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FIGURE 4 in A new species of bright-eyed treefrog (Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with comments on call evolution and patterns of syntopy in the Boophis ankaratra complex
FIGURE 4. In-situ photograph of Boophis boppa. (A) in-situ, specimen not collected. (B) close-up view of the eyes from the same individual.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of bright-eyed treefrog (Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with comments on call evolution and patterns of syntopy in the Boophis ankaratra complex
FIGURE 2. Dorsal view (right) and ventral view (left) of the Boophis boppa holotype (KU 336824) in preservative.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of bright-eyed treefrog (Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with comments on call evolution and patterns of syntopy in the Boophis ankaratra complex
FIGURE 7. Advertisement call comparative oscillograms of five-second sections in the Boophis ankaratra complex. Species shown are: (A) B. boppa; (B) B. miadana; (C) B. ankaratra; (D) B. schuboeae; and (E) B. haingana. The localities are the same as Fig. 6.
Fig. 4 in The on-off pattern in the evolution of the presence of bioluminescence in a derived lineage from fireflies of Mexico (Coleoptera, Lampyridae)
Fig. 4. Dorsal and ventral habitus of Lampyridae. (A) Ph. anisodrilus. (B) Ph. tlapacoyaensis. (C) Ph. juarezae. (D) Ph. kleriocaro. (E) Ph. lekoalois. (F) Ph. extenus. (G) Ph. producta. (H) Ph. aliceae. (I) Ph. congruus. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Fig. 6 in The on-off pattern in the evolution of the presence of bioluminescence in a derived lineage from fireflies of Mexico (Coleoptera, Lampyridae)
Fig. 6. Most parsimonious cladograms obtained under implied weighting with the evolution of male genitalia. Numbers in each node indicate jacknife values support (>50). The asterisk indicates the largest resolved clade common in both analyzes (weight and unweighted parsimony).
Fig. 5 in The on-off pattern in the evolution of the presence of bioluminescence in a derived lineage from fireflies of Mexico (Coleoptera, Lampyridae)
Fig. 5. Dorsal, ventral and lateral habitus of Photinus spp. (A) Ph. guatemalae. (B) Ph. palloentis. (C) Ph. viridianae. (D) Ph. sturmii. (E) Ph. phatyphallos. (F) Ph. dugesi. Lateral habitus of Photinus spp. (G–H) Ph. tlapacoyaensis (male and female). (I) Lateral habitus of Ph. viridianae. (J) lateral habitus of Ph. dugesi. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Fig. 3 in The on-off pattern in the evolution of the presence of bioluminescence in a derived lineage from fireflies of Mexico (Coleoptera, Lampyridae)
Fig. 3. Fronto-distal view of the male genitalia. (A) Ph. anisodrilus. (B) Ph. tlapacoyaensis. (C) Ph. juarezae. (D) Ph. kleriocaro. (E) Ph. lekoalois. (F) Ph. extensus. (G) Ph. producta. (H) Ph. aliceae. (I) Ph. congruus. (J) Ph. guatemalae. (K) Ph. palloenthis. (L) Ph. viridianae. (M) Ph. sturmii. (N) Ph. platyphallos. (O) Ph. dugesi. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Fig. 1 in The on-off pattern in the evolution of the presence of bioluminescence in a derived lineage from fireflies of Mexico (Coleoptera, Lampyridae)
Fig. 1. Dorsal habitus. (A) Macrolampis palaciosi. (B) Ellychnia corrusca. (C) Photinus extensus. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Fig. 2 in The on-off pattern in the evolution of the presence of bioluminescence in a derived lineage from fireflies of Mexico (Coleoptera, Lampyridae)
Fig. 2. Morphology of the aedeagus of Photinus extensus Gorham 1881. (A) dorsal. (B) ventral. (C) lateral views (Illustration: Guti´errez-Carranza).
data from: Color pattern diversity and evolution in Oriental velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Aculeata: Mutillidae)
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Fig. 7 in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)
Fig. 7. Ancestral state estimation and mapping of binary states of male A) male flagellar groove and B) fondal notch. Absent = no flagellar groove/no fondal notch, present = flagellar groove/fondal notch.
Fig. 4 in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)
Fig. 4. Maximum likelihood topology of Eremobatidae inferred using IQ-TREE 2 and the 75% occupancy concatenated UCE matrix with taxa that rendered>10 UCE loci with outgroups removed. Nodal support for major clades refer to maximum likelihood bootstrap values (ML) on the left and local posterior probabilities estimated based on gene tree quartet frequencies in ASTRAL (MSC) on the right.Tip colors illustrate generic designations as per current eremobatid taxonomy. Male (left column) and female (right column) structures of eremobatid species are shown on the right of the topology. Images are ordered phylogenetically. A) Eremochelis andreasana (♂, DMNS ZA.41919; ♀, DMNS ZA.40822). B) Hemerotrecha marathoni (♂, CNAN loan; ♀, CNAN loan). C) Hemerotrecha xena (♂, DMNS ZA.16469; ♀, DMNS ZA.42101). D) Eremochelis bilobatus (♂, DMNS ZA.17629; ♀, DMNS ZA.17359). E) Horribates spinigerus (♂, DMNS ZA.40086; ♀, AMNH_ Holotype). F) Chanbria regalis (♂, DMNS ZA.25443; ♀, DMNS ZA.25442). G) Hemerotrecha serrata (♂, DMNS ZA.16059; ♀, DMNS ZA.22169). H) Eremochelis flexacus (♂, DMNS ZA.16134; ♀, DMNS ZA.23593). I) Hemerotrecha parva (♂, DMNS ZA.42131; ♀, DMNS ZA.42131). J) Eremochelis larreae (♂, CASENT9033550; ♀, DMNS ZA.33721). K) Eremochelis insignatus (♂, DMNS ZA.28260; ♀, DMNS ZA.26390). L) Eremochelis striodorsalis (♂, DMNS ZA.31773; ♀, DMNS ZA.23593). M) Hemerotrecha californica (♂, DMNS ZA.18288; ♀, DMNS ZA.32217). All scale bars represent 1 mm.
Fig. 8 in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)
Fig. 8. Ancestral state estimation and mapping of Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) cluster membership onto our phylogram for ingroup male eremobatid species inferred from Elliptical Fourier coefficients for chelicerae. Character states 1−4 refer to the 4 distinct clusters in morphospace (Fig. 5B).
Fig. 1. Male chelicera variation from the family Eremobatidae. A in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)
Fig. 1. Male chelicera variation from the family Eremobatidae. A) Hemerotrecha parva (DMNS ZA.42131), B) Hemerotrecha macra (DMNS ZA.35652), C) Eremochelis branchi (DMNS ZA.38315), D) Eremochelis flexacus (DMNS ZA.16134), E) Chanbria regalis (DMNS ZA.25444), F) Eremorhax magnus (DMNS ZA.42055. Photograph credit: Cole Logan), G) Hemerotrecha hanfordana (DMNS ZA.37358), H) Horribates spinigerus (DMNS ZA.40086), I) Eremobates leechi (DMNS ZA.37070. Photograph credit: Quincy Hansen). All scale bars refer to 1 mm, except F, which refers to 2.5 mm.
Fig. 3 in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)
Fig. 3. Summary of the quantitative and qualitative traits considered in this study for eremobatid males and females. A) Right, retrolateral view of male Eremochelis insignatus (DMNS ZA.33749) chelicera. Measurements considered in this study are illustrated. B) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of papillated texturing inside flagellar groove of Eremochelis branchi (DMNS ZA.37135). C) SEM image of prolateral view of male fixed finger and associated flagellar groove belonging to Eremochelis branchi (DMNS ZA.37135). D) Right, retrolateral view of female chelicera of Hemerotrecha delicatula (DMNS ZA.41812) depicting the fixed finger tooth pattern and tip (apex) of fixed finger to fixed finger distal tooth (FF-to-FD) measure. Coloration and abbreviations follow Bird et al. (2015).Terminology abbreviations are FD = fixed finger, distal teeth, FSD = fixed finger, subdistal teeth, FM = fixed finger, medial teeth, FSM = fixed finger, submedial teeth, FP = fixed finger, proximal teeth. E) Operculum length, width, and diagonal measures on female Eremochelis plicatus (DMNS ZA.41887).
Fig. 2 in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)
Fig. 2. Female cheliceral morphology from representatives of the family Eremobatidae. A) Hemerotrecha delicatula (DMNS ZA.41812), B) Eremochelis striodorsalis (DMNS ZA.18968), C) Horribates spinigerus (AMNH Holotype), D) Chanbria rectus (DMNS ZA.25456), E) Eremochelis andreasana (DMNS ZA.40822), F) Hemerotrecha serrata (DMNS ZA.25449), G) Hemerotrecha sp. (CIDA107821), H) Hemerotrecha prenticei (DMNS ZA.18169), I) Eremochelis bilobatus (DMNS ZA.17685). All scale bars refer to 1 mm.
Fig. 6 in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)
Fig. 6. Ancestral state reconstruction of EFA coefficients. A) PC1 from the PCA of male chelicera EF coefficients and B) PC1 from the PCA of female opercula EF coefficients.
Fig. 5 in Camel spider trait evolution demonstrates repeated patterns of convergence (Arachnida: Solifugae: Eremobatidae)
Fig. 5. Morphospace plots based on PCA analysis of EF coefficients and GMM cluster assignments recovered from the first 3 PCs as input. Individuals with uncertain cluster membership are displayed in gray.Top row pertains to male chelicera, central row depicts female chelicera, and bottom row refers to female opercula. All PCA plots summarize PC1 and PC2 and illustrate: A) male cheliceral shape by genus, B) male cheliceral shape by cluster membership with mean shapes of each cluster to the right (cluster 1 was not supported after implementing the 0.95 uncertainty threshold), C) female cheliceral shape by genus, D) female cheliceral shape by cluster membership with mean shapes of each cluster to the right, E) female opercula shape by genus, F) female opercula shape by cluster membership with reconstructed operculum from the single opercula median shape. All shapes are not to scale.
Processes underlying complex patterns of song trait evolution in a Setophaga hybrid zone
During secondary contact between two species when hybrids are less fit than parents, mating signals are expected to diverge while aggressive signals are expected to converge. If a single signal trait is used in both mating and aggression, then the dynamics between these two forces could influence the evolutionary trajectory of that trait. We studied such a situation in an avian hybrid zone between two Setophaga species, where birdsong is used in both mate attraction and territory defense. We hypothesized that song modules of the two species will show separate and distinct geographic patterns due to the influence of selective pressures for effective territorial aggression and for effective mate attraction. We conducted geographic cline analyses and playback experiments across this hybrid zone. We found an unexpected geographical pattern of asymmetric introgression of song rhythm, which may be explained by results of the playback experiments that suggest that differences in song rhythm serve a greater role in mate attraction than in territory defense. In contrast, differences in syllable morphology show little evidence of importance in mate attraction or territorial defense. Song features converge in the hybrid zone, yet patterns of trait change suggest that the song production modules may vary in their modes of development and inheritance. Syringeal motor gesturing, which gives rise to syllable morphology, shows a non-clinal mosaic pattern, suggesting that this trait may be predominantly learned. In contrast, respiratory patterning, which forms song rhythm, shows a clinal geographic transition, suggesting that this trait could be more innate. The results indicate that opposing forces act independently on song via distinct modules of the song production mechanism, driving complex patterns of song trait evolution.
Phylogenomics resolves timing and patterns in the evolution of Australasian Cerambycinae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and reveals new insights into the subfamily-level classification and historical biogeography of longhorn beetles
<p><span><span><span><span>Cerambycinae is the second-largest subfamily of longhorn beetles in the Southern Hemisphere. The phylogeny of Cerambycinae is poorly known, resulting in a highly artificial tribal-level classification and a largely speculative evolutionary history. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Cerambycinae at the generic level using anchored hybrid enrichment data from hundreds of nuclear genes, with a primary focus on the extraordinarily diverse faunas of Australia and New Zealand. We also estimated divergence times by incorporating fossil calibrations in our analyses. We identified two main clades within Cerambycinae, which can also be separated morphologically by a distinct type of antennal foramen. We recovered a Late Jurassic origin of crown Cerambycinae. Dorcasominae, which was newly found to have representatives in Australia, was notably derived from within Cerambycinae. We recovered two independent origins of Australian Cerambycinae: one clade originated in the Early Cretaceous and is likely endemic to the Southern Hemisphere, while the other clade appears to have immigrated to Australia, perhaps from the Northern Hemisphere. Within the Australian lineages were multiple independent origins of New Zealand taxa, all of which are relative host-plant generalists. Tribal relationships and assignments are discussed and, based on our results, the following major nomenclatural acts were made: Dorcasominae Lacordaire, 1868, is downgraded to a tribe Dorcasomini of Cerambycinae Latreille, 1804; Neostenini Lacordaire, 1868 syn. nov. is treated as a junior synonym of Uracanthini Blanchard, 1851.</span></span></span></span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.