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1,751 results for “futures”
Global Wheat Cultivation Distribution under Future Climatic and Socio-economic Conditions (RCP-SSP combinations)
<p>This is the outcome data from our study titled "<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170481" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em><u>Prediction of global wheat cultivation distribution under climate change and socioeconomic development</u></em></a>" which was published in The Science of The Total Environment. The present study represents a significant extension of our previous research on "<em><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.153" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Potential Distribution and Dynamics of Global Wheat under Multiple Climate Change Scenarios"</a></em>.</p> <p>Socioeconomic and climate change are both critical factors influencing the global distribution of crop cultivation. However, there has been limited exploration of the role of socioeconomic factors in predicting future crop cultivation distribution under climate change.</p> <p>We have proposed the MaxEnt-SPAM approach under the assumption that environmental conditions are the primary determinants of land suitability for cultivating wheat, while socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in influencing farmers' crop choices. In essence, the distribution of wheat cultivation is contingent upon maximizing potential revenue and ensuring suitability for wheat planting.</p> <p>The proposed MaxEnt-SPAM approach was utilized to estimate the distribution of wheat cultivation in three combined Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) - Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios, namely RCP2.6-SSP1, RCP4.5-SSP2, and RCP8.5-SSP3. The methodology involved estimating wheat planting suitability under future RCP scenarios using the MaxEnt model, predicting farmers' crop choices under future SSP scenarios through Time series-Backpropagation (TS-BP) models, and ultimately estimating global wheat cultivation distribution based on the SPAM model. Validation of this approach against major known datasets on the distribution of wheat cultivation demonstrated satisfactory accuracy, with a predictive accuracy exceeding 85% and a significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) between the predicted global wheat cultivation and multiple known datasets.</p> <p>Based on the aforementioned concept and methodology, a global wheat cultivation distribution grid (0.5 degree × 0.5 degree) was projected under the RCP2.6-SSP1, RCP4.5-SSP2, and RCP8.5-SSP3 scenarios.</p> <p>The findings suggest that RCP8.5-SSP3 may offer the most favorable conditions for wheat cultivation. Additionally, socioeconomic development significantly constrains the potential distribution of wheat cultivation, with estimated areas accounting for an average of 77% of the potential distribution determined by climatic factors under the selected RCP-SSP scenarios. Socioeconomic development appears to have a positive impact on wheat cultivation in Africa.</p> <p>Our results illustrate the influence of socioeconomic factors on crop distribution within a market economy framework, underscoring the importance of integrating socioeconomic factors and climate change for accurate predictions of crop cultivation distribution.</p> <p>We contend that the global wheat cultivation distribution datasets under future climatic and socio-economic conditions (RCP-SSP combinations) are a valuable addition to existing products. This prediction data is among the few products to consider both climate change and socio-economic development, providing a more comprehensive understanding of crop cultivation distribution dynamics.</p> <p>The Global Wheat Cultivation Distribution under Future Climatic and Socio-economic Conditions (RCP-SSP combinations) is expected to enhance our comprehension of the dynamics and distribution of global wheat cultivation under different climate change and socio-economic development paths in the future, potentially supporting research in earth system simulation and agricultural sciences.</p> <p>The dataset for the Global Wheat Cultivation Distribution under Future Climatic and Socio-economic Conditions (RCP-SSP combinations) and the Maxent-SPAM approach code is stored in a zip package named SPAM_MaxEnt.zip, which contains two folders (code and data).</p> <p><strong>code: </strong></p> <p>This sub-folder provides the main program and example data for the MaxEnt-SPAM approach. Codes are written in Matlab language by Puying Zhang. There are also 'read me.txt' files under the code folder to provide the necessary information.</p> <p>The exampleData contains</p> <p>1. h_pri.tif: prior data</p> <p>2. h_res.tif: global C3 crop cultivation proportion</p> <p>Run the main programme: cross_entroy.m</p> <p><strong>data: </strong></p> <p>This sub-folder contains global wheat cultivation distribution stored in GeoTIFF file format.</p> <p><strong>1 Global distribution of the long-term wheat-</strong><strong>c</strong><strong>ultivation area fraction: </strong></p> <p>This sub-folder contains the data for the global distribution of the long-term wheat-cultivation area fraction in RCP2.6-SSP1, RCP4.5-SSP2, and RCP8.5-SSP3 scenarios. The value of each data ranges from 0 to 1, indicating the long-term wheat-cultivation area fraction in each grid, and the higher the value, the more wheat cultivated.</p> <p><strong>r2s1f_sub.tif:</strong> the data for global distribution of the long-term wheat-cultivation area fraction in RCP2.6-SSP1 scenario</p> <p><strong>r4s2f_sub.tif:</strong> the data for global distribution of the long-term wheat-cultivation area fraction in RCP4.5-SSP2 scenario</p> <p><strong>r8s3f_sub.tif:</strong> the data for global distribution of the long-term wheat-cultivation area fraction in RCP8.5-SSP3 scenario</p> <p><strong>2 </strong><strong>S</strong><strong>patial overlap between the long-term period of land suitability for wheat </strong><strong>planting </strong><strong>and wheat cultivation distribution: </strong></p> <p>This sub-folder contains the data for Spatial overlap between the long-term period of land suitability for wheat planting and wheat cultivation distribution in multi-scenarios. The value of each data contains three values:<strong>{1, 2, 3}</strong>, <strong>1</strong> wheat cultivation existed but was predicted to be unsuitable to plant wheat; <strong>2 </strong>presented a reduction in the wheat cultivation area compared to the land's suitability; <strong>3</strong> presented the region that wheat cultivation existed and was predicted to be suitable to plant wheat.</p> <p><strong>com_suit_fra126.tif: </strong>the spatial overlap between the long-term period land suitability for wheat planting and wheat cultivation distribution in (a) RCP2.6-SSP1 scenario and RCP2.6</p> <p><strong>com_suit_fra245.tif: </strong>the spatial overlap between the long-term period land suitability for wheat cultivation and wheat cultivation distribution in (b) RCP4.5-SSP2 scenario and RCP4.5</p> <p><strong>com_suit_fra385.tif:</strong> the spatial overlap between the long-term period land suitability for wheat cultivation and wheat cultivation distribution in (c) RCP8.5-SSP3 scenario and RCP8.5</p> <p><strong>3 Differences in the proportion of long-term wheat </strong><strong>c</strong><strong>ultivation: </strong></p> <p>This sub-folder contains the data for the difference in the proportion of long-term wheat cultivation under the RCP-SSP scenarios and the distribution of long-term wheat planting suitability under the same RCP scenarios. The value of each data ranges from -1 to 1, This data is obtained by using the wheat-cultivation area fraction minus planting suitability grid to grid. the negative value indicates that the proportion of wheat cultivation is lower than the wheat planting suitability, while this positive value indicates that the proportion of wheat cultivation is higher than the wheat planting suitability.</p> <p><strong>r2s1_f.tif:</strong> Difference in the proportion of long-term wheat cultivation under the RCP2.6-SSP1 scenario and the distribution of long-term wheat planting suitability under the RCP2.6 scenario</p> <p><strong>r4s2_f.tif:</strong> Differences between the proportion of long-term wheat cultivation in RCP4.5-SSP2 and the suitability of long-term wheat planting under the RCP4.5 scenario</p> <p><strong>r8s3_f.tif:</strong> Differences between the proportion of long-term wheat cultivation in RCP8.5-SSP3 and the suitability of long-term wheat planting under the RCP8.5 scenario </p> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <p>Yaojie Yue, Puying Zhang, Yanrui Shang. The Potential Distribution and Dynamic of Global Wheat under Multiple Climate Change Scenarios. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 688: 1308-1318.</p> <p>Xi Guo, Puying Zhang, Yaojie Yue. Prediction of global wheat cultivation distribution under climate change and socio-economic development. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 919: 170481.</p> <p>For more details on the MaxEnt (Maximum entropy) model, please refer to (Phillips et al., 2006; Elith et al., 2011). SPAM (spatial production allocation model) refers to (You et al., 2009; You et al., 2014).</p> <p>Elith, J., Phillips, S.J., Hastie, T., Dudík, M., Chee, Y.E., Yates, C.J., 2011. A statistical explanation of maxent for ecologists. Divers Distrib 17 (1), 43-57. https://coi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00725.x.</p> <p>Phillips, S.J., Anderson, R.P., Schapire, R.E., 2006. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecol Model 190 (3-4), 231-259. https://coi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.026.</p> <p>You, L.Z., Wood, S., Wood-Sichra, U., 2009. Generating plausible crop distribution maps for sub-Saharan Africa using a spatially disaggregated data fusion and optimization approach. Agr Syst 99 (2-3), 126-140. https://coi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2008.11.003.</p> <p>You, L.Z., Wood, S., Wood-Sichra, U., Wu, W.B., 2014. Generating global crop distribution maps: from census to grid. Agr Syst 127, 53-60. https://coi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2014.01.002</p>
Statistically downscaled future precipitation for the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico
This dataset contains climate predictions that serve as the basis for the analysis in Ramseyer et al. (2019), which projected a trend toward drier conditions in eastern Puerto Rico during the mid- and late-21st century. The analysis was informed by computing nine atmospheric variables, which had been shown by previous research to related to precipitation in Puerto Rico (Ramseyer and Mote 2016) from four GCMs. These nine variables were used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the binary occurrence of a wet (>= 5 mm of precipitation) versus dry (<5 mm) day using in-situ daily precipitation observations from El Verde Field Station in northeast Puerto Rico. The nine atmospheric variables used to train the ANN were: 1000- 850-, 700-, and 500-hPa daily specific humidity, 1000–700-hPa bulk wind shear (BWS), the Gálvez-Davison Index (GDI), and the GDI's three component terms (the column buoyancy index, mid-level warming index, and a trade-wind inversion index). These same nine variables were then extracted on a daily basis from four GCMs for the eastern Caribbean early rainfall season (April-July) between 2041-2060 and 2081-2100, and fed through the ANN. These data are the daily predicted values of wet (1) or dry (0) conditions for each of the four GCMs in the ensemble. Because ERS total precipitation at El Verde is strongly correlated with the percentage of ERS dry days (R2=0.95 for years with <10% missing data), the GCM predictions were used to estimate future ERS precipitation using the following formula: ERS precipitation (mm) = 3373-37.6*(ERS dry-day percentage) Applying this formula to each of the GCM dry-day projections yielded an ensemble mean ERS precipitation total of 771 mm by 2041-2060 and 974 mm by 2081-2100. See Ramseyer et al. (2019) for a complete description of the neural network and its predictions. Ramseyer, C., P. Miller, and T. Mote, 2019: Future precipitation variability during the early rainfall season in the El Yunque National Fore
Training dataset used in the magazine paper entitled "A Flexible Machine Learning-Aware Architecture for Future WLANs"
<p><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.03510.pdf"><strong>A Flexible Machine Learning-Aware Architecture for Future WLANs</strong></a></p> <p><strong>Authors: </strong>Francesc Wilhelmi, Sergio Barrachina-Muñoz, Boris Bellalta, Cristina Cano, Anders Jonsson & Vishnu Ram.</p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Lots of hopes have been placed in Machine Learning (ML) as a key enabler of future wireless networks. By taking advantage of the large volumes of data generated by networks, ML is expected to deal with the ever-increasing complexity of networking problems. Unfortunately, current networking systems are not yet prepared for supporting the ensuing requirements of ML-based applications, especially for enabling procedures related to data collection, processing, and output distribution. This article points out the architectural requirements that are needed to pervasively include ML as part of future wireless networks operation. To this aim, we propose to adopt the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) unified architecture for 5G and beyond. Specifically, we look into Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), which, due to their nature, can be found in multiple forms, ranging from cloud-based to edge-computing-like deployments. Based on ITU's architecture, we provide insights on the main requirements and the major challenges of introducing ML to the multiple modalities of WLANs.</p> <p><strong>Dataset description: </strong>This is the dataset generated for training a Neural Network (NN) in the Access Point (AP) (re)association problem in IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). </p> <p>In particular, the NN is meant to output a prediction function of the throughput that a given station (STA) can obtain from a given Access Point (AP) after association. The features included in the dataset are:</p> <ol> <li>Identifier of the AP to which the STA has been associated.</li> <li>RSSI obtained from the AP to which the STA has been associated.</li> <li>Data rate in bits per second (bps) that the STA is allowed to use for the selected AP.</li> <li>Load in packets per second (pkt/s) that the STA generates.</li> <li>Percentage of data that the AP is able to serve before the user association is done.</li> <li>Amount of traffic load in pkt/s handled by the AP before the user association is done.</li> <li>Airtime in % that the AP enjoys before the user association is done.</li> <li>Throughput in pkt/s that the STA receives after the user association is done.</li> </ol> <p>The dataset has been generated through random simulations, based on the model provided in <a href="https://github.com/toniadame/WiFi_AP_Selection_Framework">https://github.com/toniadame/WiFi_AP_Selection_Framework</a>. More details regarding the dataset generation have been provided in <a href="https://github.com/fwilhelmi/machine_learning_aware_architecture_wlans">https://github.com/fwilhelmi/machine_learning_aware_architecture_wlans</a>.</p>
FIGURE 1a–e in Challenges for the future of taxonomy: talents, databases and knowledge growth
FIGURE 1a–e: Amphipod pictures from BOLD uploaded as reference with sequences. a) Hyperia Latreille in Desmarest, 1823 sequence (arrow) embedded in the BIN of Gammarus setosus Dementieva, 1931, at first glance a misidentification, but b) the uploaded photo of Hyperia sp. confirms the identification; most likely explanation is cross-contamination or tissue sample mix-up during handling; c) example of a too small photo of a specimen, which does not allow a confirmation of the identification, same applies for d) fragment of amphipod; e) six sequences of the same amphipod species sharing just two photos, these repeatedly used photos do not help to verify the identification.
Data for 'Future Transboundary Water Stress and Its Drivers Under Climate Change: A Global Study'
<p><strong>This dataset is a supplement to the following publication (please cite that when using the data):</strong></p> <p>Munia et al. 2020. Future transboundary water stress and its drivers under climate change: a global study. Earth’s future. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001321">https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001321</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Water stress category data</strong></p> <p>Dataset presents the water stress category in transboundary basins at sub-basin level for different scenarios (see article for details):</p> <ul> <li> <p>stress_category_Historical.gpkg: stress for years 1980 and 2010</p> </li> <li> <p>stress_category_SSP1‐RCP26.gpkg: stress for year 2050, SSP1‐RCP2.6 scenario</p> </li> <li> <p>stress_category_SSP1‐RCP45.gpkg: stress for year 2050, SSP1‐RCP4.5 scenario</p> </li> <li> <p>stress_category_SSP2‐RCP60.gpkg: stress for year 2050, SSP2‐RCP6.0 scenario</p> </li> <li> <p>stress_category_SSP3‐RCP60.gpkg: stress for year 2050, SSP3‐RCP6.0 scenario</p> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Dataset specifications:</strong></p> <p>Type: geopackage (gpkg)</p> <p>Spatial extent: -165, 141.5, -54.5, 70.5 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)</p> <p>Temporal extent: see above</p> <p>Projection: long/lat WGS84 (EPSG:4326)</p> <p>Information: sub-basin name, country, stress level, stress category</p> <p>Unit: -</p> <p> </p>
Potential current and future distribution of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa (ANURA: BUFONIDAE): basis for conservation.
<p>Data and script for ecological niche model. Layers are included for. the present and future</p>
Dataset for "The future sea-level contribution of the Greenland ice sheet: a multi-model ensemble study of ISMIP6"
<p>This data set provides processed model output of ISMIP6 Greenland projections as documented and analysed in the following publication:</p> <p>Heiko Goelzer, Sophie Nowicki, Anthony Payne, Eric Larour, Helene Seroussi, William H. Lipscomb, Jonathan Gregory, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Andy Shepherd, Erika Simon, Cecile Agosta, Patrick Alexander, Andy Aschwanden, Alice Barthel, Reinhard Calov, Christopher Chambers, Youngmin Choi, Joshua Cuzzone, Christophe Dumas, Tamsin Edwards, Denis Felikson, Xavier Fettweis, Nicholas R. Golledge, Ralf Greve, Angelika Humbert, Philippe Huybrechts, Sebastien Le clec'h, Victoria Lee, Gunter Leguy, Chris Little, Daniel P. Lowry, Mathieu Morlighem, Isabel Nias, Aurelien Quiquet, Martin Rückamp, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Donald Slater, Robin Smith, Fiamma Straneo, Lev Tarasov, Roderik van de Wal, and Michiel van den Broeke: The future sea-level contribution of the Greenland ice sheet: a multi-model ensemble study of ISMIP6 , The Cryosphere, 2020. doi:10.5194/tc-2019-319</p> <p>About the data:<br> - The results are based on model output regridded conservatively to a 5x5 km regular ISMIP6 grid unless this is already the native grid. <br> - The results are calculated over the ice-covered area of Greenland, map projection error corrected, ice sheet model specific densities taken into account.<br> - The contribution of peripheral glaciers and ice caps has been removed, by considering their area-coverage in each grid cell.<br> - The results for the projections 'exp*' are all calculated as differences to the control experiment ctrl_proj (suffix cr in filename for control removed).<br> - Results for ctrl_proj and historical are un-corrected (no suffix cr in filename).</p> <p><br> Directory structure:<br> versionid<br> groupname1<br> modelname1<br> expid<br> scalars_mm_cr_GIS_groupname1_modelname1_expid.nc<br> scalars_rm_cr_GIS_groupname1_modelname1_expid.nc<br> scalars_zm_cr_GIS_groupname1_modelname1_expid.nc<br> ...</p> <p>Variables per file:</p> <p>scalars_mm_cr_GIS ----------------- Greenland wide numbers </p> <p>oarea - assumed ocean area [m2]<br> rhof - model specific freshwater density [kg m-3]<br> rhoi - model specific ice density [kg m-3]<br> rhow - model specific ocean water density [kg m-3]</p> <p>time - time, typically in days since X<br> iarea - Fraction of grid cell covered by land ice [1]<br> iareagr - Fraction of grid cell covered by grounded ice sheet<br> iareafl - Fraction of grid cell covered by ice sheet flowing over seawater</p> <p>ivol - ice volume [m3]<br> ivolgr - grounded ice volume [m3]<br> ivolfl - floating ice volume [m3]<br> ivaf - ice volume above flotation [m3]</p> <p>lim - ice mass [kg]<br> limgr - grounded ice mass [kg]<br> limfl - floating ice mass [kg]<br> limaf - ice mass above flotation [kg]</p> <p>sle - sea-level equivalent mass [m] !! decreases with mass loss !! <br> smb - spatially integrated surface mass balance anomaly [kg s-1]</p> <p><br> scalars_rm_cr_GIS ----------------- IMBIE2-Rignot basins xx=[no,ne,se,sw,cw,nw]</p> <p>oarea - assumed ocean area [m2]<br> rhof - model specific freshwater density [kg m-3]<br> rhoi - model specific ice density [kg m-3]<br> rhow - model specific ocean water density [kg m-3]</p> <p>time - time, typically in days since X<br> ivaf_xx - ice volume above flotation [m3]<br> smb_xx - spatially integrated surface mass balance anomaly [kg s-1]<br> limaf_xx - ice mass above flotation [kg]<br> sle_xx - sea-level equivalent mass [m] !! decreases with mass loss !! </p> <p><br> scalars_zm_cr_GIS ----------------- IMBIE2-Zwally basins xx=[z11,z12,z13,z14,z21,z22,z31,z32,z33,z41,z42,z43,z50,z61,z62,z71,z72,z81,z82]</p> <p>oarea - assumed ocean area [m2]<br> rhof - model specific freshwater density [kg m-3]<br> rhoi - model specific ice density [kg m-3]<br> rhow - model specific ocean water density [kg m-3]</p> <p>time - time, typically in days since X<br> ivaf_xx - ice volume above flotation [m3]<br> smb_xx - spatially integrated surface mass balance anomaly [kg s-1]<br> limaf_xx - ice mass above flotation [kg]<br> sle_xx - sea-level equivalent mass [m] !! decreases with mass loss !! </p> <p> </p> <p>Data usage notice:<br> If you use any of these results, please acknowledge the work of the people involved in producing them. Acknowledgements should have language similar to the below.</p> <p>“We thank the Climate and Cryosphere (CliC) effort, which provided support for ISMIP6 through sponsoring of workshops, hosting the ISMIP6 website and wiki, and promoted ISMIP6. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme, which, through it's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, coordinated and promoted CMIP5 and CMIP6. We thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output, the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) for archiving the CMIP data and providing access, the University at Buffalo for ISMIP6 data distribution and upload, and the multiple funding agencies who support CMIP5 and CMIP6 and ESGF. We thank the ISMIP6 steering committee, the ISMIP6 model selection group and ISMIP6 dataset preparation group for their continuous engagement in defining ISMIP6."</p> <p>You should also refer to and cite the following papers:</p> <p>Heiko Goelzer, Sophie Nowicki, Anthony Payne, Eric Larour, Helene Seroussi, William H. Lipscomb, Jonathan Gregory, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Andy Shepherd, Erika Simon, Cecile Agosta, Patrick Alexander, Andy Aschwanden, Alice Barthel, Reinhard Calov, Christopher Chambers, Youngmin Choi, Joshua Cuzzone, Christophe Dumas, Tamsin Edwards, Denis Felikson, Xavier Fettweis, Nicholas R. Golledge, Ralf Greve, Angelika Humbert, Philippe Huybrechts, Sebastien Le clec'h, Victoria Lee, Gunter Leguy, Chris Little, Daniel P. Lowry, Mathieu Morlighem, Isabel Nias, Aurelien Quiquet, Martin Rückamp, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Donald Slater, Robin Smith, Fiamma Straneo, Lev Tarasov, Roderik van de Wal, and Michiel van den Broeke: The future sea-level contribution of the Greenland ice sheet: a multi-model ensemble study of ISMIP6 , The Cryosphere, 2020. doi:10.5194/tc-2019-319</p> <p>Sophie Nowicki, Antony Payne, Heiko Goelzer, Helene Seroussi, William Lipscomb, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Cecile Agosta, Patrick Alexander, Xylar Asay-Davis, Alice Barthel, Thomas Bracegirdle, Richard Cullather, Denis Felikson, Xavier Fettweis, Jonathan Gregory, Tore Hatterman, Nicolas Jourdain, Peter Kuipers Munneke, Eric Larour, Christopher Little, Mathieu Morlinghem, Isabel Nias, Andrew Shepherd, Erika Simon, Donald Slater, Robin Smith, Fiammetta Straneo, Luke Trusel, Michiel van den Broeke, and Roderik van de Wal: Experimental protocol for sea level projections from ISMIP6 standalone ice sheet models, The Cryosphere, doi:10.5194/tc-2019-322, 2020.</p>
DC2 High resolution future hydrological data for Sweden
<p>Hourly river flow and total runoff were computed for the southern part of Sweden using the hourly version of a high resolution hydrological model S-HYPE, which is operationally used by SMHI. The model was calibrated and validated using radar based hourly precipitation and an operationally used hourly reanalysis temperature data. Projection of the impact of climate change was performed by running the model with hourly forcing data from an ensemble of EURO-COREX climate model simulations over 1971 - 2100. Four GCM-RCM combinations were used under two emission scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The results can be used to assess the risk of riverine flooding in areas located along a small to meso-scale river basin. The results can, in particular, be used to assess the risk of flash flooding that can result from heavy precipitation of short duration.</p>
Data from: Contemporary and future distributions of cobia, Rachycentron canadum
<p><b>Aim:</b> Climate change has influenced the distribution and phenology of marine species, globally. However, knowledge of the impacts of climate change are lacking for many species that support valuable recreational fisheries. Cobia (<i>Rachycentron canadum</i>) are the target of an important recreational fishery along the U.S. east coast that is currently the subject of a management controversy regarding allocation and stock structure. Further, the current and probable future distributions of this migratory species are unclear, further complicating decision-making. The objectives of this study are to better define the contemporary distribution of cobia along the U.S. east coast and to project potential shifts in distribution and phenology under future climate change scenarios.</p> <p><b>Location:</b> Chesapeake Bay and the U.S. east coast.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We developed a depth-integrated habitat suitability model using archival tagging data from cobia that were caught and tagged in Chesapeake Bay during summer months and coupled those data with high-resolution ocean models to project the contemporary and future distributions of cobia along U.S. east coast.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> During the winter months, suitable cobia habitat currently occurs in offshore waters off North Carolina and further south, whereas during the summer months, suitable habitat occurs in waters from Florida to southern New England. In warmer years, the availability of suitable habitat increases in northern latitudes. Under continued climate change over the next 40-80 years, suitable habitat is projected to shift northward and decrease over the shelf.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b> Habitat distributions suggest cobia overwinter offshore and could inhabit waters further north during warmer months, into state jurisdictions that do not have strict management regulations for cobia. When waters are warmer, distributions are projected to shift poleward and seasonal migrations may begin earlier. These results can inform resource allocation discussions between fishery managers and resource users.</p>
Mapping present and future predicted distribution patterns for a meso-grazer guild in the Baltic Sea
<p>Baltic Sea communities consisting of key and endemic species are threatened by climate change. Using Ecological niche modelling, we map predicted distribution patterns under recent and future climate change scenarios (2050) for a food-web consisting of a guild of meso-grazers (Idotea spp.), their host algae (Fucus vesiculosus and F. radicans) and their fish predator (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Brackish water species depend on two important abiotic factors: temperature and salinity. We assess which of these environmental factors determines the distribution limits of the grazers in the Baltic Sea today. For species in a semi-enclosed sea area such as the Baltic Sea, climate-induced changes may lead to dramatic food-web effects. We assess the consequences of the predicted climate-induced habitat range changes for this unique Baltic community.<br /> </p>
Data of LAI-L20C in Vegetation masking effect on future warming and snow albedo feedback in a boreal forest region of northern Eurasia according to MIROC-ESM
<p>Data of LAI-L20C experiment in the research paper: Vegetation masking effect on future warming and snow albedo feedback in a boreal forest region of northern Eurasia according to MIROC-ESM.</p> <p>The paper was submitted to JGR-Atmosphere.</p> <p>Variables are limited to those used in the paper.</p> <ul> <li>snow water equivalent (swe)</li> <li>snow cover fraction (snc)</li> <li>clear-sky downward shortwave radiation at surface (rsdscs)</li> <li>clear-sky upward shortwave radiation at surface (rsuscs)</li> <li>surface air temperature (tas)</li> </ul> <p>See the paper for the detail.</p>
Indicator for the current and future socio-ecological burden caused by the expansion of wind energy in German districts
<p>The data table lists the calculated present burden (IST-Belastungsgrad) based on the year 2014 and the maximum possible burden (MAX-Belastungsgrad) on the population caused by the further expansion of wind energy. The so-called burden level is calculated accounting for the area occupied by wind turbines, the total area of a district and the population density. Additionally the table holds data on possible future burden levels based on two scenarios for the year 2050. Each district can be identified by its key, "Regionalschlüssel", and corresponding geo data (EPSG: 25832) of the administrative area provided by the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy: © GeoBasis-DE / BKG 2014 (data was changed).</p> <p>The dataset was created in the context of the interdisciplinary research project VerNetzen and is described in detail in the final project report: VerNetzen Degel, M., Christ, M., Grünert, J., Becker, L., Wingenbach, C., Soethe, M., Bunke, W.-D., Mester, K., und Wiese, F. (2016). <em>VerNetzen: Sozial-ökologische und technisch-ökonomische Modellierung von Entwicklungspfaden der Energiewende</em>. IZT Berlin, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Deutsche Umwelthilfe e.V., pp. 98-118, 143-145.</p> <p><strong><em>Deutsch:</em></strong></p> <p>Die Tabelle enthält u.a. den derzeitigen Belastungsgrad, festgestellt für das Jahr 2014, und den maximal möglichen Belastungsgrad je Landkreis. Der Belastungsgrad ist ein Indikator für die durch den Zubau von Windenergie betroffene Bevölkerung und berechnet sich aus der Gesamtfläche eines Landkreises, der für die Windenergie genutzten Fläche und der Bevölkerungsdichte. In der Tabelle sind ebenfalls mögliche zukünftige Belastungsgrade auf Grundlage zweier Projektszenarien für das Jahr 2050 enthalten. Die jeweiligen Landkreise können mit dem Regionalschlüssel oder den geographischen Daten (EPSG: 25832) des Bundesamtes für Kartographie und Geodäsie zugeordnet werden: © GeoBasis-DE / BKG 2014 (Daten verändert).</p> <p>Der Datensatz ist im Kontext des interdisziplinären Forschungsprojekts VerNetzen entstanden und ist ausführlich im Projektabschlussbericht beschrieben: VerNetzen Degel, M., Christ, M., Grünert, J., Becker, L., Wingenbach, C., Soethe, M., Bunke, W.-D., Mester, K., und Wiese, F. (2016). <em>VerNetzen: Sozial-ökologische und technisch-ökonomische Modellierung von Entwicklungspfaden der Energiewende</em>. IZT Berlin, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Deutsche Umwelthilfe e.V., S.98-118, S.143-145.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Indicator for the current and future socio-ecological burden caused by the expansion of wind energy in German districts - auxiliary values
<p>The table contains the population and the size of the total area for each German district as of 2013. Furthermore it contains the size of those areas per district, that potentially could be used for wind energy.</p> <p>The data on the population is provided by the Federal Statistical Office and the statistical Offices of the Länder: © Federal Statistical Office and the statistical Offices of the Länder, Regionaldatenbank Deutschland, December 2014, Datenlizenz by-2-0 (https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0) (data was changed). The total district area is derived from geo data provided by the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy: © GeoBasis-DE / BKG 2014 (data was changed).</p> <p>For further information on potential areas see VerNetzen Degel, M., Christ, M., Grünert, J., Becker, L., Wingenbach, C., Soethe, M., Bunke, W.-D., Mester, K., und Wiese, F. (2016). <em>VerNetzen: Sozial-ökologische und technisch-ökonomische Modellierung von Entwicklungspfaden der Energiewende</em>. IZT Berlin, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Deutsche Umwelthilfe e.V., pp. 105-109.</p> <p><em><strong>Deutsch:</strong></em></p> <p>Die Tabelle umfasst die Bevölkerungsanzahl und Flächengröße je deutschem Landkreis für das Jahr 2013. Außerdem ist die Größe jener Fläche angegeben, die potentiell für die Windenergie genutzt werden könnte.</p> <p>Die Bevölkerungszahlen werden von den Statistischen Ämtern des Bundes und der Länder zur Verfügung gestellt: © Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Länder, Regionaldatenbank Deutschland, Dezember 2014, Datenlizenz by-2-0 (https://www.govdata.de/dl-de/by-2-0) (Daten geändert). Die Landkreisflächen werden auf Grundlage von Geodaten des Bundesamtes für Kartographie und Geodäsie berechnet: © GeoBasis-DE / BKG 2014 (Daten geändert).</p> <p>Für weitere Informationen bzgl. der Potentialflächen siehe VerNetzen Degel, M., Christ, M., Grünert, J., Becker, L., Wingenbach, C., Soethe, M., Bunke, W.-D., Mester, K., und Wiese, F. (2016). <em>VerNetzen: Sozial-ökologische und technisch-ökonomische Modellierung von Entwicklungspfaden der Energiewende</em>. IZT Berlin, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Deutsche Umwelthilfe e.V., S. 105-109.</p>
Reanalysis and future wave climate projections of the wave climate of the Gulf of Riga 1993-2100
<h4><strong>Data sets</strong></h4><p>There are two data sets: (1) reanalysis (1993-2021) and (2) future projection (2015-2100).</p><p>The dataset provides gridded monthly mean values of the parameters of the wind waves in the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea. The variables of the dataset of the wave field state of the Gulf of Riga are as follows (Long name: <i>acronym</i>, <i>units</i>) </p><ul><li>Mean wave direction: <i>VMDR_WW, </i>°</li><li>Spectral significant wave height: <i>VHM0_WW, m</i></li><li>Spectral moment (0,1) of wave period or mean wave period: <i>VTM01_WW, s</i></li><li>Eastward wave energy flux: <i>WWEFu, W/m</i></li><li>Northward wave energy flux: <i>WWEFv, W/m</i></li></ul><p> </p><p>The grid size of the dataset is 101 (latitude) x 93 (longitude). The horizontal grid spacing is 1 nm. The time resolution of the dataset is monthly – the monthly mean value is provided in the 1st day of the month in the time dimension.</p><p>The original climatic calculations are based on the University of Latvia (UL) set-up of the SWAN model for the Gulf of Riga. The original output of the model run is hourly data series. </p><h4><strong>Reanalysis</strong></h4><p>Time period: 1993-2021, 29 years.</p><p>The main characteristics of the input data and approach for the reanalysis run are as follows: </p><ul><li>EMODNET2020 bathymetry.</li><li>Atmospheric forcing (eastward and northward components of the near surface wind) – ERA5 meteorology.</li><li>Ice conditions – LU HBM, see Frishfelds et. al. 2023.</li><li>Boundary conditions – Baltic Sea Wave Hindcast.</li></ul><h4><strong>Future climate projection</strong></h4><p>Time period: 2015-2100, 86 years.</p><p>The main characteristics of the input data and approach for the future wave climate projections run are as follows: </p><ul><li>Emodnet2020 bathymetry.</li><li>Atmospheric forcing (eastward and northward components of the near surface wind) from downscaled CMIP6 climate projection model NorESM2-MM_ssp585_r1i1p1f1 (search string – project:'CMIP6', source_id:'NorESM2-MM', experiment_id:'ssp585', variant_label:'r1i1p1f1').</li><li>Ice conditions – LU HBM, see Frishfelds et. al. 2023. </li><li>Boundary conditions – fetch model according to Shore protection manual, 1984.</li></ul><h4><strong>References</strong></h4><p>Frishfelds, V., Cepīte-Frišfelde, D., Timuhins, A., Bethers, U., Sennikovs, J., Reanalysis and future climate projections of the physical state of the Gulf of Riga 1993-2100, Zenodo, <a href="https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.8248942">10.5281/zenodo.8248942</a>, (2023).</p><p>Baltic Sea Wave Hindcast. E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS). Marine Data Store (MDS). doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00014">https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00014</a>.</p><p>Shore protection manual, Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC), (1984).</p>
Factors influencing the likelihood of accessing healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland: lessons for the future
<p>This is an adapted version of the original National Household Survey - Wave 1 whereby existing variables were recoded to create new variables for the purpose of a new analysis.</p>
STREAM - Sub-THz Radar sensing of the Environment for future Autonomous Marine platforms: RLG Dataset Coniston A
<p>This dataset contains the files corresponding to which results have been included in the journal paper. The full descirption of conducted trials and data structure is mentioned in the attached pdf document.</p><p>STREAM trials were conducted by the University of Birmingham (UoB) and the University of St. Andrews from 29/08/2022 - 02/09/2022 at Coniston Lake in the UK. The primary aim was to gather propagation data across lakes and measure the returns from the lake surface. The data will be used to develop algorithms to extract the information needed for pilotage.</p><p>The experiments were performed with radars operating in the 79, 150, and 300 GHz bands to investigate the Doppler and imaging capabilities of these radars.</p><p>This report describes the measurement scenarios and data structure of INRAS Radarlog (76 GHz – 81 GHz) used for data collection campaign.</p><p>Contact: a.a.a.pirkani@bham.ac.uk or m.s.gashinova@bham.ac.uk</p>
Supporting information for "Illuminating the nanostructure of diffuse interfaces: Recent advances and future directions in reflectometry techniques"
<p>This deposition contains the data and analysis (Jupyter notebooks) detailed in Illuminating the nanostructure of diffuse interfaces: Recent advances and future directions in reflectometry techniques. All Jupyter notebooks have also been converted into PDF files for ease of viewing.</p><p> </p><p>All data and code (notebooks) required to reproduce the analysis can be found within the "supporting_data_analysis.zip" archive. This archive contains two sub-directories:</p><ul><li>insituAnalysis<ul><li>Jupyter notebook outlining how to perform the `on-the-fly' analysis.</li><li>Data directory containing all temporally sliced neutron reflectometry data.</li></ul></li><li>MaxEnt<ul><li>Jupyter notebook outlining how to perform the maximum entropy modelling approach for polymer volume fraction profiles.</li><li>Data directory containing relevant neutron reflectometry data and PCHIP spline modelling by Gresham et al. (<a href="www.doi.org/10.1107/S160057672100251X">10.1107/S160057672100251X</a>).</li><li>Code available on the <a href="https://github.com/refnx/refnx-models/tree/master/MaxEntVFP">refnx-models GitHub repo</a>.</li></ul></li></ul><p> </p>
Data for: Curbing global solid waste emissions toward net-zero warming futures
<p>No global analysis has considered the warming that could be averted through improved solid waste management and how much that could contribute to meeting the Paris Agreement's 1.5° and 2°C pathway goals or the terms of the Global Methane Pledge. With our estimated global solid waste generation of 2.56 to 3.33 billion tonnes by 2050, implementing abrupt technical and behavioral changes could result in a net-zero warming solid waste system relative to 2020, leading to 11 to 27 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide warming–equivalent emissions under the temperature limits. These changes, however, require accelerated adoption within 9 to 17 years (by 2033 to 2041) to align with the Global Methane Pledge. Rapidly reducing methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide emissions is necessary to maximize the short-term climate benefits and stop the ongoing temperature rise.</p>
Data from: Ability of seedlings to survive heat and drought portends future demographic challenges for five southwestern US conifers
<p>Climate change and disturbance are altering forests and the rates and locations of tree regeneration. We examined seedling survival of five southwestern United States (US) conifer species found in warmer and drier woodlands (<em>Pinus edulis</em>, <em>P. ponderosa</em>) and cooler and wetter subalpine forests (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>, <em>Abies concolor</em>, and <em>Picea engelmanii</em>) under hot and dry conditions in incubators. We constructed models that explained 53% to 76% of the species-specific survival variability, then applied these to recent climate (1980-2019) and projected climate (1980-2099) for the southwestern US. We found that lower elevations within species' range would have low survival under projected climate and that range contraction would be greatest for species that currently occupy warm-dry conditions. These results demonstrate that empirically derived physiological limitations can be used to identify where species composition or vegetation type change are likely to occur in the southwest US.</p>
FIG. 7 in The Miocene La Venta Biome (Colombia): A century of research and future perspectives
FIG. 7. — Reconstitution of the La Venta biome (Colombia). Illustration by Guillermo Torres. Banco de Imágenes Ambientales (BIA). Instituto de Investigaciones de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.