andean Condors showed a threefold reduction in the use of the communal roost after the beginning of the rainy season. Colder and drier days (dry season) are preferable for surveying, as we expect the total number of condors using communal roosts to reduce under rainy (rainfall = -0.53 ± 0.16) and warmer days (temperature= - 0.04 ± 0.02) days. Therefore, the significant variation in the use of roosts across seasons and hours should be carefully accounted for in national surveys, at the risk of undermining the full potential of the communal roost surveys. Moreover, we also found a strong bias towards immatures (about 76%) in the adult:immature ratio and a remarkable absence of Andean Condors during the wet season. These results suggest that the species might be using other unknown communal roosts hierarchically. Such results provide key information for selecting priority areas for conservation and selecting the best time to survey this species in the tropical Andes. Finally, it may open a fruitful avenue for further research on the protection of the Andean Condor.</p>
Spring arrival of the common cuckoo at breeding grounds is strongly determined by environmental conditions in tropical Africa
<p>Failure to adapt migration timing to changes in environmental conditions along migration routes and at breeding locations can result in mismatches across trophic levels, as occurs between the brood parasitic common cuckoo <em>Cuculus</em> <em>canorus</em> and its hosts. Using satellite tracking data from 87 male cuckoos across 11 years, we evaluate why the cuckoo has not advanced its arrival to the UK. Across years, breeding ground arrival was primarily determined by timing of departure from stopover in West Africa before northward crossing of the Sahara. Together with high population synchrony and low apparent endogenous control of this event, this suggests that a seasonal ecological constraint operating here limits overall variation in breeding grounds arrival, although this event was itself influenced by carry-over from timing of arrival into tropical Africa. Between-year variation within individuals was, in contrast, mostly determined by northward migration through Europe, likely due to weather conditions. We find evidence of increased mortality risk for a) early birds following migration periods positively impacting breeding grounds arrival, and b) late birds, possibly suffering energy limitation, after departure from the breeding grounds. These results help identify areas where demands of responding to global change can potentially be alleviated by improving stopover quality.</p>
Socioeconomic and environmental indicators of health and health condition for 77 districts of the Czech Republic (2001–2003 and 2016–2019)
<p>The dataset comprises 60 health indicators categorized into seven groups (A.1 to A.7), consisting of a total of 36 health determinants. Additionally, there is one category (B.1) specifically for health conditions, containing 24 health indicators. This dataset was created for 77 regions in the Czech Republic, including 76 districts (LAU1) and the capital city of Prague. The data were extracted from official sources, namely the Czech Statistical Office, the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, and the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. The dataset covers two time periods: 2001–2003 and 2016–2019.</p>
Intraspecific variation among Chinook salmon populations indicates physiological adaptation to local environmental conditions
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The importance of environmental conditions in maintaining lineage identity in Epithelantha (Cactaceae)
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Data from: Whole-seedling trait adjustments of mountain birch under contrasting environmental conditions
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Contributions of environmental conditions and sound characteristics to differences in perceptibility: Recommendations for passive acoustic monitoring
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Effect of Environmental Weathering on Biodegradation of Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Films under Ambient Soil and Composting Conditions
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Data supporting: Environmental RNA degrades more rapidly than environmental DNA across a broad range of pH conditions
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Data from: Environmental conditions differently shape leaf, seed and seedling trait composition between and within elevations of tropical montane forests
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Data from: Nature versus nurture: Structural equation modeling indicates that parental care does not mitigate consequences of poor environmental conditions in Eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis)
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Supplementary material data for: Unstable environmental conditions constrain the fine-tune between opsin sensitivity and underwater light in an Amazon forest stream fish
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Data from: Pliant pathogens: Estimating viral spread when confronted with new vector, host, and environmental conditions
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Shorebird feeding specialists differ in how environmental conditions alter their foraging time
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.