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371 results for “forest ecosystem”
Fig. 3 in Herpetofauna diversity in Zamrud National Park, Indonesia: baseline checklist for a Sumatra peat swamp forest ecosystem
Fig. 3. Eight of the 33 species found in this survey. (A) Limnonectes malesianus; (B) Leptobrachium nigrops; (C) Chalcorana parvaccola; (D) Pulchrana rawa; (E) Gonocephalus liogaster; (F) Cyrtodactylus majulah; (G) Cuora amboinensis; (H) Tropidolaemus wagleri.
Data and analysis code for Repo et al., "Contrasting forest management strategies: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services under changing climate and disturbance regimes"
<p>This repository contains analysis code and pre-processed data for the study "Contrasting forest management strategies: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services under changing climate and disturbance regimes" by Repo et al.<br>Data processing and analysis mainly done by Aapo Jantunen, Katharina Albrich<br>Due to respository space limitations, the original model outputs are archived in the Finnish "Allas" data storage service. For access, contact katharina.albrich@luke.fi<br>The code used to process the raw data is included here for reproducibility.</p> <p>If you are interested in using iLand, visit https://iland-model.org/ and https://iland-model.org/iland-book/ for information on using the model and a guide to setting up a landscape.</p> <p><span>This work was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry by funding project Future multifunctional forests and their disturbance risk in the changing climate (Foster) through the “Catch the Carbon” initiative (<span>project number VN/28654/2020)</span>. A.R. has been supported by the grant [TRACY Trade-offs and synergies in land-based climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation decision 322066 by the Academy of Finland.], J. H by the grant [CASCADE - Changing Disturbance Regimes and Forest Landscapes of Fennoscandia 342569 by the Academy of Finland]. </span></p> <p> </p>
Fig. 1 in Preliminary estimation of home range size for Meristogenys orphnocnemis, a common Bornean Ranid, in an altered forest ecosystem using radiotelemetry
Fig. 1. Section of stream in SAFE Project experimental site, known as logged forest edge (LFE) stream, where all radiotracking occurred.
Supporting biophysical data for "The ecosystem wilting point defines drought response and recovery of a Quercus-Carya forest"
<p>The data in this product support analyses in the paper titled "The ecosystem wilting point defines drought response and recovery of a Quercus-Carya forest".</p> <p>The data in this submission include leaf area index (LAI_MOFLUX_2008_2009_2012.csv) and soil water retention curves (MOFLUX_SWRC_data.csv).</p> <p><strong>Leaf area index</strong></p> <p>Each data record in LAI_MOFLUX_2008_2009_2012.csv consists of transect level mean single-sided leaf area index (LAI) values for 5 transects measured during the growing seasons of years 2008, 2009, and 2012. Records are uniquely identified by Year and DOY (day of year). Data were collected using a plant canopy analyzer (model LAI-2000). Data columns are defined by headers. Missing data are represented by values of -9999.</p> <p>Table 1. Header definitions of LAI_MOFLUX_2008_2009_2012.csv data file.</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Column</td> <td>Header name</td> <td>Definition</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Year</td> <td>Year of observation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>DOY</td> <td>Day of year of observation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>LAI_SE</td> <td>Mean LAI of southeast transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>LAI_S</td> <td>Mean LAI of south transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>LAI_SW</td> <td>Mean LAI of southwest transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>LAI_W</td> <td>Mean LAI of west transect</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>LAI_NW</td> <td>Mean LAI of northwest transect</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>Soil water retention curves</strong></p> <p>Soil water retention curves for two soil depth ranges (0-30 cm and >30 cm) are reported in MOFLUX_SWRC_data.csv. Soil samples were collected near the MOFLUX tower. Samples were evaluated periodically for soil water potential using a dewpoint potentiometer (Decagon Devices, Model WP4C) and a pressure plate as they dried over time.</p> <p>There are 4 columns of data in MOFLUX_SWRC_data.csv. The first two columns contain data for the 0-30 cm depth range, and the second columns contain data for the >30 cm depth range. Each curve is defined by volumetric water content (VWC, %) and soil water potential (SWP, MPa). Missing data are represented by values of -9999.</p> <p> </p>
Data for: Positive impact of postfire environment on bumble bees not explained by habitat variables in a remote forested ecosystem
<p>Bumble bees are important pollinators in temperate forested regions where fire is a driving force for habitat change, and thus understanding how these insects respond to fire is critical. Previous work has shown bees are often positively affected by the post-fire environment, with burned sites supporting greater bee abundance and diversity, and increased floral resources. The extent to which fire impacts variation in bumble bee site occupancy is not well understood, especially in higher latitude regions with dense, primarily coniferous forests. Occupancy models are powerful tools for biodiversity analyses, as they separately estimate occupancy probability (likelihood that a species is present at a particular location) and detection probability (likelihood of observing a species when it is present). Using these models, we tested whether bumble bee site occupancy is higher in burned locations as a result of the increase in canopy openness, floral species richness, and floral abundance. We quantified the impact of fire, and associated habitat changes, on bumble bee species' occupancy in an area with high wildfire frequency in British Columbia, Canada. The burn status of a site was the only significant predictor for determining bumble bee occurrence (with burned sites having higher occupancy); floral resource availability and canopy openness only impacted detection probability (roughly, sample bias). These findings highlight the importance of controlling for the influence of habitat on species detection in pollinator studies and suggest that fire in this system changes the habitat for bumble bees in positive ways that extend beyond our measurements of differences in floral resources and canopy cover.</p>
Data from: Reaching new heights: Arboreal ant diversity in a North American temperate forest ecosystem
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Risk response towards roads is consistent across multiple species in a temperate forest ecosystem
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Data from: Deer-mediated ecosystem service vs. disservice depends on forest management intensity
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Data for: Kelp forest loss and emergence of turf algae reshapes energy flow to predators in a rapidly warming ecosystem
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Data from: Urbanization strengthens vertical stratification of ant nutrient preferences in a temperate forest ecosystem
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Ecosystem engineers show variable impacts on habitat availability for cavity nesters in South American temperate forests
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Riparian forests and macroinvertebrates support multiple ecosystem processes across temperate and tropical streams
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Data for: Positive impact of postfire environment on bumble bees not explained by habitat variables in a remote forested ecosystem
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Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Forest Cover in the Gwynns Falls watershed from 1914 to 2004
Landscape structure in the Eastern US experienced great changes in the last century with the expansion of forest cover into abandoned agricultural land and the clearing of secondary forest cover for urban development. In this paper, the spatial and temporal patterns of forest cover from 1914 to 2004 in the Gwynns Falls watershed in Baltimore, Maryland were quantified from historic maps and aerial photographs. Using a database of forest patches from six times—1914, 1938, 1957, 1971, 1999, and 2004—we found that forest cover changed, both temporally and spatially. While total forest area remained essentially constant, turnover in forest cover was very substantial. Less than 20% of initial forest cover remained unchanged. Forest cover became increasingly fragmented as the number, size, shape, and spatial distribution of forest patches within the watershed changed greatly. Forest patch change was also analyzed within 3-km distance bands extending from the urban core to the more suburban end of the watershed. This analysis showed that, over time, the location of high rates of forest cover change shifted from urban to suburban bands which coincides with the spatial shift of urbanization. Forest cover tended to be more stable in and near the urban center, whereas forest cover changed more in areas where urbanization was still in process. These results may have critical implications for the ecological functioning of forest patches and underscore the need to integrate multi-temporal data layers to investigate the spatial pattern of forest cover and the temporal variations of that spatial pattern. Zhou, W., G. Huang, S. T. A. Pickett, and M. L. Cadenasso. 2011. 90 Years of Forest Cover Change in an Urbanizing Watershed: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics. Landscape Ecology 26:645–659. <ulink url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9589-z">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9589-z</ulink>.
Ecosystem-Scale Rainfall Manipulation in a Piñon-Juniper Forest at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico: Soil Temperature Data (2006-2013)
Climate models predict that water limited regions around the world will become drier and warmer in the near future, including southwestern North America. We developed a large-scale experimental system that allows testing of the ecosystem impacts of precipitation changes. Four treatments were applied to 1600 m2 plots (40 m × 40 m), each with three replicates in a piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniper monosperma) ecosystem. These species have extensive root systems, requiring large-scale manipulation to effectively alter soil water availability.  Treatments consisted of: 1) irrigation plots that receive supplemental water additions, 2) drought plots that receive 55% of ambient rainfall, 3) cover-control plots that receive ambient precipitation, but allow determination of treatment infrastructure artifacts, and 4) ambient control plots. Our drought structures effectively reduced soil water potential and volumetric water content compared to the ambient, cover-control, and water addition plots. Drought and cover control plots experienced an average increase in maximum soil and air temperature at ground level of 1-4° C during the growing season compared to ambient plots, and concurrent short-term diurnal increases in maximum air temperature were also observed directly above and below plastic structures. Our drought and irrigation treatments significantly influenced tree predawn water potential, sap-flow, and net photosynthesis, with drought treatment trees exhibiting significant decreases in physiological function compared to ambient and irrigated trees. Supplemental irrigation resulted in a significant increase in both plant water potential and xylem sap-flow compared to trees in the other treatments. This experimental design effectively allows manipulation of plant water stress at the ecosystem scale, permits a wide range of drought conditions, and provides prolonged drought conditions comparable to historical droughts in the past – drought events for whi
Ecosystem-Scale Rainfall Manipulation in a Piñon-Juniper Forest at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico: Water Potential Data (2006-2013)
Climate models predict that water limited regions around the world will become drier and warmer in the near future, including southwestern North America. We developed a large-scale experimental system that allows testing of the ecosystem impacts of precipitation changes. Four treatments were applied to 1600 m2 plots (40 m × 40 m), each with three replicates in a piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniper monosperma) ecosystem. These species have extensive root systems, requiring large-scale manipulation to effectively alter soil water availability.  Treatments consisted of: 1) irrigation plots that receive supplemental water additions, 2) drought plots that receive 55% of ambient rainfall, 3) cover-control plots that receive ambient precipitation, but allow determination of treatment infrastructure artifacts, and 4) ambient control plots. Our drought structures effectively reduced soil water potential and volumetric water content compared to the ambient, cover-control, and water addition plots. Drought and cover control plots experienced an average increase in maximum soil and air temperature at ground level of 1-4° C during the growing season compared to ambient plots, and concurrent short-term diurnal increases in maximum air temperature were also observed directly above and below plastic structures. Our drought and irrigation treatments significantly influenced tree predawn water potential, sap-flow, and net photosynthesis, with drought treatment trees exhibiting significant decreases in physiological function compared to ambient and irrigated trees.  Supplemental irrigation resulted in a significant increase in both plant water potential and xylem sap-flow compared to trees in the other treatments. This experimental design effectively allows manipulation of plant water stress at the ecosystem scale, permits a wide range of drought conditions, and provides prolonged drought conditions comparable to historical droughts in the past – drought events for w
Ecosystem-Scale Rainfall Manipulation in a Piñon-Juniper Forest at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico: Sap Flow Data (2006-2013)
Climate models predict that water limited regions around the world will become drier and warmer in the near future, including southwestern North America. We developed a large-scale experimental system that allows testing of the ecosystem impacts of precipitation changes. Four treatments were applied to 1600 m2 plots (40 m × 40 m), each with three replicates in a piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniper monosperma) ecosystem. These species have extensive root systems, requiring large-scale manipulation to effectively alter soil water availability.  Treatments consisted of: 1) irrigation plots that receive supplemental water additions, 2) drought plots that receive 55% of ambient rainfall, 3) cover-control plots that receive ambient precipitation, but allow determination of treatment infrastructure artifacts, and 4) ambient control plots. Our drought structures effectively reduced soil water potential and volumetric water content compared to the ambient, cover-control, and water addition plots. Drought and cover control plots experienced an average increase in maximum soil and air temperature at ground level of 1-4° C during the growing season compared to ambient plots, and concurrent short-term diurnal increases in maximum air temperature were also observed directly above and below plastic structures. Our drought and irrigation treatments significantly influenced tree predawn water potential, sap-flow, and net photosynthesis, with drought treatment trees exhibiting significant decreases in physiological function compared to ambient and irrigated trees.  Supplemental irrigation resulted in a significant increase in both plant water potential and xylem sap-flow compared to trees in the other treatments. This experimental design effectively allows manipulation of plant water stress at the ecosystem scale, permits a wide range of drought conditions, and provides prolonged drought conditions comparable to historical droughts in the past – drought events for w
Restoration thinning permits stems to capitalise on high-rainfall years in a regenerating endangered forest ecosystem
<p><span>1. Passively regenerating native vegetation presents a cost-effective opportunity to sequester carbon and reinstate habitat in heavily cleared agricultural landscapes.</span></p> <p><span>2. However, in some cases a few woody species recolonise in dense, low-diversity stands that are slow to self-thin.</span></p> <p><span>3. Restoration thinning of over-dominant species has been proposed to accelerate ecosystem recovery, but its longer-term efficacy remains uncertain, and is likely to depend strongly on rainfall.</span></p> <p><span>4. This study focuses on a restoration thinning experiment established in 2007 in dense brigalow (<i>Acacia harpophylla</i>) regrowth in Queensland, Australia. Using variation in rainfall between 2007 and 2017, we examined the interactive effects of neighbourhood density and moisture availability on the growth and survival of <i>A. harpophylla. </i></span></p> <p><span>5. We also compared the strength of <i>A. harpophylla</i> density effects on itself to its effects on a sparsely distributed co-occurring tree species (<i>Casuarina cristata</i>) that was codominant in the original forest.</span></p> <p><span>6. Our results provide clear evidence that thinning permits <i>A. harpophylla</i> to grow rapidly during periods of high rainfall, and that interspecific competition between A<i>. harpophylla</i> and <i>C. cristata</i> is relatively weak. As such, thinning of dense <i>A. harpophylla</i> could be combined with seeding or planting of co-occurring tree species with complementary niches to further accelerate forest recovery in this extensive regrowth ecosystem.</span></p>
Relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide treatments on forest resources and ecosystem: An experimental approach
<p><span class="KONAHeading1CharChar"><span>Gypsy moth outbreaks cause severe defoliation in Holarctic forests, both in North America where it is invasive, and in its native range in Eurasia. Severe defoliation can hamper timber production and impact ecological communities and processes. Aerial insecticide applications are regularly performed in outbreak areas to mitigate economic losses. These operations can be financially costly and harmful to non-target species and may disrupt species interaction networks. However, replicated studies of the relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide application on forest growth and animal communities are rare and have yet to be carried out in the species' indigenous range. </span></span></p> <p><span class="KONAHeading1CharChar"><span>Here, we review the pathways in which gypsy moth outbreaks and the chemical control of these outbreaks affect forest ecosystems. We then present an experimental design established in South Central Germany in early 2019, aiming to study the ecological and economic consequences of gypsy moth eruptions and insecticide application in oak forests. The study's full factorial design comprises forest stands with high and low defoliation risk, either treated with tebufenozide or left unsprayed, within 12 experimental blocks. Measurements of forest growth and structure, tree mortality, gypsy moth density, and composition of lepidopteran, bird, bat, ground beetle, and canopy arthropod communities will be conducted for several years. </span></span></p> <p><span class="KONAHeading1CharChar"><span>One-year intensive monitoring of gypsy moth populations and damage across the selected sites showed substantial differences in population density between plots with high and low defoliation risk and high efficacy of tebufenozide in suppressing gypsy moth populations in treated plots. In the first year of the experiment, gypsy moth density and defoliation in predicted outbreak plots differed strongly, confirming the importance of using many replicates and blocking to control spatial heterogeneity. The experiment will be running continuously during the coming years to produce short- and medium-term economic and ecological data to improve our understanding and management of gypsy moth outbreaks.</span></span></p>
Data from: Bioturbation by mammals and fire interact to alter ecosystem-level nutrient dynamics in longleaf pine forests
Activities of ecosystem engineers can interact with other disturbances to modulate rates of key processes such as productivity and nutrient cycling. Bioturbation, movement of soil by organisms, is a widespread form of ecosystem engineering in terrestrial ecosystems. We propose that bioturbation by southeastern pocket gophers (Geomys pinetis), an abundant but declining ecosystem engineer in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests, accelerates nutrient dynamics of the forest floor by burying litter and then reduces litter consumption and nitrogen (N) volatilization losses in the presence of fire. We evaluated our hypothesis by measuring how litter burial alters decomposition and N and phosphorus (P) turnover of longleaf pine and turkey oak (Quercus laevis Walt.) litter over four years, and then simulated interactive ecosystem-level effects of litter burial and low-intensity fires on N and P dynamics of the litter layer. In the field, mass loss was over two times greater and N and P were released much more rapidly from litter buried beneath mounds than on the surface of the forest floor. At a measured rate of mound formation covering 2.3 ± 0.6% of the forest floor per year, litter mass and N and P content of the forest floor simulated over an eight-year period were approximately 11% less than amounts in areas without pocket gopher mounds. In contrast to unburied litter, litter beneath mounds is protected from consumption during fires, and as fire interval increased, consumption rates decreased because mounds cover more years of accumulated litter. Our research indicates that bioturbation and burial of litter by pocket gophers accelerates turnover of N and P on the forest floor, and in the presence of fire, conserves N in this ecosystem where productivity is known to be nutrient limited.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.