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499 results for “fuels”
China's fossil fuel CO2 emissions estimated using surface observations of co-emitted NO2
<p>We employed an EnKF-based Regional Multi-Air Pollutant Assimilation System (RAPAS) to assimilate <em>in-situ</em> NO<sub>2</sub> observations, allowing us to combine observation-constrained NO<em><sub>x</sub></em> emissions co-emitted with FFCO<sub>2</sub> and grid-specific CO<sub>2</sub>-to-NO<em><sub>x</sub></em> emission ratios for inferring daily <strong>FFCO<sub>2</sub> emissions</strong> over China.</p> <p><strong>cnemc_obs.nc </strong>includes assimilated and verified observations.</p> <p><strong>emission.tar.gz</strong> includes inferred daily posterior NO<em><sub>x</sub></em> and FFCO<sub>2</sub> emissions for the year 2016.</p>
Rohingya Refugee Camp Fuel Load Dataset (Camp 4Ex, 5, KRC)
<p>A comprehensive survey was conducted on July 2, 2022, to prepare the fuel inventory map featuring dwelling structure, fuel load density, placement of fuel etc. In the 5-day long survey, three camps having contrasting fuel inventory have been examined. They are- Camp 4 Extension (Ex), Camp 5 and Kutupalong Registered Camp (KRC). These camps were selected based on the following features :</p> <ul> <li>Being the youngest of all the camp in Kutupalong, Camp 4 Ex followed a standard design and an average separation distance of 7m.</li> <li>On the other hand, Camp 5 is densely populated, having no visible space between two dwellings. It was one of the largest camps with a population of almost 25 thousand. The Rohingya community there are as equally impoverished as those living in Camp 4 Ext. The shelters of both of these camps are made of cellulose based structure material like wood, bamboo, timber etc., but the dwellings of camp 5 don’t follow any standard design.</li> <li>With a sharp contrast, dwellings in KRC follow a shaded structure consisting of six dwellings under one roof but separated by brick wall or corrugated steel sheet. KRC began informally in 1991, making it the oldest of all camps and its dwellers somewhat self-sufficient. A lot more permanent structure e.g., wooden furnitures, bed, wardrobe, showcase has been found here, increasing its fuel load larger than that of Camp 4 Ex and 5.</li> </ul>
Code and data from "Old reserves and ancient buds fuel regrowth of coast redwood after catastrophic fire"
<p>This repository includes:</p><p>[1] R code required to produce Fig 3 panels b and c, that is, the analysis of mixture composition of the oldest sprout 14c mean age observed in our study. </p><p>[2] Also included for convenience is the Hua et al 2022 annual atmospheric record of 14c for convenience. This is publicially available and citation is given directly in code.</p><p>[3] Data used in supplemental analyses of correlations among sprout age and tree-level covariates "Peltier_supp_dat.csv" containing columns in order: tree number, DBH (cm), height (m) vigor estimate, Feb 2021 dated sprout 14c age, July 2021 dated sprout 14c age, uncertainty in Feb2021, uncertainty in July2021, total sapwood NSC concentration (phenol method), total sapwood NSC concentration (enzyme method), phloem respired 14c age, shallow sapwood respired 14c age, deep sapwood respired 14c age, phloem C respired mass (mg), shallow C respired mass (mg), deep sapwood C respired mass (mg), sapwood ring count, and sapwood depth (mm).</p>
Forecasting live fuel moisture of Adenostema fasciculatum and its relationship to regional wildfire dynamics across southern California shrublands
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Data for: Frequent fire slows microbial decomposition of newly deposited fine fuels in a pyrophilic ecosystem
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Effects of plant hydraulic traits on the flammability of live fine canopy fuels in 62 Australian plant species
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Data from: Climate change could fuel urinary schistosomiasis transmission in Africa and Europe
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Data from: Health trade-offs of boiling drinking water with solid fuels: A modeling study
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Forest restoration and fuels reduction work: Different pathways for achieving success in the Sierra Nevada
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Vegetation structure and fuel dynamics in fire-prone, Mediterranean-type Banksia woodlands
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Evidence for multi-decadal fuel buildup in a large California wildfire from smoke radiocarbon measurements
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A look back on Saudi fossil fuel subsidy in the last decade
<p>Calculations pertaining to the paper, "A look back on Saudi fossil fuel subsidy in the last decade".</p>
Livestock and kangaroo grazing have little effect on biomass and fuel hazard in semi-arid woodlands
<ol> <li>Using livestock grazing as a tool to manage biomass and reduce fuel hazard has gained widespread popularity, but examples from across the globe demonstrate that it often yields mixed, context-dependent results. Grazing has potential to deliver practical solutions in systems where grazing reduces not only biomass but also reduces fuel hazard by altering vegetation connectivity or composition.</li> <li>We assessed the extent to which recent rainfall, rabbit and kangaroo grazing and recent and historic livestock grazing alters and accounts for variation in above-ground biomass, biomass composition and fuel hazard ratings across three broad communities in eastern Australia. We used nested linear models to assess biomass in three vertical vegetation strata, that matched the strata assessed in the Overall Fuel Hazard Assessment guide (i.e. litter/surface fuel; groundstorey vegetation/near surface fuel; and midstorey vegetation/elevated fuel) and Ordinal Logistic Regression to assess categorical fuel hazard ratings.</li> <li>Only recent kangaroo grazing reduced groundstorey biomass across all communities. Kangaroo grazing altered litter mass and significantly reduced surface fuel hazard in one community. Recent livestock grazing did not reduce fuel hazard, and despite significantly reducing half of our measures of biomass, these were not practical reductions. For instance, livestock grazing significantly reduced litter mass, however our model predicts that doubling our assessment of livestock grazing intensity only reduces total litter mass by 0.8 %, or 8 kg per hectare in landscapes where average litter loads ranged from 3,600 to 12,600 kg per hectare. Furthermore, long-term livestock grazing increased shrub biomass and in one community this increased elevated fuel hazard. There were few effects of rabbits. The effects of rainfall on biomass were up to an order of magnitude greater than any effects due to grazing.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications:</i> Our data suggest that management practices that seek to use livestock grazing to reduce biomass in these systems will not achieve practical reductions in biomass and or fuel hazard.</li> </ol>
Data & R Scripts - Short and long-term effects of low-sulphur fuels on marine zooplankton communities
<p>Data and R scripts associated with "Short and long-term effects of low-sulphur fuels on marine zooplankton communities" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105592 </p>
FIB-tomography data of Ni-YSZ anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC): Comparison of pristine and degraded materials (before/after redox cycling)
<p><em>Contents: </em></p> <p>This dataset contains 3D image stacks acquired with FIB-tomography from Ni-YSZ cermet anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC).</p> <p>The data was collected from three different Ni-YSZ anodes (fine-, medium- and coarse-grained). Each of these anodes was investigated first in pristine state (after sintering and reduction) and then also in degraded state (after exposure to 8 redox cycles).</p> <p>The 6 tomographs are then presented as stacks of 2D-tiff-images in 2 different versions: as gray-scale images (raw data) and as segmented images (Ni=white, YSZ=gray and pores=black). In total this gives 12 image stacks.</p> <p><strong>Further details</strong>, such as the voxel resolutions and image window sizes are listed in the downloadable excel file (<strong>2_3D_Data_Info.xlsx</strong>).</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Scientific Context: </em></p> <p>The microstructures of the cermet anodes were investigated for the purpose of optimizing the anode performance, which depends on effective transport properties (i.e. conductivity of ions in YSZ and of electrons in Ni, as well as diffusivity of fuel/gas in the pores). Furthermore the anode performance also depends on the catalytic/electrochemical activity (i.e. Ni-surface area and three phase boundary length TPBL). The microstructure characteristics have a strong influence on effective properties, electrochemical activity and associated anode performance. Furthermore, microstructure degradation (e.g. by Ni-coarsening) may lead to performance loss over time.</p> <p>Hence, the investigations focus on a fundamental, quentitative understanding of the relationships between microstructure characteristics and effective properties. The study reveals quantitative descriptions of all relevant microstructure characteristics (porosity, tortuosity, constrictivity, surface/interface areas, TPBL) and of the corresponding effective transport porperties (electric and ionic.conductivities). The corresponding anode performance was characterized by impedance spectroscopy.</p> <p>The quantitative <strong>results of the microstructure investigation were published</strong> in:</p> <p><strong>Pecho et al</strong> 2015a (doi:10.3390/ma8095265),</p> <p><strong>Pecho et al</strong> 2015b (doi:10.3390/ma8105370),</p> <p><strong>Holzer et al</strong> 2013 (doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.047),</p> <p><strong>Holzer et al</strong> 2011a (doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.08.017) and</p> <p><strong>Holzer et al</strong> 2011b (doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.08.006).</p>
Data of socio-technical evaluation of long-term spent nuclear fuel management options at San Onofre, California
<p>Data file supporting the socio-technical evaluation of long-term spent nuclear fuel management options at San Onofre, California.</p>
Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions: 1751-2017
<p>This data product is a time series of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement manufacture. Estimates of CO2 emissions are included for the globe and by nation back to 1751, and include emissions from solid fuel consumption, liquid fuel consumption, gas fuel consumption, cement production, and gas flaring. Per capita CO2 emissions and emissions from international trade (bunker fuels) are included as well; bunker fuels are not included in country totals, but are assigned to the country in which loading took place. Estimates are generated using the United Nations Energy Statistics database and the United States Geologic Survey’s cement statistics. Datasets produced from this group at Appalachian State University are located at https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/view/doi:10.15485/1712447, and are also located at https://energy.appstate.edu/research/work-areas/cdiac-appstate. Historic CDIAC data from Oak Ridge National Laboratory are located here: https://data.ess-dive.lbl.gov/view/doi:10.3334/CDIAC/00001_V2017. This dataset is the foundational dataset for the annual global carbon budget and other carbon cycle analyses that need relevant fossil fuel CO2 data. Within this data package are spreadsheets (.csv) of global and national estimates of CO2 emissions as well as text files of the ranking of each country’s total CO2 emissions and per capita for that year</p>
Data from: Nocturnal foraging lifts time-constraints in winter for migratory geese but hardly speeds up fueling
<p>Climate warming advances the optimal timing of breeding for many animals. For migrants to start breeding earlier, a concurrent advancement of migration is required, including pre-migratory fueling of energy reserves. We investigate whether barnacle geese are time-constrained during pre-migratory fueling and whether there is potential to advance or shorten the fueling period to allow an earlier migratory departure. We equipped barnacle geese with GPS-trackers and accelerometers to remotely record birds' behavior, from which we calculated time budgets. We examined how time spent foraging was affected by the available time (during daylight and moonlit nights) and thermoregulation costs. We used an energetic model to assess onset and rates of fueling, and whether geese can further advance fueling by extending foraging time. We show that d<span>uring winter, when facing higher thermoregulation costs, geese consistently foraged at night, especially during moonlit nights, in order to balance their energy budgets. In spring, birds made use of the increasing day length and gained body stores by foraging longer during the day, but birds stopped foraging extensively during the night. Our model indicates that by continuing night-time foraging throughout spring, geese may have some leeway to advance and increase fueling rate, potentially reaching departure body mass 4 days e</span>arlier. In light of rapid climatic changes on the breeding grounds, whether this advancement can be realized and whether it will be sufficient to prevent phenological mismatches remains to be determined.</p>
Measurement report: quantifying source contribution of fossil fuels and biomass-burning black carbon aerosol in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
<p>Anthropogenic emissions of Black carbon (BC) aerosol are transported from Southeast Asia to the southwestern Tibetan Plateau (TP) during the pre-monsoon; however, the quantities of BC from different anthropogenic sources and the transport mechanisms are still not well constrained because there have been no high-time-resolution BC source apportionments. Intensive measurements were taken in a transport channel for pollutants from Southeast Asia to the southeastern margin of TP during the pre-monsoon to investigate the influences of fossil fuels and biomass burning on BC. A receptor model coupled multi-wavelength absorption with aerosol species concentrations was used to retrieve site-specific Ångström exponents (AAE) and mass absorption cross-sections (MAC) for BC. An ‘aethalometer model’ that used those values showed that biomass burning had a larger contribution to BC mass than fossil fuels (BCbiomass = 57% versus BCfossil = 43%). The potential source contribution function indicated that BCbiomass was transported to the site from northeastern India and northern Burma, The Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) model indicated that 40% of BCbiomass originated from Southeast Asia, while the high BCfossil was transported from the southwest of sampling site. A radiative transfer model indicated that the average atmospheric direct radiative effects (DRE) of BC was +4.6 ± 2.4 W m<sup>-2</sup> with +2.5 ± 1.8 W m<sup>-2</sup> from BCbiomass and +2.1 ± 0.9 W m<sup>-2</sup> from BCfossil. The DRE of BCbiomass and BCfossil produced heating rates of 0.07 ± 0.05 and 0.06 ± 0.02 K day<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. This study provides insights into sources of BC over a transport channel to the southeastern TP and the influence of the cross-border transportation of biomass burning emissions from Southeast Asia during the pre-monsoon.</p>
Dataset: Greenhouse Gas and Noxious Emissions from Dual Fuel Diesel and Natural Gas Heavy Goods Vehicles
<p>This dataset contains the data underlying all figures of the paper entitled 'Greenhouse Gas and Noxious Emissions from Dual Fuel Diesel and Natural Gas Heavy Goods Vehicles'.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.