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384 results for “epiphyte”
Demographic study of a tropical epiphytic orchid with stochastic simulations of hurricanes, herbivory, episodic recruitment, and logging
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Epiphytic lichen surveys on 12 valleywide plots in Hubbard Brook 2016
Using the USFS FIA lichen indicator protocol we inventoried 12 valleywide plots of mixed broadleaf and conifer tree composition over an elevation gradient to examine patterns of lichen abundance and diversity in the valley and their possible correspondence to air pollution indices and landscape variables. The surveys were conducted as part of an NSF funded LTER REU project by Aílis Clyne in 2016. Voucher specimens from this study were deposited at the Cornell Plant Pathology Herbarium (CUP) and the results published in the Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. An analysis of these data can be found in: Natalie L. Cleavitt, Ailís B. Clyne, Timothy J. Fahey "Epiphytic macrolichen patterns along an elevation gradient in the White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire," The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 146(1), 8-17, (21 January 2019)
Giant Kelp Microbiome Altered in the Presence of Epiphytes
This data package includes data tables documenting microbial community on kelp blades as well as surrounding water column, and R script that analyzes diversity of the microbiomes in kelp forests. Samples were collected using stand up paddle boards at two kelp beds in the Santa Barbara Channel: Arroyo Quemado (AQ: 34° 28.127′ N, 120° 07.285′ W) and Mohawk Reef (MR; 34° 23.660′ N, 119° 43.800′ W) from May to August, 2018. Seawater samples were also collected as part of this project and to compare kelp microbiomes to microbial communities in the surrounding water column. The raw sequencing reads were archived in the Sequence Read Archive data repository through NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA612503) This work was conducted by AK James, CJ English, N Nidzieko, CA Carlson, and EG Wilbanks. This data package is a mirror of a GitHub project: https://github.com/ajamesk10/KELP_SBC_16S_2018
Data from: Vascular epiphytes show low physiological resistance and high recovery capacity to episodic, short-term drought in Monteverde, Costa Rica
<ol> <li>Tropical montane cloud forests support abundant epiphytic vascular plant communities that serve important ecosystem functions, but their reliance on atmospheric inputs of water may make them susceptible to the drying effects of rising cloud bases and more frequent droughts.</li> <li>We conducted a common garden experiment to explore the combined effects of decreasing cloud influence—lower humidity, warmer temperature, brighter light—and meteorological drought (i.e., absence of rain) on the physiology and morphology of vascular epiphytes native to primary forests of Monteverde, Costa Rica. The epiphytes, which exhibited C<sub>3</sub> photosynthesis, were sourced from a lower montane cloud forest (CF) or a rainforest below the current cloud base (RF) and transplanted into nearby shadehouses (CF or RF shadehouse, respectively). Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and light availability, measured as photosynthetically active radiation, were 2.5 and 3.1 times higher in the RF than the CF shadehouse. Half of the plants were subjected to a severe four-week drought followed by a recovery period, and the other half were watered controls.</li> <li>Plants subjected to low VPD/light conditions of the CF shadehouse were physiologically and morphologically resistant to the drought treatment. However, compared to control plants, both sources of plants subjected to high VPD/light conditions of the RF shadehouse experienced declines in maximum net photosynthesis (A<sub>max</sub>), stomatal conductance (g<sub>s</sub>), and the proportion of healthy leaves (those not exhibiting chlorosis, desiccation, or necrosis). At peak drought, leaves from the RF were 19% thinner than controls. Within 7-14 days after rewatering, A<sub>max</sub>, g<sub>s</sub>, and leaf health recovered to nearly the levels of controls. Growth rate, mortality, and phenology were unaffected by the treatments.</li> <li>The divergent responses to drought in the CF versus RF shadehouses, combined with the recovery in the RF shadehouse, indicate that these epiphytes possess adaptive properties that confer low resistance, but high recovery capacity, to episodes of short-term drought over a range of cloud influence. In addition, the reduction in A<sub>max</sub> suggests stomatal regulation that favors water conservation over carbon acquisition, a strategy that may inform epiphyte responses to rising clouds and increasing drought frequency expected in the long term.</li> </ol>
Plant size and leaf traits for epiphyte species found in flooded gallery forests and non-flooded gallery forests in Central Brazil
<p>Despite their unique adaptations to thrive in canopy environments without access to soil resources, epiphytes are underrepresented in studies of functional traits and of functional composition of tropical plant communities. We investigated functional traits of spermatophytic (seed-bearing) C<sub>3</sub> and CAM epihyte communities in flooded and non-flooded gallery forests in Central Brazil. The two forest types differ in floristic, structure, microclimate and edaphic conditions. We studied plant size, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf C, N, P, K, Mg, Ca and C and N stable isotope ratios. Because photosynthetic pathway (C<sub>3</sub> or CAM) is an important aspect of ecologial differentiation of spermatophytic epiphytes, we expected that functional trait syndromes in a multivariate space would be more associated with photosynthetic pathway than forest type and changes in abundance of C<sub>3</sub> and CAM epiphytes would drive functional trait composition at the community level. C<sub>3</sub> and CAM epiphytes segregated in the multivariate trait space, however more complex functional typologies were also evident. Despite lower light levels, CAM epiphytes were more abundant in the flooded gallery forest. There, they accounted for 80% of all individuals, whereas C<sub>3</sub> epiphytes dominated in the non-flooded forest. These large differences in the proportion of C<sub>3</sub> and CAM epiphytes strongly affected functional trait values at the community level, despite very little intraspecfic variation in trait values between forest types for species that occurred in both forests. </p>
Data from: Spatially-explicit depiction of a floral epiphytic bacterial community reveals role for environmental filtering within petals
<p>The microbiome of flowers (anthosphere) is an understudied compartment of the plant microbiome. Within the flower, petals represent a heterogeneous environment for microbes in terms of resources and environmental stress. Yet little is known of drivers of structure and function of the epiphytic microbial community at the within-petal scale. We characterized the petal microbiome in two co-flowering plants that differ in pattern of ultraviolet (UV) absorption along their petals. Bacterial communities were similar between plant hosts, with only rare phylogenetically distant species contributing to differences. The epiphyte community was highly culturable (75% of families) lending confidence to the spatially-explicit isolation and characterization of bacteria. In one host, petals were heterogeneous in UV absorption along their length and in these there was a negative relationship between growth rate and position on the petal, as well as lower UV tolerance in strains isolated from the UV absorbing base than from UV reflecting tip. A similar pattern was not seen in microbes isolated from a second host whose petals had uniform patterning along their length. Across strains, variation in carbon utilization and chemical tolerance followed common phylogenetic patterns. This work highlights the value of petals for spatially-explicit explorations of bacteria of the anthosphere.</p>
Germination and epiphytic seed fungi on Festuca roemeri and Danthonia californica
<p>Demographic studies measure drivers of plant fecundity such as seed production and survival, but few address environmental drivers of seed viability, such as germination and dormancy. Variation in climate and seed type may both directly and indirectly alter seed germination via altered fungal pathogen abundance.</p> <p>We examined seed germination and microbial communities of seeds of <i>Danthonia californica</i>, which are either chasmogamous (external, wind-pollinated) or cleistogamous (internal, self-fertilized) and <i>Festuca roemeri</i>, which are solely chasmogamous. Seed populations were sourced across environmental gradients. We tested germination and characterized seed fungal community structure, using high-throughput sequencing.</p> <p>For <i>F. roemeri</i>, maternal plant significantly influenced germination as did climate and pathogens; germination increased in wetter, cooler sites. For <i>D. californica</i>, the main drivers of germination were maternal plant, seed type and pathogens; on average, more chasmogamous seeds germinated. Fungal composition depended on seed type, with fewer fungi associated with cleistogamous seeds. Seed fungal composition varied with climate, plant density and mean proportion of seeds germinated.</p> <p>Putative pathogens that were negatively correlated with germination were more abundant for both <i>Danthonia</i> and <i>Festuca</i> chasmogamous seeds than <i>Danthonia</i> cleistogamous seeds. In <i>D. californica</i>, cleistogamous and chasmogamous<i> </i>seeds contain vastly different fungal communities.</p>
Data from: Ecophysiology and phylogeny of new terricolous and epiphytic chlorolichens in a fog oasis of the Atacama Desert
The Atacama Desert is one of the driest and probably oldest deserts on Earth where only a few extremophile organisms are able to survive. This study investigated two terricolous and two epiphytic lichens from the fog oasis "Las Lomitas" within the National Park Pan de Azúcar which represents a refugium for a few vascular desert plants and many lichens that can thrive on fog and dew alone. Ecophysiological measurements and climate records were combined with molecular data of the mycobiont, their green algal photobionts and lichenicolous fungi to gain information about the ecology of lichens within the fog oasis. Phylogenetic and morphological investigations led to the identification and description of the two new lichen species Ramalina reichenbergeri and Acarospora conafii as well as the lichenicolous fungi that accompanied them and revealed the trebouxioid character of all lichen photobionts. Their photosynthetic response during natural scenarios such as reactivation by high air humidity and in situ fog events were compared to elucidate the activation strategies of this lichen community. Epiphytic lichens showed photosynthetic activity that was rapidly induced by fog and additionally during high air humidity whereas terricolous lichens were only activated by fog.
Vertical distribution of epiphytic lichens on Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl. in a remnant of cloud forest in the state of Veracruz, México
<p>It is considered that in the tropics, lichen richness and cover tend to increase from the trunk base to the top of the crown of trees. In this study we calculate total beta diversity of the lichen community along a vertical gradient on Quercus laurina. By comparing the richness and cover of the lichens by zone, we will be able to prove that the foliose and fruticose forms will be the minor component of the total lichen species richness; but with the highest cover with respect to the crustose lichens. Five zones were identified in each phorophyte (n=15) with a diameter at breast height > 40 cm. A total of 92 species were identified, of these, 38% were found only in a single zone, 51% were shared between the different zones, 11% occurred across all zones. Species richness and cover increased from the lowest to the highest zones of phorophytes. Dissimilarity in species composition between the zones, can be explained by species replacement. The Indicator Species Analysis revealed that only a few species such as Hypotrachyna vexans, H. cf. sublaevigata and Ramalina cf. sinaloensis preferred a particular zone. The results obtained to date show that the lichen community associated with Quercus laurina phorophytes is highly diverse. There is a high replacement of species across the different zones. Our results suggest that species richness and cover of the corticolous lichen community are related to the zone and the diverse growth forms.</p>
Pattern and driver of the compositional variations in a tropical cloud forest: Comparing vascular epiphytes with terrestrial woody plants
<p>β-diversity patterns (the compositional variations across sites) and their drivers are the major concerns of biodiversity research and conservation practices, whereas such information remains scarce for vascular epiphytes, especially in tropical forest communities. This study aimed to reveal the pattern and driving process of the compositional variations of vascular epiphytes in a tropical cloud forest on Hainan island, southern China, and their differences from those of terrestrial woody plants. To this end, we quantified their between-habitat compositional variations and distinguished the underlying components of β-diversity (nestedness and turnover). We then examined the relative roles of niche-based and neutral processes in driving the compositional variations by using a null model approach. Our results showed that the between-habitat compositional variations were significant for both plant assemblages and stronger in vascular epiphytes than in terrestrial woody plants. The turnover component of β-diversity was significantly stronger in terrestrial woody plants, accounting for 73.16%–80.08% of the variations. By contrast, the nestedness component was significantly stronger in vascular epiphytes and characterized 46.82%–67.5% of the variations. Besides, the compositional variations of both plant assemblages, especially terrestrial woody plants, were generally poorly fitted by the simulated niche-based scenarios but well fitted by the simulated neutral scenarios. Overall, the compositional variations of both plant assemblages were significant and mainly due to dispersal limitation, albeit to varying degrees. Hence, further studies of these plant assemblages at local scales should not be ideologically limited to the niche-based framework. Moreover, the stronger nestedness observed in vascular epiphytes suggests the greater importance of prioritizing conservation efforts in the species-rich habitats for these plants.</p>
Data from: Invasive submerged plant has a stronger inhibitory effect on epiphytic algae than native plant
<p>The invasion of submerged aquatic plants potentially results in a loss of native biodiversity in these ecosystems. There has been little attention paid to the impact of invasive submerged plants on epiphytic algal communities. We conducted a 30-day outdoor mesocosm experiment on the shore of subtropical Lake Liangzihu, China, to investigate the effects of two submerged plant species, an invasive species (<em>Elodea nuttallii</em>) and a native species (<em>Hydrilla verticillata</em>), on epiphytic algal communities. We also explored the relationship between macrophyte secondary metabolites and epiphytic algae by conducting a laboratory cultivation experiment. We give the raw dataste, including the specie data of abundance, epiphytic algal communities traits, and environmental parameters in the outdoor mesocosm experiment and laboratory cultivation experiment, and also including the data of plant traits.</p>
Figure 2 in Epiphytic Lichens In Latvian Manor Parks
Figure 2. Total number of lichen taxa by growth forms.
Leaf economics in a three‐dimensional environment: Testing leaf trait responses in vascular epiphytes to land use, climate, and tree zone
<p>1. The study of functional traits offers predictive power for community ecology. Particularly in cases where individual species are difficult to study, known properties of trait spectra, such as the leaf economics spectrum (LES), and trait-environment relationships can provide crucial generalizable information that can contribute to forecasts of distributional shifts in response to the abiotic effects of climate and land use changes.</p> <p>2. Vascular epiphytes have been proposed as indicators of environmental change, but we know little about the ecology of most species. Key functional trait assumptions are based on terrestrial plants; testing these in epiphytes verifies their universality and will inform applying functional traits in predicting epiphyte responses to climate and land use change.</p> <p>3. In this study, we use functional traits from 37 vascular epiphyte species from forests and shade coffee farms at two sites in northern Nicaragua. We compare correlations among traits and intraspecific trait variances with those of terrestrial plants and among epiphyte taxonomic groups. We also test trait responses to environmental differences between sites and land use types, and within zones of the tree.</p> <p>4. We find that epiphyte leaf traits fall toward the slower end of the LES, but with about one-third lower leaf nitrogen per change in specific leaf area (SLA) relative to terrestrial herbaceous plants. Bromeliads show less relationship between these traits than other epiphyte groups and also deviate in other trait interrelationships, suggesting unique leaf construction.</p> <p>5. Trait-environment relationships varied most strongly along vertical gradients within trees, but some traits, including SLA and carbon isotope ratio, also responded to land use and site differences.</p> <p>6. We present evidence that trait relationships established for terrestrial plants appear to translate to epiphytes, but identify some possible caveats. Strong trait response to vertical gradients within trees suggests that within-canopy shifts could provide resilience to climate and land use changes for some epiphyte species.</p>
Data from: Snail communities increase submerged macrophyte growth by grazing epiphytic algae and phytoplankton in a mesocosm experiment
<p><span>The relationships between producers (e.g., macrophytes, phytoplankton and epiphytic algae) and snails play an important role in maintaining the function and stability of shallow ecosystems. Complex relationships exist among macrophytes, epiphytic algae, phytoplankton and snails. We studied the effects of snail communities (consisting of <em>Radix swinhoei</em>, <em>Hippeutis cantori</em>, <em>Bellamya aeruginosa</em> and <em>Parafossarulus striatulus</em>) on the biomass of phytoplankton and epiphytic algae as well as on the growth of three species of submerged macrophytes (<em>Hydrilla verticillata</em>, <em>Vallisneria natans</em> and one exotic submerged plant, <em>Elodea nuttallii</em>) in a 90-day outdoor mesocosm experiment conducted on the shore of subtropical Lake Liangzihu, China.</span></p> <p><span>This dataset including morphological data of three group organisms: freshwater snails, macrophytes and epiphytic algae. In addition, the environmental parameters were included. </span><span>Morphological data of snails is including biomass (g) and number (ind.). Morphological data of macrophytes is including biomass (g). Epiphytic algae data is including abundance (<em>N</em>, cells). Phytoplankton data is including biomass (Chl-a, μg/L).</span></p>
Broad- and small-scale environmental gradients drive variation in chemical, but not morphological, leaf traits of vascular epiphytes
<p>Variation in leaf functional traits along environmental gradients can reveal how vascular epiphytes respond to broad- and small-scale environmental gradients. Along elevational gradients, both temperature and precipitation likely play an important role as drivers of leaf trait variation, but these traits may also respond to small-scale changes in light, temperature, and humidity along the vertical environmental gradient within forest canopies. However, the relative importance of broad- and small-scale environmental gradients as drivers of variation in leaf functional traits of vascular epiphytes is poorly understood. Here, we examined variation in morphological and chemical leaf traits of 102 vascular epiphyte species spanning two environmental gradients along Cofre de Perote mountain in Mexico: i) a broad-scale environmental gradient approximated by elevation as well as by species' lower and upper elevational limits, and ii) small-scale environmental gradients using the relative height of attachment of an epiphyte on a host tree as a proxy for variation in environmental conditions within the forest canopy. We also assessed whether variation in morphological and chemical leaf traits along these gradients were consistent across photosynthetic pathways (CAM and C<sub>3</sub>). Broad- and small-scale environmental gradients explained more variation in chemical traits (marginal R2: 11-89%) than in morphological traits (marginal R2: 2-31%). For example, leaf carbon isotope signatures (δ<sup>13</sup>C), which reflects water-use efficiency, varied systematically across both environmental gradients, suggesting a decrease in water-use efficiency with increasing lower and upper elevational limits and an increase in water-use efficiency with relative height of attachment. The influence of lower and upper elevational limits on trait variation differed between photosynthetic pathways, except for leaf dry matter content and leaf nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio. Contrary to our expectations, broad- and small-scale environmental gradients explained minimal variation in morphological leaf traits, suggesting that environmental conditions do not constrain morphological leaf trait values of vascular epiphytes. Our findings suggest that assessing multiple drivers of leaf trait variation among photosynthetic pathways is key for disentangling the mechanisms underlying responses of vascular epiphytes to environmental conditions.</p>
Amazonian epiphytic bryophytes: community matrix and tools to assess diversity across scales
<p><strong><em>Aim: </em></strong>Tropical forests are highly diverse at many spatial scales. In these forests, epiphytic bryophyte communities can be species-rich already within a few cm<sup>2</sup>, and their species numbers increase when expanding the sampling along the tree and the forest. Understanding how this diversity increase depends on scale and position within the tree is critical to evaluate the processes that maintain biodiversity. We, therefore, studied vertical zonation and alpha and beta diversity of epiphytic bryophytes across spatial scales ranging from 100-cm<sup>2</sup> quadrats to 24 trees up to 10 km apart.</p> <p><strong><em>Location:</em></strong> Tropical lowland forest in Yasuní National Park (Amazonian Ecuador).</p> <p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> We sampled epiphytic bryophytes in 100-cm<sup>2</sup> quadrats on 24 trees (15-22 sampling quadrats per tree), using a spatially hierarchical design. We applied ordination, indicator species analysis, linear mixed models, and beta partitioning to study alpha and beta diversity at different spatial grains and extents.</p> <p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> At the scale of quadrats, tree crowns held more bryophyte species than trunks. Contrastingly, all crown quadrats together held fewer species than all trunk quadrats together (77 vs. 93 species), as species turnover among trunk quadrats exceeded that among crown quadrats. Across spatial extents, species turnover consistently dominated beta diversity over nestedness. Beta diversity was higher between crowns and trunks within trees than among crowns of different trees at all studied scales, while beta diversity among trunks exceeded vertical diversity when considering all 24 trees.</p> <p><strong><em>Main conclusions:</em></strong> These bryophyte communities experience two distinct vertical zones, trunks and crowns, which differ more among them than trees up to 10 km apart. Still, high species turnover makes their species composition highly unpredictable, especially on trunks. Chance processes appear to play an important role in shaping these communities, although analyses at even finer spatial grains may identify the importance of fine-scale habitat filters and species interactions.</p>
New proposal of epiphytic Bromeliaceae functional groups to include nebulophytes and shallow tanks: functional traits and environmental variables data bases
<p>Data set contains two data files (two .xlsx files). The first data file contains records of functional traits from 204 Bromeliacea species, this records are separeted in two sheets, one with new data compiled from publications, original data and data messuered from herbarium specimens; the second sheed compiled data published by Heits et al., 2021, that was combined with sheet 1 data to carry out statistical analysis; this base also contains other sheets with refrences, contributors and sites of collection.The second data file contains environmental data obtand from bioclim, Terraclimate, Zomer et al. (2022) and FAO, such as vapor presure deficit, precipitation, aridity index, soil capacity to retein moisture, evapotranspiration, temperature and ecological zones from species records from GBif and herbarium georeferenced records. Records include references and contributors.</p>
Data from: Orchid trade at the source: Epiphytic species with conspicuous flowers in low-elevation forests are more locally collected in a Philippine key biodiversity area
<p>Orchids are the most heavily traded plant group globally, putting pressure on wild populations in many source countries like the Philippines. Despite its rich orchid diversity, there remains a notable gap in understanding the factors driving orchid trade within the country. To address this knowledge gap and support orchid conservation efforts, we utilized a five-year orchid diversity dataset extensively collected through floristic field and village garden surveys in one of the largest key biodiversity areas in the southern Philippines. We employed a trait-based approach to investigate ecological drivers of local orchid collection within this source area. Our results show that around 36% of local orchid diversity have predicted collection risks of ≥50%. Notably, locally collected orchid species exhibited multiple, large, and conspicuously colored flowers that are found in low-elevation forests and higher up in forest stratum. Elevational distribution and flower size emerged as the strongest predictors, potentially influencing collection preferences. Our analysis of predicted collection risks underscores the vulnerability of both threatened and non-threatened orchid species to local collection pressures. Moreover, we highlight the practical utility of our trait-based approach in predicting risks and informing management strategies for local orchid conservation. This research marks a significant step towards identifying ecological drivers influencing orchid trade at its source, providing insights that can inform targeted conservation strategies across many key biodiversity areas for this highly diverse, charismatic, and threatened plant family.</p>
Vascular Epiphytes of the South America Dry Diagonal (SADD)
<p>Dataset from the paper: Vascular Epiphytes of the South America Dry Diagonal: Characterizing Their Occurrence and Richness in this Neglected Region</p>
Fig. 1 in Epiphytic Lichen Diversity In Broad-Leaved Tree Forests In Latvia
Fig. 1. Location of studied forest stands.
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