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FIGURE 6 in Reevaluation of the genus Cyclops Müller, 1776 (Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin: first report of the Palearctic species Cyclops divergens Lindberg, 1936 from Lake Erie and documentation of Cyclops sibiricus Lindberg, 1949 in the St. Marys River
FIGURE 6: Known occurrences of Cyclops species within the Laurentian Great Lakes basin with C. divergens displayed as black triangles, C. sibiricus as black squares, unconfirmed reports of C. strenuus which likely refer to C. sibiricus as white squares, and C. scutifer as black circles.
FIGURE 5 in Reevaluation of the genus Cyclops Müller, 1776 (Cyclopoida: Cyclopidae) in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin: first report of the Palearctic species Cyclops divergens Lindberg, 1936 from Lake Erie and documentation of Cyclops sibiricus Lindberg, 1949 in the St. Marys River
FIGURE 5: Lake Erie C. divergens male (a) A1 geniculate (b) Mxl palp proximalmost seta ornamented with long setules (arrowed) and large spinules on surface arrowed (c) P4 coupler ornamented with horizontal row of long hairs (arrowed).
Traversing the Great Lakes: Post-glacial colonization by a widespread terrestrial salamander
<p><strong>Aims:</strong> Glacial retreat at the end of the Pleistocene epoch opened vast expanses of emergent habitat in the northern hemisphere that were colonized by opportunistic taxa. However, species that undergo post-glacial expansion may have originated from one or several glacial refugia. We inferred the post-glacial expansion history of the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (<em>Plethodon cinereus</em>), a fully terrestrial species with a vast distribution despite severe dispersal limitations. Previous studies indicated populations south of the glacial boundary at the eastern and western limits of the distribution were closely related, suggesting either multiple refugia or an extraordinary post-glacial expansion event.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Eastern North America.</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> <em>Plethodon cinereus</em> (Green, 1818), Caudata: Plethodontidae.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected ddRAD-seq data from 106 individuals throughout the distribution of <em>P. cinereus</em>. We estimated phylogeographic structure, including finer-scale structure among the post-glacial populations. To test the origins and routes of colonization, we used ecological niche modeling, population trees, and analyses of directional range expansion.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses supported our hypothesis of a southeastern glacial refugium, with northward expansion along the Eastern Seaboard prior to westward invasion into the Great Lakes region, including southwestern expansion into unglaciated areas at the western end of the distribution. However, a distinct subgroup in the northwestern portion of the range raises the possibility of a second refugium near the ice-free Driftless Area.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Based on our results, we hypothesize a southeastern refugium from which most of today's northern populations undertook extensive post-glacial colonization. Our results indicate a geographically non-linear colonization history for <em>P. cinereus</em>.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Recent changes in abundance and cell size of pelagic diatoms in the North American Great Lakes
FIGURE 4: Change in cell size (µm) for select diatom species from spring sample locations throughout the Great Lakes. Line lengths represent the difference in size between the average for pre-2000 years (1996, 1998, 1999) and post-2000 years (2007, 2008). Black, down-pointing lines indicate declines in average cell size at each sample location. Gray, up-pointing lines similarly indicate cell size increases over the sampling period. The presence of a circle at a sampling station indicates that the taxon was observed during both periods.
FIGURE 3 in Recent changes in abundance and cell size of pelagic diatoms in the North American Great Lakes
FIGURE 3: Change in cell size (µm) for diatoms from sample locations throughout the Great Lakes. Line lengths represent the difference in size between the average for pre-2000 years (1996, 1998, 1999) and post-2000 years (2007, 2008). Sizes for the two periods were based on an average of all measured cells at each location. Seasonal data are presented for all, centric and pennate diatoms. Black, down-pointing lines indicate declines in average cell size at each sample location. Gray, up-pointing lines similarly indicate cell size increases over the sampling period.
FIGURE 1 in Recent changes in abundance and cell size of pelagic diatoms in the North American Great Lakes
FIGURE 1: Average change in density and biovolume of total diatoms in spring and summer from sample locations throughout the Great Lakes. Lines represent the difference in diatom abundance (density or biovolume) between the average for pre-2000 years (1996, 1998, 1999) and post-2000 years (2007, 2008). Black, down-pointing lines indicate declines in diatom cell densities or biovolumes at each sample location. Gray, up-pointing lines similarly indicate density or biovolume increases over the sampling period.
Sensitivity of multiple vital rates for ruffed grouse in the upper Great Lakes region
<p>Effective management of wildlife requires a full understanding of population dynamics and knowledge of potential drivers that influence population growth. The Ruffed Grouse (<i>Bonasa umbellus</i>) is a popular upland game bird widely distributed across the northern United States and Canada that has experienced population declines within portions of its range in response to forest maturation and habitat loss. Although the species has been extensively studied, few efforts have been made to synthesize demographic data into a sensitivity analysis to guide management actions. We reviewed the literature and compiled Ruffed Grouse vital rates from 14 field studies conducted across four decades (1982−2018) within the Upper Great Lakes region of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, USA. We parameterized a deterministic matrix model to evaluate population dynamics and conducted sensitivity analyses to identify vital rates projected to have the greatest influence on the finite rate of population change (λ). Our modeling effort projected a stable but highly variable annual rate of population change (λ = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.88–1.14) for Ruffed Grouse in the Upper Great Lakes region. Stochastic rates of population change derived from spring drumming surveys (λ = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.61–1.45) and Christmas Bird Count surveys (λ = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.62–1.76) of the corresponding regional population provided validation of stable trends over the same time period as our demographic model. Prospective elasticities and variance-scaled sensitivities suggested λ would be greatly influenced by components of reproductive performance: nesting success, chick survival, and post-fledging juvenile survival. Retrospective analysis indicated that much of the overall variability in λ and annual productivity was also attributed to annual variation in nesting success. Management of this species has often focused on fall and overwinter survival, but population projection models provided little evidence that survival was the predominant factor affecting population growth of Ruffed Grouse in this region. A suite of confounding factors and demographic processes that drive population trends can differ significantly across a species' range. In the Upper Great Lakes region, management efforts aimed at maximizing reproductive success would likely have the greatest potential influence on Ruffed Grouse population growth. Other types of systematic, regional survey data can also be useful for validating population trends derived from demographic modeling studies.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Craves JA, Anich NM (2023) Status and distribution of an introduced population of European Goldfinches (Carduelis carduelis) in the western Great Lakes region of North America. NeoBiota 81: 129-155. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.97736
Records of European Goldfinches in North America, 2001–2021, by state/province with county totals. Records represent observations, not individual birds. Regions included in the western Great Lakes region are in bold
Supplementary material 2 from: Craves JA, Anich NM (2023) Status and distribution of an introduced population of European Goldfinches (Carduelis carduelis) in the western Great Lakes region of North America. NeoBiota 81: 129-155. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.81.97736
Mapped locations of confirmed breeding European Goldfinches in the western Great Lakes region, 2001–2021
The shrinking Great Salt Lake contributes to record high dust-on-snow deposition in the Wasatch Mountains during the 2022 snowmelt season
<p>This site contains inputs/outputs used for atmospheric backward trajectory analyses (.zip files) and snowmelt mass and energy balance modeling (all other files) in this study. The abstract of the study is below: </p> <p>Seasonal snowmelt from the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, USA is a primary control on water availability for the metropolitan Wasatch Front, surrounding agricultural valleys, and the Great Salt Lake (GSL). Prolonged drought, increased evaporation due to warming temperatures, and sustained agricultural and domestic water consumption have caused GSL water levels to reach record low stands in 2021 and 2022, resulting in increased exposure of dry lakebed sediment. When dust emitted from the GSL dry lakebed is deposited on the adjacent Wasatch snowpack, the snow is darkened, and snowmelt is accelerated. Regular observations of dust-on-snow (DOS) began in the Wasatch Mountains in 2009, and the 2022 season was notable for both having the most dust deposition events and the highest snowpack dust concentrations. To understand if record high DOS concentrations were linked to record low GSL levels, dust source regions for each dust event were identified through a backward trajectory model analysis combined with aerosol measurements and field observations. Backward trajectories indicated that the exposed lakebed of the GSL likely contributed 23% of total dust deposition and had the highest dust emissions per surface area. The other potential primary contributors were the Great Salt Lake Desert (45%) and the Sevier + Tule dry lakebeds (17%), both with lower per-area emissions. The impact on snowmelt, quantified by mass and energy balance modeling in the presence and absence of snow darkening by dust, was over two weeks (17 days) earlier. The impact of dust on snowmelt could have been more dramatic if the spring had been drier, but frequent snowfall buried dust layers, delaying dust-accelerated snowmelt later into the melt season.</p>
Duck nests in Great Salt Lake, Utah wetlands 2019, 2020, and 2021
<p>Nesting data for ducks in the wetlands of Great Salt Lake, Utah. Nests were located at U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge and waterfowl management areas operated by the Utah Division of Natural Resources in 2019, 2020, and 2021.</p>
Established and potentially invasive fish of the Laurentian Great Lakes
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Data from: Phenotypic, ecological and genomic variation in common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) populations along depth gradients in New Zealand's Southern Great Lakes
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Traversing the Great Lakes: Post-glacial colonization by a widespread terrestrial salamander
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Data from: Evolution and origin of sympatric shallow-water morphotypes of Lake Trout, Salvelinus namaycush, in Canada's Great Bear Lake
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Data from: Coalescent models characterize sources and demographic history of recent round goby colonization of Great Lakes and inland waters
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Data from: Human-mediated and natural dispersal of an invasive fish in the eastern Great Lakes
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Data and code from: Bioacoustic monitoring reveals patterns of landscape use by migrating birds at a Great Lakes barrier crossing
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Genomic and immunogenic changes of Piscine novirhabdovirus (Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus) over its evolutionary history in the Laurentian Great Lakes
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Duck nests in Great Salt Lake, Utah wetlands 2019, 2020, and 2021
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.