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Figure 4 in Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand

Figure 4. Photographs showing different morphotypes, sizes, and colors of microplastics obtained from fish.

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Figure 10 in Microplastics in commercial fish digestive tracts from freshwater habitats in Northern Thailand

Figure 10. FTIR spectra of the representative microplastic found in freshwater fish samples. Possible types are identified according to peak position of the spectra. a) polyethylene; b) polyethylene terephthalate; c) polyvinyl acetate; d) poly (methyl phenyl siloxane); e) poly (methyl vinyl ether); f) polybutadiene; g) polypropylene; h) poly (ethylene-copropylene); i) poly (ethylene glycol) tetrahydrofurfuryl ether; j) poly (styrene-co-divinylbenzene); k) polyvinylidene fluoride.

Fig. 4 in Resolution of the identity of three species of Diplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) parasitising freshwater fishes in South Africa, combining molecular and morphological evidence

Fig. 4. Metacercariae of Diplostomum spp. from eye lenses of different fish hosts; (a) Diplostomum sp. from Tilipia sparrmanii, live, ventral view (b) Diplostomum sp. from Tilipia sparrmanii, fixed, ventral view (c) Diplostomum sp. from Tilipia sparrmanii, live, sunken pseudosuckers (arrowhead) (hologenophore, GenBank MN813526, MN813534 and MN808616) (d) Diplostomum sp. 14 sensu Locke et al. (2015) from Synodontis zambezensis, live, ventral view (hologenophore, GenBank MN813541) (e) Diplostomum sp. 14 sensu Locke et al. (2015) from Oreochromis mossambicus, fixed, ventral view, small excretory granules (arrowhead) (hologenophore, GenBank MN813531, MN813539 and MN808621) (f) Diplostomum sp. 14 sensu Locke et al. (2015) from Synodontis zambezensis, fixed, ventral view, large excretory granules (arrowhead) (hologenophore, GenBank MN813541) (g) Diplostomum sp. 16 sensu Locke et al. (2015) from Pseudocrenilabrus philander, fixed, ventral view, everted pseudosuckers (arrowhead) (hologenophore, GenBank MN813532, MN813547 and MN808627) (h) Diplostomum sp. 16 sensu Locke et al. (2015) from Pseudocrenilabrus philander, fixed, ventral view, inverted pseudosuckers (arrowhead) (hologenophore, GenBank MN813533, MN813548 and MN808628) (i) Diplostomum sp. 16 sensu Locke et al. (2015) from Pseudocrenilabrus philander, live metacercariae inside of fish lens. Scale bars: a–h = 100 μm; i = 700 μm.

Fig. 3 in Resolution of the identity of three species of Diplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) parasitising freshwater fishes in South Africa, combining molecular and morphological evidence

Fig. 3. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram reconstructed using cox1 sequences for species of Diplostomum. Nodal support from BI and ML analyses indicated as BI/ML; only values> 0.90 (BI) and> 70 (ML) are displayed. Scale-bar indicates the expected number of substitution per site. Sequences generated in this study are in bold and indicated by blue rectangles. Codes with isolate information for newly generated sequences are provided in Table 3. Sequences derived from Africa are highlighted in blue, from Asia in purple, from Europe in orange, from North America in green (according to the map) and sequences reported from more than one continent are highlighted in black. Black arrows on the map demonstrate distribution of Diplostomum spathaceum and 'D. mergi Lineage 2' in both, Asia and Europe, and Diplostomum sp. 14 and Diplostomum sp. 16 in both, Africa and Asia. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Resolution of the identity of three species of Diplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) parasitising freshwater fishes in South Africa, combining molecular and morphological evidence

Fig. 2. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) phylograms reconstructed using (a) partial 28S rDNA sequences (b) ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences for species of Diplostomum. Nodal support from BI and ML analyses indicated as BI/ML; only values> 0.90 (BI) and> 70 (ML) are displayed. Scale-bar indicates the expected number of substitution per site. Sequences generated in this study are in bold and indicated by blue rectangles. Codes with isolate information for newly generated sequences are provided in Table 3. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Resolution of the identity of three species of Diplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) parasitising freshwater fishes in South Africa, combining molecular and morphological evidence

Fig. 1. Map illustrating the sampling localities on (a) River Riet in Mokala National Park (b) River Phongolo (Site 1, Site 2 and Nyamithi Lake) and the River Usuthu (Shokwe Pan) in Ndumo Game Reserve and (c) River Mooi (Boskop Dam) in Boskop Dam Nature Reserve, South Africa. The illustration was compiled in ArcGIS 10.6 (Available from https://support.esri.com/en/downloads).

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Fig. 1 in Diversity of helminth parasites of freshwater fish in the headwaters of the Coatzacoalcos River, in Oaxaca, Mexico

Fig. 1. The upper Coatzacoalcos river in Mexico showing the fish Collection sites; codes: 1. El Platanillo river, tributary to Del Sol river (municipality Santo Domingo Petapa), coordinates 16.951111, −95.244167, altitude 416 m; 2. Río Grande (El Barrio), 16.792167, −95.016083, 220 m; 3. Río Negro (Santa María Chimalapa), 16.898528, −94.693694, 166 m; 4. Río Modelo (Santa María Chimalapa), 17.134778, −94.745000, 115 m; 5. Río Pánfilo (Matías Romero, Oaxaca), 17.083639, −94.873944, 60 m; 6. Río Jaltepec (Jesús Carranza, Veracruz), 17.388444, −95.056111, 40 m; 7. Río Escondido (Paraje San Francisco El Vado, Agencia Municipal Río Escondido, Santa María Chimalapa), 17.091083, −94.751694, 103 m. Note all sites in Oaxaca state, except # 6.

Fig. 5. a in Morphological and molecular description of Pallisentis roparensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) infecting the freshwater cat fish Wallago attu from Ropar Wetland, Punjab, India

Fig. 5. a-histological section of small intestine of uninfected fish (Wallago attu) showing intestinal villi with a continuous epithelium; b-ruptured intestinal villi of the infected fish host; c-unusual branching of villi and dilated lymphatic vessels in mucosa of infected small intestine; d-abrasion and desquamation of the mucosal epithelium in infected fish; e– hyperplasia of the intestinal villi at the site of parasite attachment; f-magnified view of the infiltrated immune cells in the sub mucosal layer of the infected intestine (M-mucosa, SM-submucosa, ML-muscularis, DL-dilated lymphatic vessels, UBunusual branching, DSE-desquamated intestinal epithelium, HP- hyperplasia, MP- macrophage).

Fig. 4. Maximum likelihood tree generated using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 in Morphological and molecular description of Pallisentis roparensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) infecting the freshwater cat fish Wallago attu from Ropar Wetland, Punjab, India

Fig. 4. Maximum likelihood tree generated using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 gene sequence of Pallisentis roparensis and the sequences of related taxa downloaded from GenBank. Numbers near internal nodes show ML bootstrap clade frequencies.

Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood tree generated using 28S in Morphological and molecular description of Pallisentis roparensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) infecting the freshwater cat fish Wallago attu from Ropar Wetland, Punjab, India

Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood tree generated using 28S rRNA gene sequence of Pallisentis roparensis and the sequences of related taxa downloaded from GenBank. Numbers near internal nodes show ML bootstrap clade frequencies.

Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree generated using 18S in Morphological and molecular description of Pallisentis roparensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) infecting the freshwater cat fish Wallago attu from Ropar Wetland, Punjab, India

Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood tree generated using 18S rRNA gene sequence of Pallisentis roparensis and the sequences of related taxa downloaded from GenBank. Numbers near internal nodes show ML bootstrap clade frequencies.

Fig. 1 in Morphological and molecular description of Pallisentis roparensis n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) infecting the freshwater cat fish Wallago attu from Ropar Wetland, Punjab, India

Fig. 1. Line drawings of specimens of Pallisentis roparensis from Wallago attu. a-male; b-posterior end of the male; c-proboscis (female); d-hooks of the proboscis declining gradually in the size; e– conical trunk spines; f- Y-shaped collar spines; g-mature egg; h-female; i-posterior end of the female.

Fig. 1 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 1. Map illustrating localities where the five cyprinid hosts were collected in the Cape Fold ecoregion in the Western Cape, South Africa.

Fig. 7 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 7. Rarefaction/extrapolation curve estimating the diversity of parasites as a function of sampling effort for three of the five hosts collected in the OlifantsDoorn River System, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Shaded area represents the 95% confidence interval obtained using the bootstrap method based on 100 repetitions. Created using iNEXT Online (Chao et al., 2016).

Fig. 4 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 4. Pseudobarbus calidus (Barnard, 1938) (max. length: 125 mm) (A). Sclerites of Paradiplozoon sp. from the gills (B). Acanthocephala from the body cavity, whole specimen (C) and hooks on proboscis (top left insert). Larval Contracaecum sp. from the body cavity, anterior (D) and posterior (E) ends, lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, C, D, E).

Fig. 6 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 6. Sedercypris erubescens (Skelton, 1974) (max. length: 120 mm) (A). Larval Contracaecum sp. from the body cavity, anterior (B) and posterior (C) ends, lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, C).

Fig. 5 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 5. Pseudobarbus phlegethon (Barnard, 1938) (max. length: 65 mm) (A); Acanthogyrus sp. found from the body cavity (B). Scale bar: 500 μm.

Fig. 3 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 3. Labeobarbus seeberi (Gilchrist et Thompson, 1913) (max. length: 270 mm) (A); Myxobolus sp. (B) and Dactylogyrus sp. from the gills of L. seeberi, hamuli and marginal hooks (C), male copulatory complex (D) and vagina (E). Lateral view of Rhabdochona sp. 2 from the intestine, anterior end of female (F) and male (G), posterior end of male (H); metacercariae of Diplostomidae (I) from black cysts on skin. Scale bars: 10 μm (B); 50 μm (D, E); 100 μm (C, F, G, H, I).

Fig. 2 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 2. Cheilobarbus serra (Peters, 1864) (max. length: 350 mm) (A); adult Paradiplozoon sp. (B) and sclerites in attachment clamps (C, D) found on the gills; hamuli of Gyrodactylus sp. (E) and marginal hooks (F), and a pre-metamorphic stage of the copepod belonging to the Lernaeidae (G), both from the gills. Anterior (H) and posterior (I) ends of Rhabdochona sp. 1 (lateral view) from the intestine; (J) whole specimen of the Caryophyllidea. Scale bars: 10 μm (E, F); 100 μm (C, D, G, H, I); 500 μm (B); 1000 μm (J).