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121 results for “exotic plants”
Figures 68-76 from: Stonis JR, Diškus A, Remeikis A, Solis MA, Katinas L (2020) Exotic-looking Neotropical Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) and their host plants. ZooKeys 970: 117-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54801
Figures 68-76 Male genitalia of Astrotischeria atlantica sp. nov. 68, 69 inner process of uncus, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD969 70 uncus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD970 71 smaller lobes of uncus and tegumen, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD969 72 general view of capsule with phallus inside, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD969 73 phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD970 74 socii, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD969 75 dorsal lobes of valvae and anellus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD970 76 lateral view of capsule with phallus inside, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD969 (ZIN).
Figures 89-91 from: Stonis JR, Diškus A, Remeikis A, Solis MA, Katinas L (2020) Exotic-looking Neotropical Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) and their host plants. ZooKeys 970: 117-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54801
Figures 89-91 Female genitalia of Astrotischeria cornuata sp. nov. 89 paratype, genitalia slide no. AD981, general view 90 same, ovipositor lobes and apophyses 91 same, prela (ZIN).
Figures 1-9 from: Stonis JR, Diškus A, Remeikis A, Solis MA, Katinas L (2020) Exotic-looking Neotropical Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) and their host plants. ZooKeys 970: 117-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54801
Figures 1-9 Bionomics of Astrotischeria atlantica sp. nov. 1 habitat, elevation 5 m, La Paloma, Rocha Department, Uruguay 2–4 host plant Baccharis spicata (Lam.) Baill., Asteraceae5–9 leaf mines.
Figures 81-88 from: Stonis JR, Diškus A, Remeikis A, Solis MA, Katinas L (2020) Exotic-looking Neotropical Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) and their host plants. ZooKeys 970: 117-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54801
Figures 81-88 Male genitalia of Astrotischeria cornuata sp. nov. 81 uncus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD975, ventral view 82 same, lateral view 83 general view of capsule with phallus removed, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD522 84 same, focused on valvae, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD975 85 apex of phallus, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD975 86 general view of phallus, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD522 87 dorsal processes of valvae and pseudotranstilla, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD975, ventral view 88 same, lateral view (ZIN).
Figures 32-37 from: Stonis JR, Diškus A, Remeikis A, Solis MA, Katinas L (2020) Exotic-looking Neotropical Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) and their host plants. ZooKeys 970: 117-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54801
Figures 32-37 Bionomics of Paratischeria mesoamericana sp. nov. 32 habitat and host plant Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth., Asteraceae, elevation 1680 m, San Juan del Obispo, Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala 33–37 leaf mines with feeding larvae.
Figures 111-115 from: Stonis JR, Diškus A, Remeikis A, Solis MA, Katinas L (2020) Exotic-looking Neotropical Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) and their host plants. ZooKeys 970: 117-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54801
Figures 111-115 Female genitalia of Paratischeria suprafasciata sp. nov. 111 holotype, genitalia slide no. AD967, general view 112 same, coils of ductus spermathecae 113 same, fragment of corpus bursae 114 same, ovipositor lobes 115 same, apophyses and prela (ZIN).
Figures 127-137 from: Stonis JR, Diškus A, Remeikis A, Solis MA, Katinas L (2020) Exotic-looking Neotropical Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) and their host plants. ZooKeys 970: 117-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54801
Figures 127-137 Paratischeria neotropicana (Diškus & Stonis, 2015). 127 male genitalia, capsule with phallus inside, Rio Dulce, Guatemala, genitalia slide no. RA492 (USNM) 128 host plant Sida L., Malvaceae129 distribution map (for the localities see Material examined) 130–137 leaf mines, Coroico, Bolivia.
Data from: Use of an exotic host plant affects mate choice in an insect herbivore
The colonization of exotic plants by herbivorous insects has provided opportunities for investigating causes and consequences associated with the evolution of niche breadth. The butterfly Lycaeides melissa utilizes exotic alfalfa, Medicago sativa, which is a relatively poor larval resource, and previous studies have found that caterpillars that consume M. sativa develop into smaller and less fecund adults. Here we investigate the effect of smaller female body size on male mate preference, a previously unexplored consequence of novel host use. Smaller females, which developed on the exotic host, were less likely to be visited by males. This result was confirmed with a second set of choice tests involving females reared on a single plant species, thus ruling out host-specific confounding factors. We suggest that an effect on mate choice be considered as part of the complex suite of factors determining persistence of herbivorous insects following colonization of new habitats or resources.
Data from: Life in interstitial space: biocrusts inhibit exotic but not native plant establishment in semi-arid grasslands
1. Exotic plant species commonly exploit disturbances more successfully than native plants. This outcome is widely attributed to the fact that disturbance reduces biotic resistance from native plant competitors. However, biocrusts, communities of mosses, lichens and microorganisms, are a prominent component of semi-arid grasslands occurring in the interstitial spaces between vascular plants. Biocrusts may provide an important source of biotic resistance to invaders, different from native plant competition, but poorly understood. 2. We established a large-scale field experiment to examine how intact versus disturbed biocrusts influenced the emergence and establishment of four native and four exotic plant species in intermountain bunchgrass systems over two years - one wet and one dry. We also conducted a complementary greenhouse experiment to explore how differences in moisture might influence biocrust effects on germination. 3. In the greenhouse, biocrusts inhibited the germination of both native and exotic plants in the high moisture treatment only. In field experiments, biocrusts inhibited the overall emergence of exotic seedlings in the wetter of the two years and inhibited the establishment of exotic seedlings in both years, but they had no overall effect on the emergence or establishment of native seedlings. Our results demonstrate that intact biocrusts in intermountain grasslands can suppress the establishment of some exotic plants, but have much weaker effects on natives. They also suggest that water availability may influence biocrust effects on seed germination. 4. Synthesis. Our results indicate that intact biocrusts may provide an important source of biotic resistance to exotic plant invasions in intermountain grasslands. Furthermore, precipitation inputs may mediate biocrust effects on plant establishment.
Data from: Enhancing gardens as habitats for flower-visiting aerial insects (pollinators): should we plant native or exotic species?
1. Domestic gardens typically consist of a mixture of native and non-native plants which support biodiversity and provide valuable ecosystem services, particularly in urban environments. Many gardeners wish to encourage biodiversity by choosing appropriate plant taxa. The value of native and non-native plants in supporting animal biodiversity is, however, largely unknown. 2. The relative value of native and non-native garden plants to invertebrates was investigated in a replicated field experiment. Plots (deliberately akin to garden borders) were planted with one of three treatments, representing assemblages of plants based on origin (native, near-native and exotic). Invertebrates and resource measurements were recorded over four years. This paper reports the abundance of flower-visiting aerial insects ('pollinators') associated with the three plant assemblages. 3. For all pollinator groups on all treatments, greater floral resource resulted in an increase in visits. There was, however, a greater abundance of total pollinators recorded on native and near-native treatments compared with the exotic plots. Short-tongued bumblebees followed the same pattern whilst more hoverflies were recorded on the native treatment than the other treatments, and more honeybees on the near-native treatment. There was no difference between treatments in abundance of long-tongued bumblebees or solitary bees. The lack of difference in solitary bee abundance between treatments was probably due to a third of individuals from this group being recorded on one exotic plant species. 5. The number of flower visitors corresponded to the peak flowering period of the treatments, that is there were fewer flower visitors to the exotic treatment compared with the other treatments in early summer but relatively more later in the season. 5. Synthesis and applications. This experiment has demonstrated that utilizing plants from only a single region of origin (i.e. nativeness) may not be an optimal strategy for resource provision for pollinating insects in gardens. Gardens can be enhanced as a habitat by planting a variety of flowering plants, biased towards native and near-native species but with a selection of exotics to extend the flowering season and potentially provide resources for specialist groups.
Dataset: Predicting and validating the spread of an exotic clonal plant under the current and future climate
<p>This repository contains the files associated with the following article:</p><p>Francisco A. Guerra-Coss, Ernesto I. Badano, Jesus Sandoval-Martínez, Joel Flores, Jorge A. Flores-Cano, Felipe Barragán-Torres, José L. Flores-Flores "Predicting future habitat invasibility for an exotic clonal plant in Mexico using climate niche models validated with field experiments", submitted to <i>Journal of Plant Ecology</i>. </p><p><strong>Supplementary material 01 - Climatic niche model data </strong>is<strong> </strong>a Microsoft Excel file with two spreadsheets. The first spreadsheet contains the presence-only data (latitude and longitude coordinates) used to calibrate the climate niche model of <i>Kalanchoe delagoensis</i> in Mexico, the near-to-present values of the 19 bioclimatic variables associated with these data, and the Spearman correlation coefficients used to select the variables included in the model (selected variables are indicated in green). The second spreadsheet contains the one-thousand random geographic coordinates projected on Mexico used to assess whether climate change will modify habitat invasibility for this plant species. For these geographic coordinates, the corresponding current and future invasibility values (occurrence probabilities) are provided on three time periods (2041-2060, 2061-2081 and 2081-2100) at four radiative forcing levels each (2.6, 4.5, 7.0 and 8.5 W/m2).</p><p><strong>Supplementary material 02 - MaxEnt output summary </strong>is a WinRAR compressed file (*.rar) that contains the summary of the MaxEnt output that support the results of the climate niche model described in the article. For visualizing this information, download and decompress the file and, after that, open the file "<strong>Kalanchoe_delagoensis.html</strong>" in your web browser. </p><p><strong>Supplementary material 03 – Interactive maps </strong>contains<strong> </strong>interactive maps optimized for the latest desktop version of Google Earth which show the invasibility estimations performed with the climate niche model under the current and future climate. These maps are provided in different the folders. The folder "<strong>Current climate</strong>" shows the invasibility of habitats across Mexico for <i>Kalanchoe delagoensis</i> under the current climatic conditions. The following folders contain the invasibility predictions performed transferring the model to the climate change scenarios forecasted for three time periods (2041-2060, 2061-2081 and 2081-2100) at four radiative forcing levels each (2.6, 4.5, 7.0 and 8.5 W/m2). The maps corresponding to climate change scenarios also show the areas classified as climatically unsuitable in the multivariate environmental similarity surface analysis. Further, clicking on the name of each map displays a dialog box that contains the results of the regression analyses conducted to assess relationships between future and current invasibility values. Below this information, the corresponding regression figure is visualized, where the red line is the empirical relationship between variables estimated with the least-squares method, and the solid blue line is the theoretical relationship with intercept = 0 and slope = 1. </p><p><strong>Supplementary material 04 - Plantlet establishment experiment </strong>is a Microsoft Excel file with two spreadsheets that support the experimental results reported in the article. The first spreadsheet contains the microclimatic data (air temperature and rainfall) measured in controls under the current climate and plots in which climate change conditions were simulated (CCS plots) with open-top chambers and rainout shelters. These data are provided over 14-days periods. The second spreadsheet contains the survival data of <i>Kalanchoe delagoensis</i> plantlets in controls and CCS plots. In this spreadsheet, the word "established" indicates that the plantlet survived until the end of the field experiment (24/06/2020).</p>
Data from: Life in interstitial space: biocrusts inhibit exotic but not native plant establishment in semi-arid grasslands
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Data from: Enhancing gardens as habitats for flower-visiting aerial insects (pollinators): should we plant native or exotic species?
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Data from: Plant, herbivore and parasitoid community composition in native Nothofagaceae forests vs. exotic pine plantations
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Data from: Nitrogen deposition cancels out exotic earthworm effects on plant-feeding nematode communities
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Data from: Use of an exotic host plant affects mate choice in an insect herbivore
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An exotic herbivore reinforces competition between exotic and native plants
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Data from: Exotic plant species are locally adapted but not to high UV‐B radiation: a reciprocal multi‐species experiment
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation intensities differ among global regions, with significantly higher levels in the southern hemisphere. UV-B may act as an environmental filter during plant invasions, which might particularly apply to plant species from Europe introduced to New Zealand. Just like for any other abiotic or biotic filter, successful invaders can cope with novel environmental conditions via plastic responses and/or through rapid adaptation by natural selection in the exotic range. We conducted a multi-species experiment with herbaceous plants in two common gardens located in the species' 'native' and exotic ranges, in Germany and New Zealand, respectively. We used plants of German and New Zealand origin of eight species to test for adaptation to higher UV-B radiation in their new range. In each common garden, all plants were exposed to three radiation treatments: (i) ambient sunlight, (ii) exclusion of UV-B while transmitting ambient UV-A, and (iii) combined exclusion of UV-B and UV-A. Linear mixed-effect models revealed significant effects of UV-B on growth and leaf traits and an indication for UV-B-induced biomass reduction in both common gardens pointing to an impact of natural, ambient UV radiation intensities experienced by plants in the northern and in the southern hemisphere. In both common gardens, the respective local plants (i.e. German origins in Germany, New Zealand origins in New Zealand) displayed enhanced productivity and aboveground biomass allocation, thus providing evidence for recent evolutionary processes in the exotic range. Genetic differentiation between different origins in consequence of divergent local selection pressures was found for specific leaf area. This differentiation particularly hints at different selective forces in both ranges while only little evidence was found for an immediate selective effect of high UV-B intensities in the exotic range. However, reaction norm slopes across ranges revealed higher plasticity of exotic individuals in functional leaf traits that might allow for a more sensitive regulation of photoprotection measures in response to UV-B. During the colonization, New Zealand populations might have been selected for the observed higher phenotypic plasticity and a consequently increased ability to successfully spread in the exotic range.
Data from: Exotic plant species are locally adapted but not to high UV‐B radiation: a reciprocal multi‐species experiment
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Data from: Nutrient enhancement of allelopathic effects of exotic on native plant species
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