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337 results for “forest birds”
Spatial dataset of breeding bird territories in East-Estonian forested landscapes, 2020-2022
<p>Please cite this dataset as: <strong>Lõhmus, A. 2024. A high-precision dataset of breeding bird distributions in forested landscapes in Estonia. Data in Brief, 57, 111012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2024.111012</strong></p> <p>The dataset depicts the distribution of all breeding bird pairs across a 14.3 km2 area in East Estonia, along River Ahja. The area comprises three adjacent, mostly forested landscape plots (forest land 81%), of which one plot (A) was mapped in three years (2020-2022) and the others once (plot B in 2021; plot C in 2022). The bird data includes the most likely centroids of each nesting territory of each species (ideally, nest location) as interpreted from multiple records; all the field data have been collected and interpreted by the author. The fieldwork included standard multi-visit mapping of nesting territories (on average, 7–8 visits from April to July), and each bird data point (5398 in total) includes a spatial accuracy assessment. In total, 98 bird species were detected. The bird data are accompanied with map layers depicting the study area borders and forest stand descriptions to facilitate habitat and landscape analyses; the available formats are MapInfo 10.5, ESRI Shape File, and csv; the co-ordinates are WGS84. Detailed descriptions of the data are included in a separate uploaded text file. The data have been used for several publications as indicated in the Reference list, notably for habitat analyses of woodland birds (Certhia familiaris; Cuculus canorus; Lophophanes cristatus; Turdus viscivorus) and for assessing forest management impacts on bird assemblages. </p> <p>NOTE 19.07.2024: The following corrections are to be made (v2 coming soon; thus far please consider). 1) Birddata – one TETURO record missing in Plot C. 2) Birddata – one BONBON record (Pair ID 4379) under the species code TETBON. 3) Birddata_explanations – codes for field Type missing; should read as follows: Pinus = Pinus sylvestris dominated; Picea = Picea abies dominated; Con = Mixed conifer forest (≥80% in total); Mix = Conifer-deciduous mixture (neither ≥80%); Bet = Betula sp. dominated; Ainc = Alnus incana dominated; Aglu = A. glutinosa dominated; Ptre = Populus tremula dominated; Dec = Other deciduous forest (≥80% in total).</p>
Data from: Old-growth forests buffer climate-sensitive bird populations from warming
Aim: Habitat loss and climate change constitute two of the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide, and theory predicts that these factors may act synergistically to affect population trajectories. Recent evidence indicates that structurally complex old-growth forest can be cooler than other forest types during spring and summer months, thereby offering potential to buffer populations from negative effects of warming. Old growth may also have higher food and nest-site availability for certain species, which could have disproportionate fitness benefits as species approach their thermal limits. Location: Pacific Northwestern United States. Methods: We predicted that negative effects of climate change on 30-year population trends of old-growth-associated birds should be dampened in landscapes with high proportions of old-growth forest. We modelled population trends from Breeding Bird Survey data for 13 species as a function of temperature change and proportion old-growth forest. Results: We found a significant negative effect of summer warming on only two species. However, in both of these species, this relationship between warming and population decline was not only reduced but reversed, in old-growth-dominated landscapes. Across all 13 species, evidence for a buffering effect of old-growth forest increased with the degree to which species were negatively influenced by summer warming. Main conclusions: These findings suggest that old-growth forests may buffer the negative effects of climate change for those species that are most sensitive to temperature increases. Our study highlights a mechanism whereby management strategies to curb degradation and loss of old-growth forests—in addition to protecting habitat—could enhance biodiversity persistence in the face of climate warming.
Data for: The El Nino-Southern Oscillation dramatically reduces the frequency of reproduction and reproductive rate of a tropical forest bird
<p>Although climate change has been implicated in population declines of tropical forest birds, there is a critical lack of data on the mechanisms underlying these declines. Attempts to link climatic factors to variation in adult survival, fecundity, or nest success have been largely inconclusive. Recent community-scale analyses have suggested that tropical birds may be less likely to breed under adverse conditions, but long-term data on individual reproduction are needed to test this hypothesis. Here we leverage 12 years of data on a lowland forest bird, the greater ani (<i>Crotophaga major</i>), to investigate how demographic parameters vary with phase of the El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a major driver of climatic conditions in tropical wet forest. The likelihood of breeding and annual reproductive rate both decreased dramatically in El Niño-like years, with only 37.5% of adults attempting breeding in 2015 (a strong El Niño year). For birds that did breed, however, clutch size and daily nest predation rate were unaffected by climate. Of the local climate variables investigated, dry season length and the frequency of high temperatures were most closely associated with reproductive failure. These results indicate that El Niño conditions alter the demography of greater anis by reducing the likelihood of reproduction, a response that may be more widespread than currently recognized. We suggest that reduced reproduction under adverse conditions represents an important and understudied aspect of the life histories of tropical forest birds.</p>
The effect of flight efficiency on gap‐crossing ability in Amazonian forest birds
<p>We used this dataset to examine the role of flight efficiency on gap-crossing ability in Amazonian forest birds. We used data from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Projects on recaptures of banded birds in an Amazonian forest bisected by a road. For a total of 45 species, we estimated flight efficiency using the hand-wing index (a proxy for the wing's aspect ratio) and used it as a predictor of the probability of road crossing in phylogenetic binomial regression models. We found that flight efficiency was a strong predictor of road-crossing probability: species with high hand-wing indices crossed the road more frequently than those with low hand-wing indices. In contrast, other characteristics such as body mass, diet, flocking behavior, and foraging stratum did not show significant associations with road crossing probability. Our results suggest that proxies of flight efficiency such as the hand-wing index can be powerful tools for predicting the vulnerability of bird species to forest fragmentation.</p>
Shared predators between primate groups and mixed species bird flocks: The potential for forest-wide eavesdropping networks
<p>A <span><span><span><span>basic tenet of animal behavior is that animal groupings (e.g., schools of fishes or flocks of birds) are widely influenced by predators. Many studies have focused on communication between individuals within the same species or different species within a defined social group; but predators typically select from a number of different co-occurring species. To evaluate whether two distantly-related species with similar predators share vocal information regarding predator threats, we conducted a field experiment in the Amazonian rainforest involving an avian prey-species, a primate prey-species, and a shared predator. In our reciprocal field experiment, we elicited alarm calls from birds (Bluish-slate antshrikes, <em>Thamnomanes schistogynus</em>)<em> </em>and primates (Saddle-backed tamarins, <em>Saguinus fuscicollis</em>) by exposing them to a trained raptor (Bicolored Hawk, <em>Accipiter bicolor</em>). We then played all types of recorded alarm calls back to birds and tamarins, and measured 1) the time to respond (for both birds and tamarins), and 2) the distance moved across the substrate (for tamarins). Our results show that both birds and tamarins were significantly more likely to flee when hearing vocal alarms compared to a control (a common bird call, the Screaming Piha, <em>Lipaugus vociferans</em>), regardless of the species who produced the alarm. In addition, tamarins moved significantly more upon hearing bird alarm calls when compared to the control. We suggest that signals regarding shared predators may be highly valued across prey from distinct social groups. These data support the hypothesis that overlapping potential predators can drive communication between distinct prey groups, resulting in taxonomically diverse eavesdropping networks within tropical rainforests.</span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Acoustic indices estimate breeding bird species richness with daily and seasonally variable effectiveness in lowland temperate Białowieża forest
<p><span>Biodiversity monitoring is important to follow temporal changes of the environment. We examined whether acoustic indices can be used as a rapid and easy-to-apply tool for bird biodiversity estimation in one of the least changed European lowland forests – the Białowieża Forest.</span></p> <p><span>We collected soundscape recordings in early and late spring at 84 randomly chosen recording points. At each recording point, we analysed 72 1-min sound samples to evaluate how well acoustic indices predict bird species richness from the perspective of a single sound sample, single survey, and recording point, and how they follow the daily pattern of singing activity. For each 1-min sound sample, we prepared a list of vocalizing bird species and calculated three acoustic indices: Bioacoustic Index (BI), Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), and Acoustic Diversity Index (ADI)</span>.</p> <p><span>We found that from the perspective of a single 1-min sound sample, BI best predicts the bird species richness, independently of time in the season but variably across the day, while ACI and ADI showed weaker and seasonally and daily variable dependency. The correlation between each index and the number of bird species was stronger in the early survey than in the late survey. All acoustic indices followed daily bird activity patterns, yet they provided greater values before the peak of the species richness estimated by manual spectrogram scanning and listening to recordings.</span></p> <p><span>We showed that acoustic indices correlate moderately to strongly with the bird species richness obtained by manual spectrogram scanning and listening to recordings by humans. Therefore, acoustic indices can be used as a tool for rapid estimation of bird biodiversity in temperate forests. However, daily and seasonal variation in effectiveness of acoustic indices should be taken into account in the analysis.</span></p>
Effects of global change on bird and beetle populations in boreal forest landscape: an assemblage dissimilarity analysis
Aim <p>Despite an increasing number of studies highlighting the impacts of climate change on boreal species, the main factors that will drive changes in species assemblages remain ambiguous. We study how species community composition would change following anthropogenic and natural disturbances. We determine the main drivers of assemblage dissimilarity for bird and beetle communities.</p> Location <p>Côte-Nord, Québec, Canada.</p> Methods <p>We quantify two climate-induced pathways based on direct and indirect effects on species occurrence under different harvest management scenarios. The direct climate effects illustrate the impact of climate variables while the indirect effects are reflected through habitat-based climate change. We develop empirical models to predict the distribution of more than 100 species over the next century. We analyze the regional and the latitudinal species assemblage dissimilarity by decomposing it into<em> </em>'balanced variation in species occupancy and occurrence' and 'occupancy and occurrence gradient'. </p> Results <p>Both pathways increased dissimilarity in species assemblage. At the regional scale, both effects have an impact on decreasing the number of winning species. Yet, responses are much larger in magnitude under mixed climate effects (a mixture of direct and indirect effects). Regional assemblage dissimilarity reached 0.77 and 0.69 under mixed effects versus 0.09 and 0.10 under indirect effects for beetles and birds, respectively, between RCP8.5 and baseline climate scenarios when considering harvesting. Latitudinally, assemblage dissimilarity increased following the climate conditions pattern. </p> Main conclusions <p>The two pathways are complementary and alter biodiversity, mainly caused by species turnover. Yet, responses are much larger in magnitude under mixed climate effects. Therefore, the inclusion of climatic variables considers aspects other than just those related to forest landscapes, such as life cycles of animal species. Moreover, we expect differences in occupancy between the two studied taxa. This could indicate the potential range of change in boreal species concerning novel environmental conditions.</p>
Data for: Cavity-breeding birds create specific microhabitats for diverse arthropod communities in boreal forests
<p class="MsoNormal">The nests of secondary cavity-nesters located in tree cavities may form specific microhabitats of conservation importance due to their limited accessibility and availability. Species-specific nesting materials in nests of different secondary cavity-nesters may furthermore provide very different microhabitats for arthropods. The potential differences in arthropod communities inhabiting nests of different bird species in excavated cavities or nest boxes have, however, rarely been studied despite their relevance for conservation. Here we investigated the diversity and composition of arthropod communities in these different cavity types and bird species' nests in managed boreal forests. We identified morphologically and by DNA-metabarcoding arthropods in nest materials that were collected in and compared between i) woodpecker-size cavities from seven different combinations of cavity type (nest box or excavated cavity), tree species (aspen or pine) and accumulation history of nest materials (single-season cleaned or uncleaned nest boxes that accumulated nests of passerines or an owl species); and ii) nests of two different passerine species in small nest boxes. We identified 64 arthropod taxa in ten orders, from which Diptera, Coleoptera, Siphonaptera, and Lepidoptera were the most abundant. Shannon diversity index was similar among the cavity-nest-type combinations, but taxa richness was the highest in the owl nests. The arthropod communities (especially Histeridae beetles) deviated most from the other types of nests in owl and aspen cavity nests with more advanced decomposition of nest material (soil or wet environment-related taxa). The differences in arthropod communities between the different nest types point out the importance of the ecological chain "tree cavities – bird nests – arthropod communities".</p>
Dispersal limitation predicts the spatial and temporal filtering of tropical bird communities in isolated forest fragments
<p>The link between dispersal traits and patterns of community assembly remains a frontier in understanding how vertebrate communities persist in fragmented landscapes. Using experimental release trials and intensive field surveys of bird communities in fragmented forests of the Peruvian and Colombian Andes, we demonstrate that morphological traits related to movement (1) predict experimental flight performance and (2) exhibit dispersal-mediated environmental filtering at the community scale. After correcting for body size, four traits hypothesized to influence flight ability (wing length, wing pointedness, wing loading, and eye size) predicted distance flown across a hostile experimental landscape, with successful species having significantly longer pointed wings, carrying less mass per unit wing area (i.e., lower wing loading), and having smaller eyes. Species with larger eyes also displayed increased flight latency, potentially due to disability glare. At the community scale we detected a gradient of dispersal-mediated environmental filtering in fragments compared to reference forest within the same landscape, with relative differences in trait values explained by the temporal and spatial extent of patch isolation. In the Colombian landscape where fragments had been isolated for > 60 years, communities were filtered for species with long and narrow wings and small eyes, especially within the most spatially isolated fragments. We observed the opposite pattern in the more recently fragmented Peruvian landscape (15-30 years): communities within fragments tended to have shorter and more rounded wings compared to those in nearby contiguous forests, suggesting that dispersal-limited species accumulate in the initial years following patch isolation due to "restricted dispersal" and represent an extinction debt yet to be paid. Our results (1) experimentally validate the use of morphological traits as proxies for movement ability in fragmented landscapes, (2) demonstrate that visual acuity functions as a novel dimension of dispersal limitation, and (3) quantify how the spatial and temporal components of patch isolation produce a gradient in dispersal-mediated environmental filtering and extinction debt for communities inhabiting fragments.</p>
Differential utilization of surface and arboreal water bodies by birds and mammals in a seasonally dry Neotropical forest in southern Mexico
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Ecological and geographical marginality in rear edge populations of Palaearctic forest birds (data)
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Weak effects of birds, bats and ants on their arthropod prey on pioneering tropical forest gap vegetation
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Ecotones shape ground-dwelling mammal and bird diversity along a habitat gradient in the southern coastal dry forests of Vietnam
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Subarctic afforestation: effects of forest plantations on ground-nesting birds in lowland Iceland
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Data from: Upcycling in the Hawaiian Islands: Native forest birds commonly engage in nest material kleptoparasitism
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Climate change aggravates bird mortality in pristine tropical forests
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Dispersal limitation predicts the spatial and temporal filtering of tropical bird communities in isolated forest fragments
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Data for: The El Nino-Southern Oscillation dramatically reduces the frequency of reproduction and reproductive rate of a tropical forest bird
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Trait shifts in bird communities from primary forest to human settlements in Mexican seasonal forests: Are there ruderal birds?
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Birds and bats reduce herbivory damage in Papua New Guinean highland forests
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.